[
Alandete, D. (2018). “Russian public media spread Catalan pro-independence propaganda.” El Pais. January 2: https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2018/01/02/inenglish/1514877717_186245.html
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Aslund, A. (2021). “Confronting the Kremlin’s new hybrid war in Europe.” Project Syndicate: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/confronting-russian-hybrid-war-in-europe-by-anders-aslund-2021-11
]Search in Google Scholar
[
BBC. (2021). “Poland Border Crisis: EU to Widen Belarus Sanctions as Row Intensifies.” BBC November 15: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-59289998
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bayer, L. (2020). “Radio free Europe returns to fight fake news.” Politico. February 19: https://www.politico.eu/article/radio-free-europe-returns-to-fight-fake-news
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bechev, D. (2019). “Russia’s strategic interests and tools of influence in the Western Balkans.” Atlantic Council. December 20: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/russia-strategic-interests-and-tools-of-influence-in-the-western-balkans/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bechev, D. (2018). “Understanding Russia’s Influence in the Western Balkans.” Strategic Analysis. September 2018: http://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Strategic-Analysis-2018-9-Beshev-.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Benkler, Y. R. Faris, and H. Roberts. (2018). Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bennett, W. L. and S. Livingston. (2018). “The disinformation order: disruptive communication and the decline of democratic institutions.” European Journal of Communication 33(2): 122-139.10.1177/0267323118760317
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Boot, M. (2015). “Countering Hybrid Warfare.” Armed Conflict Survey 1, 1, 11-20.10.1080/23740973.2015.1041721
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Borrelli, S.S. (2017). “Boris Johnson: Russia behind coup plot, assassination attempt in Montenegro.” Politico, March 12: https://www.politico.eu/article/boris-johnson-russia-behind-coup-plot-assassination-attempt-in-montenegro/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dimishkovski, A. (2017). “Zoran Zaev, Macedonian lawmaker, is bloodied in attack on parliament by nationalists.” New York Times. April 27: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/27/world/europe/macedonia-parliament-attacked-nationalists.html
]Search in Google Scholar
[
E.U.-Lex. (2020). “Commission staff working document: North Macedonia 2020 report.” European Commission. October 6: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=SWD:2020:351:FIN
]Search in Google Scholar
[
E.U.-Lex. (2019). “Commission Staff Working Document. Kosovo 2019 Report.” European Commission. Brussels. May 29: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=SWD:2019:216:FIN
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eng, N. and E. Rumer. (2019). “Hybrid warfare: They’re missing the bigger picture.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. July 3: https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/07/03/west-fears-russia-s-hybrid-warfare.-they-re-missing-bigger-picture-pub-79412
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Parliament. (2021). “Mapping fake news and disinformation in the Western Balkans and identifying ways to combat them.” Policy Department for External Relations Directorate General for External Policies of the Union. February: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EXPO_STU(2020)653621
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Western Balkans. (2020). “Key findings of the 2020 European Commission report on Montenegro.” European Western Balkans. October 6: https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2020/10/06/key-findings-of-the-2020-european-commission-report-on-montenegro/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Flanagan, S.J., J. Osburg, A. Binnendijk, M. Keep, A. Radin. (2019). “Deterring Russian aggression in the Baltic States through resilience and resistance.” RAND https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2700/RR2779/RAND_RR2779.pdf10.7249/RR2779
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fridman, O. (2018). Russian ‘Hybrid Warfare’: Resurgence and Politicization. London, UK: Hurst & Company, London.10.1093/oso/9780190877378.001.0001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Freedman, L.D. (2019). Ukraine and the Art of Strategy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Giles, K. (2019). “’Hybrid threats’: What can we learn from Russia?” Chatham House. Federal Academy of Policy. Security Policy Working Paper No. 16/2019.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hajdu, D. and K. Klingova. 2021. “GLOBSEC Vulnerability Index 2021: Evaluating susceptibility to foreign malign influence in 8 Central European & Western Balkan countries.” November 15: https://www.globsec.org/publications/the-globsec-vulnerability-index-evaluating-susceptibilityto-foreign-malign-influence-in-8-central-european-western-balkan-countries/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hoffman, F.G. (2007). Conflict in the 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars. Arlington, VA: Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hoffman, F.G. (2006). “Complex irregular warfare: The next revolution in military affairs.” Orbis 50, 3, 395–411.10.1016/j.orbis.2006.04.002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
International Crisis Group. (2019). “Rebels without a cause: Russia’s proxies in eastern Ukraine.” International Crisis Group. July 16: https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/eastern-europe/ukraine/254-rebels-without-cause-russias-proxies-eastern-ukraine
]Search in Google Scholar
[
International Telecommunications Union. (2020). “Global cybersecurity index.” ITU Publications. Development Sector. https://www.itu.int/epublications/publication/D-STR-GCI.01-2021-HTM-E/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Johnson, R. (2021). “Hybrid warfare and counter-coercion.” In The Conduct of War in the 21st Century: Kinetic, Connected and Synthetic, edited by R. Johnson, M. Kitzen, and T. Sweijs, pp. 45–57. London: Routledge, 2021.10.4324/9781003054269
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Joseph, E. (2020). “Trump has a fix for Kosovo. He’s ignoring it.” Foreign Policy. December 3: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/03/trump-has-a-fix-for-kosovo-hes-ignoring-it
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kerrane, E. (2020). “Russian insecurities: How fear drives perception in the near abroad.” Journal on Baltic Security 6, 1, 23–32.10.2478/jobs-2020-0004
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kilcullen, D. (2020). The Dragons and the Snakes: How the Rest Learned to Fight the West. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 141.10.1093/oso/9780190265687.001.0001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuczyński, G. (2019). “Russia’s Hybrid Warfare in the Western Balkans.” Warsaw Institute Review. March 26: https://warsawinstitute.org/russias-hybrid-warfare-western-balkans/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maravić, D. (2021). “Cybersecurity policy development and capacity building – Increasing regional cooperation in the Western Balkans.” High Level Regional Conference Cyber Resilience and Cybersecurity Capacity Building in the Western Balkans. Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance. Discussion Paper, Panel 2. March 3-5.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Marusic, S.J. (2020). “NATO to help North Macedonia combat fake news about virus.” Balkan Insight. April 15: https://balkaninsight.com/2020/04/15/nato-to-help-north-macedonia-combat-fake-news-about-virus/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Marwick, A. (2017). Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online. New York: Data & Society Research Institute. https://datasociety.net/library/media-manipulation-and-disinfo-online/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mattis, J.N. and F.G. Hoffman. (2005). “Future warfare: The rise of hybrid wars.” United States Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine 131, 11, 18–19.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ng, A. (2018). “Russia’s NotPetya the Most Destructive Cyberattack Evet.” CNET. February 15: https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/uk-said-russia-is-behind-destructive-2017-cyberattack-in-ukraine/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rademaker, M. and J. Perovska. (2019). “Strategic communications capability building in the Western Balkans.” HCSS Security, Hague: The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies https://hcss.nl/report/strategic-communications-capability-buildingwestern-balkans
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Regional Cooperation Council. (2021). “Balkan Barometer 2021: Public Opinion Annual Report.” Balkan Barometer. June 21: https://www.rcc.int/pubs/122/balkan-barometer-2021--public-opinion
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rufin, Z. (2020). “Risks and vulnerabilities in the Western Balkans.” NATO Strategic Communications Center of Excellence (STRATCOM). April: https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/risks-and-vulnerabilities-in-the-western-balkans/57
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Schwirtz, M. (2020). “Nerve agent was used to poison Navalny, chemical weapons body confirms.” New York Times. October 6, p. A15.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shopov, V. (2022). “Mapping China’s rise in the Western Balkans.” European Council on Foreign Relations. March: https://ecfr.eu/special/china-balkans/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Snyder, T. (2018). The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America. New York: Tim Duggan.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Solmaz, T. (2022). “’Hybrid Warfare’ One Term, Many Meanings.” Small Wars Journal. February: https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/hybrid-warfare-one-term-many-meanings
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Troianovski, A. (2021). “What is driving Putin’s Ukraine brinksmanship?” New York Times. December 5: A1.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Walker, C. (2018). “What is Sharp Power?” Journal of Democracy. 29 (3): 9-23.10.1353/jod.2018.0041
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wickenden, D. (2021). “How Alexey Navalny Survived an Assassination Attempt and Reignited Protests in Russia.” New Yorker January 28: https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/political-scene/how-alexey-navalny-survived-an-assassination-attempt-and-reignited-protests-in-russia
]Search in Google Scholar