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<p>This paper focuses on the relationship between heat treatment temperature toward structural transformation from amorphous carbon to highly graphitic carbon material during a production stage.The following report discusses a simple strategy to convert the palm kernel shell (PKS) into highly crystalline, high quality graphite via simple two-step process. The production involves impregnation of catalyst followed by thermal treatment. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy allowed the observation of microstructural change of the prepared sample at temperature ranging from 1000°C to 1400°C using Ferum catalyst. From XRD pattern it can be observed that as graphitization temperature increased, the degree of graphitization also increased. Overall sample prepared at higher temperature 1400°C shows a higher degree of graphitization. PKS sample graphitized at 1400°C with the aid of Ferum catalyst shows a sharp intensified peak at 2θ = 26.5° reflecting formation of highly crystalline graphite structure. Raman spectrum also suggests similar results to XRD in which PKS-1400 shows the presence of large amount of graphitic structure as the value of (Id/Ig) ratio is lower than in other samples. HRTEM analysis visibly shows define lattice fringe, which further confirms the structural transformation from amorphous to highly ordered graphitic carbon structure. Overall, good quality graphitic carbon structure from Palm Kernel shell was succesfully synthesised via utilization of PKS, Ferum catalsyt and heat treatment method.</p>
</abstract>

This paper focuses on the relationship between heat treatment temperature toward structural transformation from amorphous carbon to highly graphitic carbon material during a production stage.The following report discusses a simple strategy to convert the palm kernel shell (PKS) into highly crystalline, high quality graphite via simple two-step process. The production involves impregnation of catalyst followed by thermal treatment. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy allowed the observation of microstructural change of the prepared sample at temperature ranging from 1000°C to 1400°C using Ferum catalyst. From XRD pattern it can be observed that as graphitization temperature increased, the degree of graphitization also increased. Overall sample prepared at higher temperature 1400°C shows a higher degree of graphitization. PKS sample graphitized at 1400°C with the aid of Ferum catalyst shows a sharp intensified peak at 2θ = 26.5° reflecting formation of highly crystalline graphite structure. Raman spectrum also suggests similar results to XRD in which PKS-1400 shows the presence of large amount of graphitic structure as the value of (Id/Ig) ratio is lower than in other samples. HRTEM analysis visibly shows define lattice fringe, which further confirms the structural transformation from amorphous to highly ordered graphitic carbon structure. Overall, good quality graphitic carbon structure from Palm Kernel shell was succesfully synthesised via utilization of PKS, Ferum catalsyt and heat treatment method.

The effect of changing graphitization temperature toward bio-graphite from Palm Kernel Shell

Department of Chemical Engineering Section

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET)

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Production Engineering Archives

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This paper focuses on the relationship between heat treatment temperature toward structural transformation from amorphous carbon to highly graphitic carbon...

The effect of changing graphitization temperature toward bio-graphite from Palm Kernel Shell

Publié en ligne: 12 juin 2021

Pages: 124 - 129

Reçu: 04 mars 2021

Accepté: 14 juin 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2021.27.16

Mots clés
Production of Graphite, Graphitic carbon material, Quality of graphite

© 2021 Rapidah Othman et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The effect of changing graphitization temperature toward bio-graphite from Palm Kernel Shell

Publié en ligne: 12 juin 2021

Pages: 124 - 129

Reçu: 04 mars 2021

Accepté: 14 juin 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2021.27.16

Mots clésProduction of Graphite, Graphitic carbon material, Quality of graphite

© 2021 Rapidah Othman et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Mots clés
Production of Graphite, Graphitic carbon material, Quality of graphite