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Use of Biomonitoring Tools to Detect Water Quality-Dependent Ecosystem (Macroinvertebrate) Responses in Lentic Systems: The Examples of Lakes İznik and Manyas, Türkiye

Deniz Mercan
Deniz Mercan
 et 
Naime Arslan
Naime Arslan
   | 20 mars 2023
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Article Category: Original research paper
Publié en ligne: 20 mars 2023
Pages: 79 - 89
Reçu: 05 sept. 2022
Accepté: 12 janv. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.1.06
© 2023 Deniz Mercan et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Geographical locations of Lakes İznik and Manyas, and sampling stations in lakes
Geographical locations of Lakes İznik and Manyas, and sampling stations in lakes

Results for all measured parameters, final classification of parameters, and values of biological and diversity indices in Lakes İznik and Manyas

Lake İznik Lake Manyas SWQMR Classification
I1 I2 I3 M1 M2 M3 Class I Class II Class III
Water temperature (°C) 16.20 17.40 16.80 15.40 19.30 18.90
pH 7.80 7.90 8.00 7.40 7.60 7.90 6-9 6-9 6-9
Conductivity (µS cm−1) 820 720 850 320 425 390 <400 1000 >1000
Dissolved oxygen (mg O2 l−1) 6.20 7.30 8.10 4.50 5.25 5.75 >8 6 <6
Biological oxygen demand (mg l−1) 14.60 11.20 7.96 16.50 18.23 15.32 <4 8 >8
Ammonium nitrogen (mg NH4+-N l−1) 0.19 0.18 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.08 <0.2 1 >1
Nitrate nitrogen (mg NO3−-N l−1) 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.13 0.15 0.13 <3 10 >10
Total phosphorus (mg P l−1) 0.09 0.17 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.09 <0.08 0.2 >0.2
Bacteriological Parameters
Total fecal coliforms 200 200 200 460-1100 >1100 460-1100
Total coliforms 20000 20000 20000 50000-90000 >95000 50000-90000
Metrics and Indices
Abundance (ind. m−2) 282.00 226.00 126.00 304.00 136.00 107.00
Number of taxa 21.00 23.00 21.00 14.00 17.00 10.00
Average score per taxon 5.06(II-sp) 4.95(III-mp) 5.00(II-sp) 4.00(III-mp) 4.79(III-mp) 4.13(III-mp)
BMWP score 80.00(II-si) 85.00(II-si) 81.00(II-si) 43.00(III-mi) 63.00(III-mi) 28.00(IV-pi)
Shannon-Wiener index 2.75 2.65 2.89 1.84 2.22 1.66
Margalef index 3.55 4.06 4.14 2.27 3.26 1.93
Evenness 0.90 0.85 0.95 0.70 0.78 0.72
EPT (%) 30.85 30.53 22.22 7.24 9.56 1.87
Chironomidae (%) 18.09 6.19 16.67 17.11 14.71 15.89
Oligochaeta (%) 8.16 20.35 6.35 47.70 41.18 51.40

Sampling site details, benthic macroinvertebrate community structures and average dominance, and mean dominance values in Lake İznik and Lake Manyas. Mineral substratum: m – mud; s – sand; p – stones. Vegetation: sa – small aquatic plants; r – reeds.

Station Lake İznik Lake Manyas
I1 I2 I3 M1 M2 M3
Latitude and longitude coordinates(X-Y) 29.357483-40.443298 29.541077-40.433289 29.692871-40.436279 27.934875-40.183716 27.989685-40.195923 28.035095-40.226685
Depth (m) 3 6 2.4 2 4 1
Vegetation sa, r - sa sa, r - sa, r
Substratum m, p m m,s m,s m m,s
Dominance % Mean dominance % Dominance % Mean dominance %
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda (total) 18.8 15.04 17.46 17.10 8.23 6.62 6.54 7.13
Subclass: Pulmonata
Lymnaeidae 4.26 1.77 4.76 3.60 1.32 1.47 - 0.93
Physidae 6.03 3.54 5.56 1.40 6.91 3.68 5.61 0.31
Subclass: Prosobranchia
Hydrobiidae - 1.77 2.38 5.00 - - 0.93 5.40
Valvatidae 8.51 7.96 4.76 7.10 - 1.47 - 0.49
Class: Bivalvia
Dreissenidae - 5.31 5.56 3.60 9.21 6.62 8.41 8.08
Phylum: Annelida
Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Oligochaeta
Naididae 6.12 5.15 4.23 5.20 20.6 15.18 30.40 22.06
Tubificidae 2.04 15.2 2.12 6.50 27.1 26.00 21.00 24.70
Subclass: Hirudinea
Erpobdellidae - - - - 1.64 - 6.54 2.73
Class: Insecta
Order: Ephemeroptera (total) 28.01 29.64 19.84 25.83 5.26 9.56 1.87 5.56
Caenidae 5.67 7.96 6.35 6.70 2.96 - - 0.99
Baetidae 19.86 19.03 11.90 16.90 2.30 8.09 - 3.46
Heptageniidae 2.48 - 1.59 1.40 - 1.47 - 0.49
Ephemerellidae - 2.65 - 0.90 - - 1.87 0.62
Order: Odonata (total) 5.32 10.17 15.87 10.45 2.30 5.89 3.74 3.98
Platycnemididae 2.84 5.31 3.17 3.80 1.97 2.21 3.74 2.64
Libellulidae 0.71 - 0.79 0.50 - 0.74 - 0.25
Coenagrionidae - 1.33 5.56 2.30 0.33 - - 0.11
Calopterygidae 1.77 0.88 6.35 3.00 - 2.94 - 0.98
Aeshnidae - 2.65 - 0.90 - - - -
Order: Hemiptera (total) 8.15 8.41 7.15 7.90 3.62 7.36 5.61 5.53
Gerridae 5.67 3.54 5.56 4.90 3.62 3.68 5.61 4.30
Micronectidae - 3.10 1.59 1.60 - - - -
Nepidae 2.48 1.77 - 1.40 - 3.68 - 1.23
Order: Coleoptera (total) 2.84 0.88 6.35 3.36
Dytiscidae 1.42 - 6.35 2.60 - - - -
Hydrophilidae 1.42 0.88 - 0.80 - - - -
Order: Diptera (total) 19.52 6.19 16.66 14.12 17.1 14.71 15.88 15.90
Chironomidae
Tanypodinae 8.87 - 2.38 3.70 - 4.41 - 1.47
Diamesinae 2.13 0.88 - 1.00 - - - -
Ortocladiinae 2.84 2.21 9.52 4.90 2.30 - 2.80 1.70
Chironominae 4.26 - 4.76 3.00 14.80 6.62 13.08 11.50
Tanytarsini - 3.10 - 1.00 - 3.68 - 1.23
Simuliidae 1.42 - - 0.50 - - - -
Order: Trichoptera (total) 2.84 0.88 2.38 2.00 1.97 - - 0.66
Hydropsychidae 2.84 - 2.38 1.70 1.97 - - 0.66
Hydroptilidae - 0.88 - 0.30 - - - -
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Isopoda
Asellidae - 1.33 - 0.40 2.96 2.94 - 1.97
Order: Amphipoda
Gammaridae 6.38 1.77 2.38 3.50 - 5.15 - 1.72
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