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Changes in the use of alcohol and tobacco in Slovenia during the first wave of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic

Sandra Radoš Krnel
Sandra Radoš Krnel
, 
Carolin Kilian
Carolin Kilian
, 
Marjetka Hovnik Keršmanc
Marjetka Hovnik Keršmanc
, 
Maja Roškar
Maja Roškar
 et 
Helena Koprivnikar
Helena Koprivnikar
   | 03 janv. 2022
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Article Category: Original scientific article
Publié en ligne: 03 janv. 2022
Pages: 6 - 13
Reçu: 19 mai 2021
Accepté: 13 sept. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2022-0003
Mots clés
© 2022 National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Changes in alcohol and tobacco use in the Slovenian sample (dark grey, N=495) and in respondents from other European countries (light grey, N=34,957). Presented are proportions in % with 95% confidence interval.
Changes in alcohol and tobacco use in the Slovenian sample (dark grey, N=495) and in respondents from other European countries (light grey, N=34,957). Presented are proportions in % with 95% confidence interval.

Multinomial regression analysis of changes in overall alcohol consumption in Slovenia.

Decrease vs. No change
 Increase vs. No change
RRR p 95% CI RRR p 95% CI
Gender (ref: men) 0.25 0.003 [0.10, 0.62] 0.85 0.743 [0.31, 2.31]
Age group (ref.: 18-34 years)
35-54 years 0.22 0.002 [0.09, 0.57] 1.16 0.801 [0.37, 3.57]
55+years 0.60 0.346 [0.20, 1.75] 1.34 0.678 [0.33, 5.44]
Change in day-to-day life (ref.: no or to some degree) 1.28 0.575 [0.54, 3.07] 1.88 0.262 [0.62, 5.68]
Distress due to financial loss (ref.: no or to some degree) 1.46 0.439 [0.56, 3.82] 4.16 0.011 [1.39, 12.43]

Descriptive statistics of respondents from Slovenia and the remaining European countries.

Mean response
 European countries
N weighted % (95% CI) N weighted % (95% CI)
Sex
Female 363 47.2 (39.1, 55.4) 24,368 50.5 (48.6, 52.3)
Male 130 52.0 (43.7, 60.1) 10,488 49.0 (47.2, 50.8)
Other 2 0.9 (0.1, 5.5) 101 0.5 (0.3, 0.9)
Age group
18-34 125 23.6 (17.8, 30.4) 11,818 30.6 (28.9, 32.3)
35-54 267 42.3 (34.5, 50.5) 16,938 43.9 (42.1, 45.8)
55+ 103 34.1 (26.0, 43.4) 6,201 25.5 (24.0, 27.1)
Education
Lower than high school 83 70.5 (64.9, 75.6) 10,586 55.0 (53.2, 56.8)
At least high school 412 29.5 (24.4, 35.1) 24,371 45.0 (43.2, 46.8)
Size of place of residence
Rural areas 188 43.7 (35.5, 52.3) 6,209 12.6 (11.4, 13.9)
Urban areas 307 56.3 (47.7, 64.5) 28,748 87.4 (86.1, 88.6)
Personal income
Low 182 45.2 (37.0, 53.6) 7,573 52.3 (50.5, 54.1)
Middle 252 46.4 (38.2, 54.7) 11,898 34.1 (32.5, 35.8)
High 61 8.5 (5.3, 13.2) 15,486 13.6 (12.6, 14.6)
Change in income
I do not know 8 3.8 (1.3, 10.7) 327 1.4 (1.0, 1.8)
Increase 61 12.5 (8.3, 18.3) 2,697 8.8 (7.9, 9.9)
No change 230 43.2 (35.2, 51.6) 23,136 53.7 (51.9, 55.6)
Decrease 196 40.5 (32.5, 48.9) 8,797 36.1 (34.3, 37.9)
Change in day-to-day life
No or only to some degree 164 43.9 (35.7, 52.4) 8,292 28.6 (26.8, 30.4)
At least to a substantial degree 331 56.1 (47.6, 64.3) 26,665 71.4 (69.6, 73.2)
Distress due to financial loss
No or only to some degree 397 77.1 (68.9, 83.6) 27,435 74.4 (72.8, 76.0)
At least to a substantial degree 98 22.9 (16.4, 31.1) 7,522 25.6 (24.0, 27.2)
Drinking status (past-year)
Abstainer 54 15.2 (9.5, 23.6) 3,550 16.5 (15.1, 18.0)
Drinker 441 84.8 (76.4, 90.5) 31,407 83.5 (82.0, 84.9)
AUDIT-C sum score

only among alcohol users, Slovenia: N=441, Europe: N=31,407; high-risk drinker: AUDIT-C sum score ≥8.
Low risk drinker 415 89.0 (80.9, 93.9) 27,811 81.8 (80.1, 83.3)
High risk drinker 26 11.0 (6.1, 19.1) 3,596 18.2 (16.7, 19.9)

Multinomial regression analysis of changes in tobacco use (outcome) in Slovenia.

Decrease vs. No change
 Increase vs. No change
RRR p 95% CI RRR p 95% CI
Gender (ref: men) 2.55 0.299 [0.44, 14.93] 1.79 0.418 [0.44; 7.31]
Age group (ref.: 18-34 years)
35-54 years 0.17 0.069 [0.03, 1.15] 0.19 0.055 [0.04; 1.03]
55+years 0.05 0.004 [0.01, 0.39] 0.11 0.019 [0.02; 0.70]
Change in day-to-day life (ref.: no or to some degree) 0.42 0.332 [0.07, 2.42] 0.46 0.306 [0.11; 2.02]
Distress due to financial loss (ref.: no or to some degree) 12.18 0.061 [0.57, 3.91] 25.33 0.001 [3.55; 180.70]
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