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Assessment of Soil Characteristics Using a Three-Band Agricultural Digital Camera

Agnieszka Glinko
Agnieszka Glinko
, 
Cezary Kaźmierowski
Cezary Kaźmierowski
, 
Jan Piekarczyk
Jan Piekarczyk
 et 
Sławomir Królewicz
Sławomir Królewicz
   | 11 août 2022
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Publié en ligne: 11 août 2022
Pages: 127 - 140
Reçu: 08 juin 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2022-0029
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© 2022 Agnieszka Glinko et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Map of the study area.
Map of the study area.

Fig. 2

Correlation between soil parameters and spectral indices.
Correlation between soil parameters and spectral indices.

Fig. 3

Summary of graphs for soil parameters that achieved the desired values of R2 and rel-RMSE.
Summary of graphs for soil parameters that achieved the desired values of R2 and rel-RMSE.

Fig. 4

Summary of graphs showing the most important variables used to estimate soil properties.
Summary of graphs showing the most important variables used to estimate soil properties.

Measures of goodness-of-fit for soil characteristic estimations.

Parameter Unit MEAN SD Model pre-processing R2 RMSE Rel RMSE RPD RPIQ
Sand % 78.10 4.12 Cubist MSC 0.793 3 211 0.04 1.28 1.22
Silt % 16.87 3.63 Cubist MSC 0.886 1 704 0.10 2.13 1.35
Clay % 4.97 1.69 PLS ABS 0.043 1 634 0.33 1.03 1.22
SOC % 1.56 1.32 Cubist SNV 0.986 0.284 0.18 4.64 1.74
N % 0.14 0.15 Cubist RAW 0.980 0.031 0.21 4.92 1.12
C/N – 14.34 9.01 PLS SNV 0.018 9 100 0.63 1 0.54
pHH2O – 5.67 1.13 Cubist ABS 0.937 0.403 0.07 2.82 5.06
pHKCL – 5.18 1.24 Cubist ABS 0.934 0.438 0.08 2.82 5.28
CaCO3 vol % 0.87 2.03 Cubist min-max Norm 0.780 0.673 0.77 3.01 0.48
CaCO3 titr % 1.15 2.44 Cubist min-max Norm 0.871 0.694 0.61 3.52 0.84
CEC cmol kg−1 9.98 5.16 Cubist ABS 0.928 1 278 0.24 2.23 2.36
K mg kg−1 147.88 41.51 Cubist RAW 0.563 27 770 0.19 1.49 0.97
Mg mg kg−1 70.59 61.70 Cubist SNV 0.951 23 463 0.33 2.63 1.78
Ca mg kg−1 1504.29 2014.76 Cubist min-max Norm 0.924 735 515 0.49 2.74 3.86
Zn mg kg−1 9.06 3.07 PLS SNV 0.068 3 548 0.39 1.04 1.15
Cu mg kg−1 1.75 0.56 Cubist ABS 0.853 0.284 0.16 1.97 2.85
Pb mg kg−1 5.36 1.09 Cubist ABS 0.848 1 638 0.31 1.16 1.77
Cd mg kg−1 0.12 0.12 Cubist min-max Norm 0.836 0.052 0.42 2.26 3.13
Mn mg kg−1 73.22 17.93 Cubist min-max Norm 0.867 8 419 0.11 2.13 1.68
F mg kg−1 233.97 60.25 Cubist RAW 0.832 38 073 0.16 1.58 1.91
P mg kg−1 176.88 63.21 Cubist ABS 0.463 67 680 0.38 0.93 2.12

Summary of soil laboratory analyses.

Parameter Unit Min Mean Median Max SD
Sand % 61.00 78.10 79.00 85.00 4.12
Silt % 12.00 16.87 16.00 33.00 3.63
Clay % 1.00 4.97 5.00 8.00 1.69
SOC % 0.57 1.56 1.00 5.79 1.32
N % 0.01 0.14 0.08 0.82 0.15
C/N – 6.40 14.34 11.80 63.00 9.10
pHH2O – 4.00 5.67 5.15 7.67 1.13
pHKCL – 3.48 5.18 4.65 7.25 1.24
CaCO3 vol % 0.00 0.87 0.00 12.00 2.03
CaCO3 titr % 0.00 1.15 0.00 13.10 2.44
CEC cmol kg−1 5.46 9.98 7.99 27.28 5.16
K mg kg−1 29.30 147.88 147.60 409.50 41.51
Mg mg kg−1 16.30 70.59 47.70 314.80 61.70
Ca mg kg−1 32.60 1504.29 322.70 7424.60 2014.76
Zn mg kg−1 4.40 9.06 8.50 27.40 3.70
Cu mg kg−1 1.00 1.75 1.60 3.50 0.56
Pb mg kg−1 0.50 5.36 5.00 13.90 1.90
Cd mg kg−1 0.00 0.12 0.09 0.55 0.12
Mn mg kg−1 19.40 73.22 76.60 101.30 17.93
F mg kg−1 83.10 233.97 248.60 385.10 60.25
P mg kg−1 23.30 176.88 153.60 275.60 63.21

Summary of soil spectra.

RAW MSC SNV max-min NORM ABS
MEAN SD MEAN SD MEAN SD MEAN SD MEAN SD
GREEN 0.47 0.12 0.50 0.11 −0.34 0.32 0.44 0.19 0.35 0.13
RED 0.41 0.15 0.38 0.09 −0.74 0.17 0.52 0.23 0.43 0.21
NIR 0.81 0.29 0.81 0.02 1.08 0.17 0.33 0.15 0.13 0.20

Summary of spectral indices used in the study.

Spectral index Abbreviation Formula
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI NIR−REDNIR+RED {{NIR - RED} \over {NIR + RED}}
Green Normalized Fifference Vegetation Index GNDVI NIR−GREENNIR+GREEN {{NIR - GREEN} \over {NIR + GREEN}}
Green Normalized Fifference Vegetation Index normal GNDVInormal NIR−GREENNIR+GREEN2+1 {{NIR - GREEN} \over {{{NIR + GREEN} \over 2}}} + 1
Infrared Percentage Vegetation Index IPVI NIRNIR+RED {{NIR} \over {NIR + RED}}
Soil-adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI* NIR−REDNIR+RED+L×(1+L) {{NIR - RED} \over {NIR + RED + L}} \times (1 + L)
Radar Vegetation Index RVI NIRRED {{NIR} \over {RED}}
Green-Red Vegetation Index GRVI NIRGREEN {{NIR} \over {GREEN}}
eISSN:
2081-6383
Langue:
Anglais
Périodicité:
4 fois par an
Sujets de la revue:
Geosciences, Geography
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