Looking through the imaging perspective: the importance of imaging necrosis in glioma diagnosis and prognostic prediction – single centre experience

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Participant demographic findings

Parameters	Type	Imaging necrosis		Sum	t/χ2b	p
		Negative n (%)	Positive n (%)
Age (n = 150)	-	40.54±11.08 (n = 54)	50.39±12.47 (n = 96)	-	−4.829&	p < 0.001
Sex (n = 150)	male	36(66.67)	68(70.83)	104	0.282	0.595
	female	18(33.33)	28(29.17)	46
IDH (n = 144)	wildtype	17(32.08)	69(75.82)	86	26.649	p < 0.001
	mutant	36(67.92)	22(24.18)	58
1p19q (n = 109)	non-codeletion	23(51.11)	55(85.94)	78	15.746	p < 0.001
	codeletion	22(48.89)	9(14.06)	31
CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion (n = 63)	non-deletion	38(100.00)	20(80.00)	58	5.745b	0.017*
	deletion	0(0.00)	5(20.00)	5
EGFR amplification (n = 81)	non-amplification	8(66.67)	45(65.22)	53	0.054a	0.817
	amplification	4(33.33)	24(34.78)	28
chr7 gain/10 loss (n = 26)	negative	10(83.33)	13(92.86)	23	0.552b	0.457
	positive	2(16.67)	1(7.14)	3
Grade (n = 119)	high-grade	6(16.22)	70(85.37)	76	52.828	p < 0.001
	low-grade	31(83.78)	12(14.63)	43
WHO grade (n = 119)	WHO grade 2	26(70.27)	4(4.88)	30	62.664a	p < 0.001
	WHO grade 3	5(13.51)	8(9.76)	13
	WHO grade 4	6(16.22)	70(85.37)	76
Integrated histo-molecular diagnoses (n = 116)	Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-deleted	17(45.95)	7(8.86)	24	41.238	p < 0.001
	Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant	15(40.54)	12(15.19)	27
	Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype	5(13.51)	60(75.95)	65

Representative results of non-parametric tests and ROC analyses between DCE-related data for gliomas with or without pathological necrosis/imaging necrosis

Parameter	p	AUC (95% CI)	Sensitivity	Specificity	Cut-off
Panecrosis
Tumor-ktrans-Mean	< 0.001	0.824 (0.711 ~0.936)	0.94	0.625	0.07
Edema-ktrans-Mean	0.031*	0.655 (0.527 ~ 0.783)	0.833	0.46	0.03
Tumor-ve-Mean	< 0.001	0.891 (0.788 ~ 0.995)	0.96	0.833	0.17
Edema-ve-Mean	0.002**	0.728 (0.613 ~ 0.842)	0.34	1	0.16
Tumor-kep-Mean	< 0.001	0.872 (0.761 ~ 0.983)	0.833	0.86	2.48
Tumor-iauc-Mean	< 0.001	0.899 (0.803 ~ 0.996)	1	0.75	0.07
Imnecrosis
Tumor-ktrans-Mean	< 0.001	0.856 (0.772 ~ 0.939)	0.877	0.757	0.08
Tumor-ve-Mean	< 0.001	0.929 (0.872 ~ 0.986)	0.892	0.919	0.17
Edema-ve-Mean	0.005**	0.667 (0.558 ~ 0.776)	0.708	0.595	0.06
Tumor-kep-Mean	< 0.001	0.914 (0.857 ~ 0.971)	0.946	0.831	2.74
Tumor-iauc-Mean	< 0.001	0.909 (0.844 ~ 0.974)	0.8	0.946	0.13

Detailed clinical, imaging and pathological information of Only Imnecrosis group and Only Panecrosis group

Group	Grade	Sex	Age	OS (month)	IDH (0:wild; 1:mutant)	1p19q (0:non-codeletion; 1:codeletion)	CDKN2A/B (0:non-deletion; 1:deletion)	EGFR amplification (0:non-amplification; 1:amplification)	chr7 gain/10 loss (0:negative; 1:positive)	Pathology
Only Panecrosis group	WHO CNS grade 4	female	63	2.5	1	0	0	NA	NA	Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant
Only Panecrosis group	CNS WHO grade 4	female	55	20	0	0	NA	0	NA	Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype
Only Panecrosis group	CNS WHO grade 2	female	36	NA	1	1	0	NA	NA	Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-deleted
Only Panecrosis group	NA	female	34	NA	1	NA	NA	NA	NA	IDH-mutation, NOS
Only Imnecrosis group	CNS WHO grade 4	male	64	5	0	0	NA	1	NA	Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype
Only Imnecrosis group	CNS WHO grade 2	male	40	25	1	0	0	NA	NA	Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant
Only Imnecrosis group	CNS WHO grade 3	female	55	60.06	1	1	0	NA	NA	Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-deleted
Only Imnecrosis group	CNS WHO grade 2	male	26	5.39	1	0	0	0	0	Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant
Only Imnecrosis group	NQ	male	40	7.19	0	0	NA	0	NA	IDH-wildtype, NOS
Only Imnecrosis group	NA	male	28	19.68	0	0	NA	0	0	IDH-wildtype, NOS
Only Imnecrosis group	CNS WHO grade 3	male	26	34.42	1	0	0	NA	NA	Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant