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Fractional Current Flow in the Subsurface Using Electrical Resistivity Method: A Laboratory Approach

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Figure 1

Electric field lines and equipotential surfaces on the surface of a uniform half-space around a single electrode: (A) hemispheric equipotential surfaces, (B) radially outward field lines around a source, and (C) radially inward field lines around a sink [19].
Electric field lines and equipotential surfaces on the surface of a uniform half-space around a single electrode: (A) hemispheric equipotential surfaces, (B) radially outward field lines around a source, and (C) radially inward field lines around a sink [19].

Figure 2

General resistivity measurement method of four electrodes
General resistivity measurement method of four electrodes

Figure 3

Schlumberger array for resistivity measurement, consisting of a pair of current electrodes (A, B) and a pair of potential electrodes (M, N).
Schlumberger array for resistivity measurement, consisting of a pair of current electrodes (A, B) and a pair of potential electrodes (M, N).

Figure 4

The laboratory setup of three soil layers in a container
The laboratory setup of three soil layers in a container

Figure 5

Resistivity measurement of soil layers against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the first arrangement.
Resistivity measurement of soil layers against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the first arrangement.

Figure 6

Resistivity measurement (repeated) of soil layers against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the first arrangement.
Resistivity measurement (repeated) of soil layers against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the first arrangement.

Figure 7

Resistivity measurement of soil layers against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the second arrangement.
Resistivity measurement of soil layers against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the second arrangement.

Figure 8

Resistivity measurement (repeated) of soil layers against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the second arrangement.
Resistivity measurement (repeated) of soil layers against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the second arrangement.

Figure 9

Resistivity measurement of soil layers in a container against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the third arrangement.
Resistivity measurement of soil layers in a container against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the third arrangement.

Figure 10

Resistivity measurement (repeated) of soil layers in a container against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the third arrangement.
Resistivity measurement (repeated) of soil layers in a container against electrode spacing (AB/2) for the third arrangement.