This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Angmo, P., & Mahajan, R. (2024). Virtual influencer marketing: A study of millennials and gen Z consumer behaviour. Qualitative Market Research, 27(2): 280–300. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-01-2023-0009AngmoP.MahajanR.2024Virtual influencer marketing: A study of millennials and gen Z consumer behaviourQualitative Market Research272280300https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-01-2023-0009Search in Google Scholar
Appel, G., Grewal, L., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A. T. (2020). The future of social media in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1): 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00695-1AppelG.GrewalL.HadiR.StephenA. T.2020The future of social media in marketingJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science4817995https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00695-1Search in Google Scholar
Arsenyan, J., & Mirowska, A. (2021). Almost human? A comparative case study on the social media presence of virtual influencers. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102694ArsenyanJ.MirowskaA.2021Almost human? A comparative case study on the social media presence of virtual influencersInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies155https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102694Search in Google Scholar
Awdziej, M., Plata-Alf, D., & Tkaczyk, J. (2022). Real or Not, Doesn't Matter, As Long As You Are Hot: Exploring the Perceived Credibility of an Instagram Virtual Influencer. In M. Awdziej & J. Tkaczyk (Eds.), Extending Boundaries: The Impact of the Digital World on Consumers and Marketing (pp. 33–46). Kozminski Univ.AwdziejM.Plata-AlfD.TkaczykJ.2022Real or Not, Doesn't Matter, As Long As You Are Hot: Exploring the Perceived Credibility of an Instagram Virtual InfluencerInAwdziejM.TkaczykJ.(Eds.),Extending Boundaries: The Impact of the Digital World on Consumers and Marketing3346Kozminski UnivSearch in Google Scholar
Barbosa, B. (2024). Virtual Influencers: A Bibliometric Analysis. In: Using Influencer Marketing as a Digital Business Strategy (pp. 163–188). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0551-5.ch008BarbosaB.2024Virtual Influencers: A Bibliometric AnalysisIn:Using Influencer Marketing as a Digital Business Strategy163188IGI Globalhttps://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0551-5.ch008Search in Google Scholar
Belanche, D., Casalo, L., V., & Flavian, M. (2024). Human versus virtual influences, a comparative study. Journal of Business Research, 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114493BelancheD.CasaloL. V.FlavianM.2024Human versus virtual influences, a comparative studyJournal of Business Research173https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114493Search in Google Scholar
Chiu, C. L., & Ho, H.-C. (2023). Impact of Celebrity, Micro-Celebrity, and Virtual Influencers on Chinese Gen Z's Purchase Intention Through Social Media. Sage Open, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231164034ChiuC. L.HoH.-C.2023Impact of Celebrity, Micro-Celebrity, and Virtual Influencers on Chinese Gen Z's Purchase Intention Through Social MediaSage Open131https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231164034Search in Google Scholar
Choi, M., Choi, Y., & Lee, H. (2023). Gen Z Travelers in the Instagram Marketplace: Trust, Influencer Type, Post Type, and Purchase Intention. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 48(6): 1020–1034. https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480231180938ChoiM.ChoiY.LeeH.2023Gen Z Travelers in the Instagram Marketplace: Trust, Influencer Type, Post Type, and Purchase IntentionJournal of Hospitality & Tourism Research48610201034https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480231180938Search in Google Scholar
Conti, M., Gathani, J., & Tricomi, P. P. (2022). Virtual Influencers in Online Social Media. IEEE Communications Magazine, 8(60): 86–91). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.2100786ContiM.GathaniJ.TricomiP. P.2022Virtual Influencers in Online Social MediaIEEE Communications Magazine8608691https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.2100786Search in Google Scholar
DataReportal (2024). Global Social Media Statistics. DataReportal – Global Digital Insights. Available at: https://datareportal.com/social-media-users (8.7.2025).DataReportal2024Global Social Media Statistics. DataReportal – Global Digital InsightsAvailable at: https://datareportal.com/social-media-users (8.7.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Deng, F., & Jiang, X. (2023). Effects of human versus virtual human influencers on the appearance anxiety of social media users. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103233DengF.JiangX.2023Effects of human versus virtual human influencers on the appearance anxiety of social media usersJournal of Retailing and Consumer Services71https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103233Search in Google Scholar
El Hedhli, K., Zourrig, H., Al Khateeb, A., & Alnawas, I. (2023). Stereotyping human-like virtual influencers in retailing: Does warmth prevail over competence? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103459El HedhliK.ZourrigH.Al KhateebA.AlnawasI.2023Stereotyping human-like virtual influencers in retailing: Does warmth prevail over competence?Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services75https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103459Search in Google Scholar
Ferraro, C., Sands, S., Zubcevic-Basic, N., & Campbell, C. (2024). Diversity in the digital age: How consumers respond to diverse virtual influencers. International Journal of Advertising, 43(8): 1342–1365. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2023.2300927FerraroC.SandsS.Zubcevic-BasicN.CampbellC.2024Diversity in the digital age: How consumers respond to diverse virtual influencersInternational Journal of Advertising43813421365https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2023.2300927Search in Google Scholar
Gerrath, M. H. E. E., Olya, H., Shah, Z., & Li, H. (2024). Virtual influencers and pro-environmental causes: The roles of message warmth and trust in experts. Journal of Business Research, 175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114520GerrathM. H. E. E.OlyaH.ShahZ.LiH.2024Virtual influencers and pro-environmental causes: The roles of message warmth and trust in expertsJournal of Business Research175https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114520Search in Google Scholar
Grand View Research (2024). Virtual Influencer Market Size, Share & Growth Report, 2030 (GVR-4-68040-175-0; Issue GVR-4-68040-175-0, pp. 1–150). Available at: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/virtual-influencer-market-report (8.7.2025).Grand View Research2024Virtual Influencer Market Size, Share & Growth Report, 2030GVR-4-68040-175-0; Issue GVR-4-68040-175-0,1150Available at: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/virtual-influencer-market-report (8.7.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Ham, J., Li, S., Looi, J., & Eastin, M. S. (2024). Virtual humans as social actors: Investigating user perceptions of virtual humans' emotional expression on social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108161HamJ.LiS.LooiJ.EastinM. S.2024Virtual humans as social actors: Investigating user perceptions of virtual humans' emotional expression on social mediaComputers in Human Behavior155https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108161Search in Google Scholar
Hrustek, L. (2023). Utjecaj marketinškog sadržaja na ponašanje i osjećaje potrošača. 1–16. Available at: https://www.croris.hr/crosbi/publikacija/prilog-skup/804655 (8.7.2025).HrustekL.2023Utjecaj marketinškog sadržaja na ponašanje i osjećaje potrošača116Available at: https://www.croris.hr/crosbi/publikacija/prilog-skup/804655 (8.7.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Jhawar, A., Kumar, P., & Varshney, S. (2023). The emergence of virtual influencers: A shift in the influencer marketing paradigm. Young Consumers, 24(4): 468–484. https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-05-2022-1529JhawarA.KumarP.VarshneyS.2023The emergence of virtual influencers: A shift in the influencer marketing paradigmYoung Consumers244468484https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-05-2022-1529Search in Google Scholar
Jiang, K., Zheng, J., & Luo, S. (2024). Green power of virtual influencer: The role of virtual influencer image, emotional appeal, and product involvement. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103660JiangK.ZhengJ.LuoS.2024Green power of virtual influencer: The role of virtual influencer image, emotional appeal, and product involvementJournal of Retailing and Consumer Services77https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103660Search in Google Scholar
Ju, N., Kim, T., & Im, H. (2024). Fake human but real influencer: The interplay of authenticity and humanlikeness in Virtual Influencer communication? Fashion and Textiles, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-024-00380-0JuN.KimT.ImH.2024Fake human but real influencer: The interplay of authenticity and humanlikeness in Virtual Influencer communication?Fashion and Textiles111https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-024-00380-0Search in Google Scholar
Kim, D., & Wang, Z. (2023). The ethics of virtuality: Navigating the complexities of human-like virtual influencers in the social media marketing realm. Frontiers in Communication, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1205610KimD.WangZ.2023The ethics of virtuality: Navigating the complexities of human-like virtual influencers in the social media marketing realmFrontiers in Communication8https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1205610Search in Google Scholar
Kim, E. (Anna), Kim, D., Zihang, E., & Shoenberger, H. (2023). The next hype in social media advertising: Examining virtual influencers' brand endorsement effectiveness. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1089051KimE.(Anna),KimD.ZihangE.ShoenbergerH.2023The next hype in social media advertising: Examining virtual influencers' brand endorsement effectivenessFrontiers in Psychology14https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1089051Search in Google Scholar
Kim, H., & Park, M. (2023). Virtual influencers? Attractiveness effect on purchase intention: A moderated mediation model of the Product-Endorser fit with the brand. Computers in Human Behavior, 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107703KimH.ParkM.2023Virtual influencers? Attractiveness effect on purchase intention: A moderated mediation model of the Product-Endorser fit with the brandComputers in Human Behavior143https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107703Search in Google Scholar
Kim, H., & Park, M. (2024). When digital celebrity talks to you: How human-like virtual influencers satisfy consumer's experience through social presence on social media endorsements. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103581KimH.ParkM.2024When digital celebrity talks to you: How human-like virtual influencers satisfy consumer's experience through social presence on social media endorsementsJournal of Retailing and Consumer Services76https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103581Search in Google Scholar
Kim, J., Kim, M., & Lee, S.-M. (2024). Unlocking Trust Dynamics: An Exploration of Playfulness, Expertise, and Consumer Behavior in Virtual Influencer Marketing. In INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION. TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2300018KimJ.KimM.LeeS.-M.2024Unlocking Trust Dynamics: An Exploration of Playfulness, Expertise, and Consumer Behavior in Virtual Influencer MarketingInINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTIONTAYLOR & FRANCIS INChttps://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2300018Search in Google Scholar
Kim, M., & Baek, T. H. (2023). Are Virtual Influencers Friends or Foes? Uncovering the Perceived Creepiness and Authenticity of Virtual Influencers in Social Media Marketing in the United States. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 40(18): 5042–5055. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2233125KimM.BaekT. H.2023Are Virtual Influencers Friends or Foes? Uncovering the Perceived Creepiness and Authenticity of Virtual Influencers in Social Media Marketing in the United StatesInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction401850425055https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2233125Search in Google Scholar
Koles, B., Audrezet, A., Moulard, J. G., Ameen, N., & McKenna, B. (2024). The authentic virtual influencer: Authenticity manifestations in the metaverse. Journal of Business Research, 170. https https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114325KolesB.AudrezetA.MoulardJ. G.AmeenN.McKennaB.2024The authentic virtual influencer: Authenticity manifestations in the metaverseJournal of Business Research170https https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114325Search in Google Scholar
Lacković Vincek, Z., Gregurec, I., & Kovšca, V. (2023). Exploring the trend of the research on Logistics 4.0. Logforum, 19(3): 359–409. https://doi.org/10.17270/J.LOG.2023.859Lacković VincekZ.GregurecI.KovšcaV.2023Exploring the trend of the research on Logistics 4.0Logforum193359409https://doi.org/10.17270/J.LOG.2023.859Search in Google Scholar
Laszkiewicz, A., & Kalinska-Kula, M. (2023). Virtual influencers as an emerging marketing theory: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 14(6): 2479–2494. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12956LaszkiewiczA.Kalinska-KulaM.2023Virtual influencers as an emerging marketing theory: A systematic literature reviewInternational Journal of Consumer Studies14624792494https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12956Search in Google Scholar
Li, H., Lei, Y., Zhou, Q., & Yuan, H. (2023). Can you sense without being human? Comparing virtual and human influencers endorsement effectiveness. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103456LiH.LeiY.ZhouQ.YuanH.2023Can you sense without being human? Comparing virtual and human influencers endorsement effectivenessJournal of Retailing and Consumer Services75https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103456Search in Google Scholar
Lim, R. E., & Lee, S. Y. (2023). “You are a virtual influencer!”: Understanding the impact of origin disclosure and emotional narratives on parasocial relationships and virtual influencer credibility. Computers in Human Behavior, 148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107897LimR. E.LeeS. Y.2023“You are a virtual influencer!”: Understanding the impact of origin disclosure and emotional narratives on parasocial relationships and virtual influencer credibilityComputers in Human Behavior148https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107897Search in Google Scholar
Liu, F., & Lee, Y.-H. (2022). Unveiling Behind-the-Scenes Human Interventions and Examining Source Orientation in Virtual Influencer Endorsements. In Proceedings of The 2022 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences, IMX 2022 (Pp. 175–192). Assoc Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3505284.3529962LiuF.LeeY.-H.2022Unveiling Behind-the-Scenes Human Interventions and Examining Source Orientation in Virtual Influencer EndorsementsInProceedings of The 2022 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences, IMX 2022175192Assoc Computing Machineryhttps://doi.org/10.1145/3505284.3529962Search in Google Scholar
Liu, F., & Lee, Y.-H. (2024). Virtually authentic: Examining the match-up hypothesis between human vs virtual influencers and product types. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 33(2): 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-03-2023-4418LiuF.LeeY.-H.2024Virtually authentic: Examining the match-up hypothesis between human vs virtual influencers and product typesJournal of Product and Brand Management332287299https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-03-2023-4418Search in Google Scholar
Liyanaarachchi, G., Mifsud, M., & Viglia, G. (2024). Virtual influencers and data privacy: Introducing the multi-privacy paradox. Journal of Business Research, 176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114584LiyanaarachchiG.MifsudM.VigliaG.2024Virtual influencers and data privacy: Introducing the multi-privacy paradoxJournal of Business Research176https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114584Search in Google Scholar
Mavric, B., Öğretmenoğlu, M., & Akova, O. (2021). Bibliometric Analysis of Slow Tourism. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 9(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.794656MavricB.ÖğretmenoğluM.AkovaO.2021Bibliometric Analysis of Slow TourismAdvances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR)91Article 1. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.794656Search in Google Scholar
Melnychuk, H.-A., Arasli, H., & Nevzat, R. (2024). How to engage and attract virtual influencers' followers: A new non-human approach in the age of influencer marketing. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 42(3): 393–417. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-06-2023-0251MelnychukH.-A.ArasliH.NevzatR.2024How to engage and attract virtual influencers' followers: A new non-human approach in the age of influencer marketingMarketing Intelligence & Planning423393417https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-06-2023-0251Search in Google Scholar
Mirowska, A., & Arsenyan, J. (2023). Sweet escape: The role of empathy in social media engagement with human versus virtual influencers. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103008MirowskaA.ArsenyanJ.2023Sweet escape: The role of empathy in social media engagement with human versus virtual influencersInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies174https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103008Search in Google Scholar
Miyake, E. (2023). I am a virtual girl from Tokyo: Virtual influencers, digital-orientalism and the (Im)materiality of race and gender. Journal of Consumer Culture, 23(1): 209–228. https://doi.org/10.1177/14695405221117195MiyakeE.2023I am a virtual girl from Tokyo: Virtual influencers, digital-orientalism and the (Im)materiality of race and genderJournal of Consumer Culture231209228https://doi.org/10.1177/14695405221117195Search in Google Scholar
Mouritzen, S. L. T., Penttinen, V., & Pedersen, S. (2024). Virtual influencer marketing: The good, the bad and the unreal. European Journal of Marketing, 58(2): 410–440. EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-12-2022-0915MouritzenS. L. T.PenttinenV.PedersenS.2024Virtual influencer marketing: The good, the bad and the unrealEuropean Journal of Marketing582410440EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-12-2022-0915Search in Google Scholar
Muniz, F., Stewart, K., & Magalhaes, L. (2023). Are they humans or are they robots? The effect of virtual influencer disclosure on brand trust. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2271MunizF.StewartK.MagalhaesL.2023Are they humans or are they robots? The effect of virtual influencer disclosure on brand trustJournal of Consumer Behaviourhttps://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2271Search in Google Scholar
Na, Y., Kim, Y., & Lee, D. (2023). Investigating the Effect of Self-Congruity on Attitudes toward Virtual Influencers: Mediating the Effect of Emotional Attachment. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 40(18): 5534–5547. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2238365NaY.KimY.LeeD.2023Investigating the Effect of Self-Congruity on Attitudes toward Virtual Influencers: Mediating the Effect of Emotional AttachmentInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction401855345547https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2238365Search in Google Scholar
Park, G., Nan, D., Park, E., Kim, K. J., Han, J., & del Pobil, A. P. (2021). Computers as Social Actors? Examining How Users Perceive and Interact with Virtual Influencers on Social Media. In S. Lee, H. Choo, & R. Ismail (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM 2021). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMCOM51814.2021.9377397ParkG.NanD.ParkE.KimK. J.HanJ.del PobilA. P.2021Computers as Social Actors? Examining How Users Perceive and Interact with Virtual Influencers on Social MediaInLeeS.ChooH.IsmailR.(Eds.),Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM 2021)IEEEhttps://doi.org/10.1109/IMCOM51814.2021.9377397Search in Google Scholar
Park, S. (Steven), Wei, X., & Lee, H. (2023). Revisiting the elaboration likelihood model in the context of a virtual influencer: A comparison between high- and low-involvement products. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2290ParkS. (Steven)WeiX.LeeH.2023Revisiting the elaboration likelihood model in the context of a virtual influencer: A comparison between high- and low-involvement productsJournal of Consumer Behaviourhttps://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2290Search in Google Scholar
Park, S., & Sung, Y. (2023). The Interplay Between Human Likeness and Agency on Virtual Influencer Credibility. Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking, 16(10): 764–771. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2023.0060ParkS.SungY.2023The Interplay Between Human Likeness and Agency on Virtual Influencer CredibilityCyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking1610764771https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2023.0060Search in Google Scholar
Pavlić, I. (2024). Electrodermal Activity in Tourism Research – Bibliometric Analysis. International Journal of Marketing Science, 7(1): 99–116.PavlićI.2024Electrodermal Activity in Tourism Research – Bibliometric AnalysisInternational Journal of Marketing Science7199116Search in Google Scholar
Qu, Y., & Baek, E. (2024). Let virtual creatures stay virtual: Tactics to increase trust in virtual influencers. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 18(1): 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-09-2022-0280QuY.BaekE.2024Let virtual creatures stay virtual: Tactics to increase trust in virtual influencersJournal of Research in Interactive Marketing18191108https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-09-2022-0280Search in Google Scholar
Rizzo, G. L. C., Berger, J., & Ordenes, F. V. (2023). Why You Should Give Your Virtual Influencer a Friend. Harvard Business Review, 101(9–10): 26–28.RizzoG. L. C.BergerJ.OrdenesF. V.2023Why You Should Give Your Virtual Influencer a FriendHarvard Business Review1019–102628Search in Google Scholar
Robinson, B. (2020). Towards an Ontology and Ethics of Virtual Influencers. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 24. https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v24i0.2807RobinsonB.2020Towards an Ontology and Ethics of Virtual InfluencersAustralasian Journal of Information Systems24https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v24i0.2807Search in Google Scholar
Sainato, M. (2024, March 4). AI-generated images of Trump with Black voters being spread by supporters. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/04/trump-ai-generated-images-black-voters (8.7.2025).SainatoM.2024March4AI-generated images of Trump with Black voters being spread by supporters. The GuardianAvailable at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/04/trump-ai-generated-images-black-voters (8.7.2025).Search in Google Scholar
Sindhu, P., & Bharti, K. (2020). Mapping customer experience: A taxonomical study using bibliometric visualization. Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 51(4): 592–617. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-11-2019-0178SindhuP.BhartiK.2020Mapping customer experience: A taxonomical study using bibliometric visualizationJournal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems514592617https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-11-2019-0178Search in Google Scholar
Singh, V. K., Singh, P., Karmakar, M., Leta, J., & Mayr, P. (2021). The journal coverage of Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions: A comparative analysis. Scientometrics, 126(6): 5113–5142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-03948-5SinghV. K.SinghP.KarmakarM.LetaJ.MayrP.2021The journal coverage of Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions: A comparative analysisScientometrics126651135142https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-03948-5Search in Google Scholar
Sookkaew, J., & Saephoo, P. (2021). “Digital Influencer”: Development and Coexistence with Digital Social Groups. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 12(12): 326–332.SookkaewJ.SaephooP.2021“Digital Influencer”: Development and Coexistence with Digital Social GroupsInternational Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications1212326332Search in Google Scholar
Stein, J.-P., Breves, P. L., & Anders, N. (2022). Parasocial interactions with real and virtual influencers: The role of perceived similarity and human-likeness. New Media & Society, 26(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221102900SteinJ.-P.BrevesP. L.AndersN.2022Parasocial interactions with real and virtual influencers: The role of perceived similarity and human-likenessNew Media & Society266https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221102900Search in Google Scholar
Suprawan, L., & Pojanavatee, S. (2022). What Causes Social Media Users to Engage and Mimic Virtual Influencers? The Role of Self-Congruity. Innovative Marketing, 18(4): 148–160. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.18(4).2022.13SuprawanL.PojanavateeS.2022What Causes Social Media Users to Engage and Mimic Virtual Influencers? The Role of Self-CongruityInnovative Marketing184148160https://doi.org/10.21511/im.18(4).2022.13Search in Google Scholar
Um, N. (2023). Predictors Affecting Effects of Virtual Influencer Advertising among College Students. Sustainability, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086388UmN.2023Predictors Affecting Effects of Virtual Influencer Advertising among College StudentsSustainability158https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086388Search in Google Scholar
Vila-Lopez, N., Kuster-Boluda, I., Mora-Perez, E., & Pascual-Riquelme, I. (2023). A bibliometric analysis of virtual influencers in the Web of Science. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 13: 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00262-2Vila-LopezN.Kuster-BoludaI.Mora-PerezE.Pascual-RiquelmeI.2023A bibliometric analysis of virtual influencers in the Web of ScienceJournal of Marketing Analytics13145161https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00262-2Search in Google Scholar
Xie-Carson, L., Benckendorff, P., & Hughes, K. (2023). Keep it #Unreal: Exploring Instagram Users' Engagement with Virtual Influencers in Tourism Contexts User engagement with virtual influencers. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 48(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480231180940Xie-CarsonL.BenckendorffP.HughesK.2023Keep it #Unreal: Exploring Instagram Users' Engagement with Virtual Influencers in Tourism Contexts User engagement with virtual influencersJournal of Hospitality & Tourism Research486https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480231180940Search in Google Scholar
Xie-Carson, L., Magor, T., Benckendorff, P., & Hughes, K. (2023). All hype or the real deal? Investigating user engagement with virtual influencers in tourism. Tourism Management, 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104779Xie-CarsonL.MagorT.BenckendorffP.HughesK.2023All hype or the real deal? Investigating user engagement with virtual influencers in tourismTourism Management99https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104779Search in Google Scholar
Yap, Y. R., & Ismail, N. (2022). Factors of virtual influencer marketing influencing Generation Y consumers' purchase intention in Malaysia. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 17(3–4): 437–458. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIMA.2022.10048839YapY. R.IsmailN.2022Factors of virtual influencer marketing influencing Generation Y consumers' purchase intention in MalaysiaInternational Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising173–4437458https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIMA.2022.10048839Search in Google Scholar
Yi, M. R., & Lee, H. (2023). A Study on the Regulatory Fit Effects of Influencer Types and Message Types. International International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 40(18), 5161–5173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2232213YiM. R.LeeH.2023A Study on the Regulatory Fit Effects of Influencer Types and Message TypesInternational International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction401851615173https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2232213Search in Google Scholar
Yu, J., Dickinger, A., So, K. K. F., & Egger, R. (2024). Artificial intelligence-generated virtual influencer: Examining the effects of emotional display on user engagement. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103560YuJ.DickingerA.SoK. K. F.EggerR.2024Artificial intelligence-generated virtual influencer: Examining the effects of emotional display on user engagementJournal of Retailing and Consumer Services76https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103560Search in Google Scholar
Zelenskaya, M., & Rundle-Thiele, S. (2022). Wildlife Watcher Kylie: Co-designing a virtual ambassador for the Koala Watch programme. Studies in Australasian Cinema, 16(2–3): 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/17503175.2022.2148413ZelenskayaM.Rundle-ThieleS.2022Wildlife Watcher Kylie: Co-designing a virtual ambassador for the Koala Watch programmeStudies in Australasian Cinema162–393108https://doi.org/10.1080/17503175.2022.2148413Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, L., & Ren, J. (2022). Virtual Influencers: The Effects of Controlling Entity, Appearance Realism and Product Type on Advertising Effect. In G. Salvendy & J. Wei (Eds.), Design, Operation and Evaluation of Mobile Communications (13337: 298–305). Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05014-5_25ZhangL.RenJ.2022Virtual Influencers: The Effects of Controlling Entity, Appearance Realism and Product Type on Advertising EffectInSalvendyG.WeiJ.(Eds.),Design, Operation and Evaluation of Mobile Communications(13337: 298–305).Springer International Publishing AGhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05014-5_25Search in Google Scholar
Zhou, Q., Li, B., Li, H., & Lei, Y. (2024). Mere copycat? The effects of human versus human-like virtual influencers on brand endorsement effectiveness: A moderated serial-mediation model. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103610ZhouQ.LiB.LiH.LeiY.2024Mere copycat? The effects of human versus human-like virtual influencers on brand endorsement effectiveness: A moderated serial-mediation modelJournal of Retailing and Consumer Services76https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103610Search in Google Scholar
Zhou, X., Yan, X., & Jiang, Y. (2023). Making Sense? The Sensory-Specific Nature of Virtual Influencer Effectiveness. Journal of Marketing, 88(4): 84–106 https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429231203699ZhouX.YanX.JiangY.2023Making Sense? The Sensory-Specific Nature of Virtual Influencer EffectivenessJournal of Marketing88484106https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429231203699Search in Google Scholar