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The Composition of Fungal Communities in the Rumen of Gayals (Bos frontalis), Yaks (Bos grunniens), and Yunnan and Tibetan Yellow Cattle (Bos taurs)

HOUFU WANG
HOUFU WANG
, 
PENGFEI LI
PENGFEI LI
, 
XUCHUAN LIU
XUCHUAN LIU
, 
CHUNYONG ZHANG
CHUNYONG ZHANG
, 
QIONGFEN LU
QIONGFEN LU
, 
DONGMEI XI
DONGMEI XI
, 
RENHUI YANG
RENHUI YANG
, 
SHULING WANG
SHULING WANG
, 
WENSHUN BAI
WENSHUN BAI
, 
ZHEN YANG
ZHEN YANG
, 
RONGKANG ZHOU
RONGKANG ZHOU
, 
XIAO CHENG
XIAO CHENG
 et 
JING LENG
JING LENG
   | 05 déc. 2019
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Article Category: original-paper
Publié en ligne: 05 déc. 2019
Pages: 505 - 514
Reçu: 30 mai 2019
Accepté: 17 oct. 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2019-050
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© 2019 Houfu Wang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Venn diagram, rarefaction index, and abundance distribution curves for D, H, M and ZH based on OTUs from cattle breeds, which had ≥ 97% similarity.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle. Red line represents D. Blue line represents ZH.Green line represents M. Yellow line represents H.
Venn diagram, rarefaction index, and abundance distribution curves for D, H, M and ZH based on OTUs from cattle breeds, which had ≥ 97% similarity.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle. Red line represents D. Blue line represents ZH.Green line represents M. Yellow line represents H.

Fig. 2.

Composition of rumen fungi genera. Others represent the abundance of rumen fungi lower than 1%.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.
Composition of rumen fungi genera. Others represent the abundance of rumen fungi lower than 1%.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.

Fig. 3.

Phylogenetic tree. The tree was based on taxonomic information such as the abundance of all genera and the genera of corresponding OTUs based on taxonomic information from the NCBI database to reflect the diversity and community of rumen fungi of D, H, M, and ZH.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.
Phylogenetic tree. The tree was based on taxonomic information such as the abundance of all genera and the genera of corresponding OTUs based on taxonomic information from the NCBI database to reflect the diversity and community of rumen fungi of D, H, M, and ZH.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.

Fig. 4.

Heatmap formed using the Bray-Curtis algorithm and the complete linkage method. The heatmap-plot describes the relative percentage of each fungal class within each cattle breed. Relative values for the fungal class are indicated by color intensity.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.
Heatmap formed using the Bray-Curtis algorithm and the complete linkage method. The heatmap-plot describes the relative percentage of each fungal class within each cattle breed. Relative values for the fungal class are indicated by color intensity.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.

Fungal classification and the percentage statistics.

Total sequencePhylumSequencesPercentsDominant genus
285092Neocallimastigomycota63 53522.28%Piromyces, Anaeromyces, Cyllamyces, Neocallimastix and Orpionmyces
Basidiomycota6 0302.11%Udeniomyces
Ascomycota2 7400.96%Cladosporium

Diversity index of anaerobic fungal communities among the cattle breeds.

Cattle breedsFeedReads0.97 (level)
OTU0.05AceChaoShannonSimpson
Dweeds64818255a272 (b263, c288)a263 (b258, c276)a2.17 (b2.15, c2.18)a0.3102 (b0.3063, c0.3142)
Hfeed57567166a193 (b180, c220)a191 (b176, c225)a2.78 (b2.76, c2.79)a0.1352 (b0.1332, c0.1372)
Mweeds98550463a487 (b476, c505)a477 (b470, c494)a2.82 (b2.80, c2.83)a0.1622 (b0.1606, c0.1639)
ZHweeds64694441a461 (b452, c477)a451 (b445, c466)a1.74 (b1.72, c1.76)a0.4905 (b0.4858, c 0.4953)

Cattle diet and nutrient levels.

FeedsDietary nutrients (%)
DMCPEENDFADF
Bamboo diet48.10 ± 9.8513.06 ± 1.203.08 ± 0.6972.13 ± 1.5442.76 ± 3.02
Wild grass70.24 ± 0.561.44 ± 0.100.04 ± 0.0230.12 ± 0.1718.83 ± 0.10
Rice bran87.03 ± 0.2212.82 ± 0.1616.53 ± 0.1822.91 ± 0.2113.44 ± 0.52
Corn86.15 ± 0.148.38 ± 0.133.01 ± 0.248.59 ± 0.623.27 ± 0.54
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