[1. McCarty DJ. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease - nomenclature and diagnostic criteria. Ann Int Med. 1977 Aug; 87:240-242. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-87-2-24010.7326/0003-4819-87-2-240]Search in Google Scholar
[2. Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, Barskova V, Guerne PA, Jansen TL et al. European league against rheumatism recommendations for calcium pyrophosphate deposition. Part I: Terminology and diagnosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Apr;70(4):563-570. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.13910510.1136/ard.2010.139105]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Genant HK Roentgenographic aspects of calcium. pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease (pseudogout). Arthritis Rheum. 1976 May-Jun;19 (Suppl 3):307-28. DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(197605/06)19:3+<307::AIDART1780190705>3.0.CO;2-9]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Frediani B, Filippou G, Falsetti P, Lorenzini S, Baldi F, Acciai C et al. Diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease: Ultrasonographic criteria proposed. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Apr;64(4): 638-640. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.02410910.1136/ard.2004.024109]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Thouverey C, Bechkoff G, Pikula S, Buchet R. Inorganic pyrophosphate as a regulator of hydroxyapatite or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate mineral deposition by matrix vesicles. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2009 Jan;17(1):64-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.05.02010.1016/j.joca.2008.05.020]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Terkeltaub RA. What does cartilage calcification tell us about osteoarthritis? Journal of Rheumatology. 2002 Apr;29(3):411-5.]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Wilson PW, Kauppila LI, O’Donnel CJ, Kiel DP, Hannan M, Polak JM et al. Abdominal aortic calcific deposits are an important predictor of vascular morbidity and mortality. Circulation. 2001 Mar;103(11):1529-1534. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.103.11.152910.1161/01.CIR.103.11.1529]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Hofbauer LC, Schoppet M. Clinical implications of the osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK system for bone and vascular diseases. JAMA. 2004 Jul;28;292(4):490-495. DOI: 10.1001/jama.292.4.49010.1001/jama.292.4.490]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Von der Recke P, Hansen MA, Hassager C. The association between low bone mass at the menopause and cardiovascular mortality. Am J Med. 1999 Mar;106(3):273-8. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00028-510.1016/S0002-9343(99)00028-5]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Rutsch F, Nitschke Y,Terkeltaub R. Genetics in arterial calcification: Pieces of a puzzle and cogs in a wheel. Circ Res. 2011 Aug;109:578-592. DOI: 10.1161/CIR-CRESAHA.111.247965]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Cailotto F, Bianchi A, Sebillaud S, Venkatesan N, Moulin D, Jouzeau JY et al. Inorganic pyrophosphate generation by transforming growth factor-beta-1 is mainly dependent on ANK induction by Ras/Raf-1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways in chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;9(6):R12. DOI: 10.1186/ar233010.1186/ar2330224624118034874]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Wu M, Rementer C, Giachelli CM. Vascular calcification: An update on mechanisms and challenges in treatment. Calcif Tissue Int. 2013 Oct; 93(4):365-373. DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9712-z10.1007/s00223-013-9712-z371435723456027]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Abhishek A, Doherty S, Maciewicz R, Muir K, Zhang W, Doherty M et al. The association between ANKH promoter polymorphism and chondrocalcinosis is independent of age and osteoarthritis: Results of a case-control study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014 Jan;16(1):R25. DOI: 10.1186/ar445310.1186/ar4453397885124467728]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Rutsch F, Terkeltaub R. Parallels between arterial and cartilage calcification: what understanding artery calcification can teach us about chondrocalcinosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2003 May; 15(3):302-310. DOI: 10.1097/00002281-200305000-0001910.1097/00002281-200305000-0001912707585]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Rutsch F, Terkeltaub R. Deficiencies of physiologic calcification inhibitors and low-grade inflammation in arterial calcification: lessons for cartilage calcification. Joint Bone Spine. 2005 Mar;72(2):110-118. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.05.01410.1016/j.jbspin.2004.05.01415797489]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Addison WN, Azari F, Sørensen ES, Kaartinen MT, McKee MD. Pyrophosphate inhibits mineralization of osteoblast cultures by binding to mineral, up-regulating osteopontin, and inhibiting alkaline phosphatase activity. J Biol Chem. 2007 May;282(21):15872-83. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M70111620010.1074/jbc.M70111620017383965]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Chang CC, Tsai YH, Liu Y, Lin SY, Liang YC. Calcium-containing crystals enhance receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/macrophage colonystimulating factor-mediated osteoclastogenesis via extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and p38 pathways. Rheumatol. 2015 Mar;54(10):1913-22. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev10710.1093/rheumatology/kev10725998451]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Cheung HS, Sallis JD, Demadis KD, Wierzbicki A. Phosphocitrate blocks calcification-induced articular joint degeneration in a guinea pig model. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Aug;54(8):2452-61. DOI: 10.1002/art.2201710.1002/art.2201716869019]Search in Google Scholar
[19. McCarthy GM, Dunne A. Calcium crystal deposition diseases - beyond gout. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;14(10),592-602. DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0078-510.1038/s41584-018-0078-530190520]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Bucay N, Sarosi I, Dunstan CR, Morony S, Tarpley J, Capparelli C et al. Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification. Genes Dev. 1998 May;12(9):1260-8. DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.9.126010.1101/gad.12.9.12603167699573043]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Abhishek A, Doherty S, Maciewicz R, Muir K, Zhang W, Doherty M. Evidence of a systemic predisposition to chondrocalcinosis and association between chondrocalcinosis and osteoarthritis at distant joints: A cross-sectional study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 Jul; 65(7):1052-8. DOI: 10.1002/acr.2195210.1002/acr.2195223335553]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Bailey AJ, Mansell JP, Sims TJ, Banse X. Biochemical and mechanical properties of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis. Biorheology. 2004;41(3-4):349-58.]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Garnero P, Piperno M, Gineyts E, Christgau S, Delmas PD, Vignon E . Cross sectional evaluation of biochemical markers of bone, cartilage, and synovial tissue metabolism in patients with knee osteoarthritis: Relations with disease activity and joint damage. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001 Jun; 60(6):619-26. DOI: 10.1136/ard.60.6.61910.1136/ard.60.6.619175366611350852]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Swan A, Amer H, Dieppe P. The value of synovial fluid assays in the diagnosis of joint disease: a literature survey. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002 Jun;61(6):493-8. DOI: 10.1136/ard.61.6.49310.1136/ard.61.6.493175413512006320]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Kanis JA. An update on the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Current Rheumatol Rep. 2002 Feb;2(1): 62-66. DOI: 10.1007/s11926-996-0070-y10.1007/s11926-996-0070-y]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Kauppila LI, Polak JF, Cupples LA, Hannan MT, Kiel DP, Wilson PW. New indices to classify location, severity and progression of calcific lesions in the abdominal aorta: A 25-year follow-up study. Atherosclerosis. 1997 Jul;132(2): 245-250. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00106-810.1016/S0021-9150(97)00106-8]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Cannata-Andia JB, Roman-Garcia P, Hruska K . The connections between vascular calcification and bone health. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011 Nov; 26(11):3429-3436 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr59110.1093/ndt/gfr591417605522039012]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Doherty M. Association between low cortical bone mineral density, soft-tissue calcification, vascular calcification and chondrocalcinosis: a case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Nov;73(11):1997-2002. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-20340010.1136/annrheumdis-2013-20340023912799]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Kleiber Balderrama C, Rosenthal AK, Lans D, Singh JA, Bartels CM. Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease and associated medical comorbidities: A national cross-sectional study of us veterans. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Sep; 69(9):1400-1406. DOI: 10.1002/acr.2316010.1002/acr.23160547249127898996]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Hardcastle SA, Dieppe P, Gregson CL, Arden NK, Spector TD, Hart DJ, Edwards MH et al. Individuals with high bone mass have an increased prevalence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Bone. 2015 Feb; 71:171-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.10.01510.1016/j.bone.2014.10.015428991525445455]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Neame RL, Carr AJ, Muir K, Doherty M. UK community prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis: Evidence that correlation with osteoarthritis is through a shared association with osteophyte. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Jun;62(6):513-518. DOI: 10.1136/ard.62.6.51310.1136/ard.62.6.513175457912759286]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Garg MK, Kharb S. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: Pitfalls in measurement and interpretation of bone mineral density. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Mar; 17(2),203-10 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.10965910.4103/2230-8210.109659368319223776890]Search in Google Scholar
[33. Ichchou L, Allali F, Rostom S, Bennani L, Hmamouchi I, Abourazzak FZ et al. Relationship between spine osteoarthritis, bone mineral density and bone turn over markers in post menopausal women. BMC Womens Health. 2010 Aug;10:25. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-10-2510.1186/1472-6874-10-25292425220691114]Search in Google Scholar
[34. Pawlotsky Y, Massart C, Guggenbuhl P, Albert JD, Perdriger A, Meadeb Jet al. Elevated parathyroid hormone 44-68 in idiopathic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. Role of menopause and iron metabolism? J Rheumatol 2008 Feb;35(2):315-318.]Search in Google Scholar
[35. Mosekilde L. Primary hyperparathyroidism and the skeleton. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008 Jul;69(1):1-19. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03162.x10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03162.x18167138]Search in Google Scholar
[36. Ramonda R, Musacchio E, Perissinotto E, Sartori L, Punzi L, Corti MC et al. Prevalence of chondrocalcinosis in Italian subjects from northeastern Italy. The Pro. V. A. (PROgetto Veneto Anziani) study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009 Nov-Dec;27(6):981-4.]Search in Google Scholar
[37. Singh S, Kumar D, Lal AK. Serum osteocalcin as a diagnostic biomarker for primary osteoporosis in women. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2015 Aug; 9(8):RC04-RC07. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14857.631810.7860/JCDR/2015/14857.6318]Search in Google Scholar
[38. Jabbar S, Drury J, Fordham JN, Datta HK, Francis RM, Tuck SP. Osteoprotegerin, RANKL and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Pathol. 2011 Apr;64(4):354-357. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2010.08659510.1136/jcp.2010.086595]Search in Google Scholar
[39. Kawana K, Takahashi M, Hoshino H, Kushida K. Comparison of serum and urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in aging, menopause and osteoporosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2012 Feb;316(1-2):109-115. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00742-210.1016/S0009-8981(01)00742-2]Search in Google Scholar
[40. Sandor R, Leucuta D, Dronca E, Niculae A, Cret V, Silaghi C et al. Low Serum Paraoxonase-1 Lactonase and Arylesterase Activities in Obese Children and Adolescents. Rev Romana Med Lab. 2015 Dec;23(4):385-95. DOI: 10.1515/rrlm-2015-003810.1515/rrlm-2015-0038]Search in Google Scholar