The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Study of the Spanish Tourist Demand

González González, María Jesús; Vallejo-Pascual, María-Eva

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The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Study of the Spanish Tourist Demand

María Jesús González González

González González, María Jesús

et

María-Eva Vallejo-Pascual

Vallejo-Pascual, María-Eva

31 déc. 2018

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Quaestiones Geographicae

Édition 37 (2018): Edition 4 (Décembre 2018)

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Publié en ligne: 31 déc. 2018

Pages: 43 - 52

Reçu: 26 févr. 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0036

Mots clés
Spain, autonomous communities, tourist demand, principal component analysis

© 2018 María Jesús González González et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

First correlation circle: components 1 and 2 (first factorial plane).Source: own study.

Projection of the autonomous communities onto the first factorial plane.Source: own study.

Projection of the autonomous communities onto the second factorial plane.Source: own study.

Factor loadings_

Variables	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4
beach	0.810
going for a drink (hang out)	0.806
cultural visits	0.801
adm. management	0.743
gambling	0.684
shopping	0.663
theme park visits	0.636		0.644
visits to family or friends	−0.710	−0.611
religious events	−0.751
sports		0.856
spa_thalassotherapy		0.504
conferences and meetings		−0.603		−0.656
cultural shows		−0.637
sports events		−0.723
shopping			−0.425
cullinary activities			−0.559
nature tourism			−0.655
Supplementary variables (correlations)
nautical sports	0.664	0.495
outdoor sports	−0.448	0.477
extreme sports	−0.434	0.312
snow and skiing	−0.264	0.409

Complete table of individual-factor coordinates_

Individuals	Distance to origin	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4
Andalusia	7.625	0.095	0.732	1.392	−1.586
Aragón	14.558	−2.720	2.219	0.275	0.182
Asturias	5.140	0.235	−0.806	−1.214	0.614
Balearic Islands	22.097	3.422	0.487	−1.542	0.408
Canary Islands	54.199	6.627	2.181	0.451	−0.785
Cantabria	11.248	2.051	0.073	−1.362	1.476
Castile-La Mancha	18.171	−3.693	0.545	0.176	−1.001
Castile and León	10.587	−2.689	−0.224	−0.197	−1.289
Catalonia	10.234	−0.405	1.488	2.267	0.812
C. Valencia	7.718	0.567	1.565	1.596	−0.552
Extremadura	15.322	−2.020	−1.642	−1.656	−0.841
Galicia	6.173	0.075	−0.825	−1.602	−0.190
C. Madrid	41.131	1.046	−5.519	2.942	0.707
Murcia	8.140	−0.572	1.097	0.287	−0.404
Navarra	13.267	−1.515	1.011	0.478	2.509
Basque Country	14.781	1.658	−2.477	−1.113	−1.106
Rioja	11.611	−2.162	0.094	−1.177	1.045

Eigenvalues, variance percentages and cumulative percentage_

Component	Eigenvalue	Percentage of variance	Cumulative percentage of variance
1	6.111	38.2	38.2
2	3.431	21.4	59.6
3	1.916	12.0	71.6
4	1.149	7.2	78.8

Table analysed by means of PCA (Data for each Spanish autonomous community)_

	16 Active variables																Supplementary variables: sub-variables sports
	Shopping	Sports	Adm. Management	Family or Friends visits	Sports Events	Cultural Shows	Cultural Visits	Theme park visits	Gambling	Conferences and meeting	Beach	Spa_thalassotherapy	Religious events	Culinary activities	Hang Out	Nature tourism	Golf	Skiing	Natural Sports	Hunting	Fishing	Outdoor sports	Extreme sports	Other sports
Andalusia	48.9	16	0.4	35.8	1.5	15.0	40	2.1	0.8	0	40.3	2.2	7.8	50.6	30.7	27.8	0.4	0.6	4.1	0.1	0.4	9.2	0.2	1.0
Aragón	48.5	25.1	0.3	46.2	0.6	8.8	38.3	1.0	0.2	0.1	0.5	4.3	10.7	48.5	25.8	44.6	−	4.8	0.6	0.5	0.3	15.9	0.5	2.6
Asturias	60.2	18.6	0.4	45.8	1.6	12.6	50.6	1.6	0.1	−	34.0	1.3	4.9	64.1	29.3	43.9	0.5	0.4	3.2		0.9	12.2	0.1	1.2
Balearic Islands	63.5	15.8	0.7	28.7	0.9	14.6	62	1.6	0.5	0.3	73.0	3.1	3.9	55.3	36.6	37.7	1.0		6.9	−	1.2	6.1	−	0.6
Canary Islands	63.8	23.9	0.7	24	1.9	17.3	59.3	8.8	2.1	0.1	76.4	8.5	2.5	60.3	37.8	35.0	0.4		8.8	0.2	0.5	12.5	0.0	1.5
Cantabria	58.8	20.2	0.6	35.8	2.0	16.5	52.9	3.0	0.3	−	52.8	3.7	2.7	62.3	28.9	53.9	0.1	0.2	4.8	−	−	13.2	−	1.9
Castile-La Mancha	49.4	17.4	0.3	60.5	0.4	12.9	34	0.8	−	0.2	2.2	1.1	14.6	46.8	27.5	48.5			1.4	0.1	0.4	15.2	0.2	0.2
Castile and León	52.6	17.3	0.4	55.9	1.9	11.6	36.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	1.3	1.3	12.1	50.3	27.3	42.6	0.1	0.2	0.6	0.4	−	14.5	0.3	1.3
Catalonia	51.0	22.2	0.4	36.9	1.3	11.8	36.5	6.1	0.2	0.2	37.8	2.4	3.5	45.4	26.3	36.0	0.2	2.1	5.1	0.0	0.5	13.2	0.2	0.7
C. Valencia	52.7	19.7	0.4	35.1	1.2	11.9	36.3	5.1	0.9	0.0	55.0	2.6	4.1	53.7	28.6	33.5	0.2	0.0	7.5	−	0.4	10.4	0.2	1.0
Extremadura	63.9	12.6	−	65.5	1.4	15	41.8	0.8	0.3	−	1.8	2.7	13.7	54.0	25.9	53.8	0.1	0.4	1.3	0.3	0.3	9.9	0.2	0.2
Galicia	58.8	15.2	0.3	50.6	1.6	14.7	49.6	0.9	0	0.2	36.8	5.2	7.4	62.2	29.2	46.0	0.1	0.3	3.3	−	0.9	10	0.2	0.3
C. Madrid	59.1	9.2	0.3	60.0	3.2	25	55.3	7.0	0.5	0.8	1.6	0.5	3.9	55.4	25.6	21.6	−	0.6	0.3	−	0.3	7.3	0.1	0.7
Murcia	57.5	20.5	0.2	44.0	1	11.8	34.8	1.3	0.1	0.2	57.5	4.8	5.9	53.9	27.8	32.6	0.5		8.5	−	1.4	9.4	0.3	0.3
Navarra	48.7	24.2	−	46.6	0.4	11.6	41.2	1.9	−	0.7	5.1	2.3	6.0	52.3	29.0	49.2		2.2	1.2	0.3	1.3	17.6	0.9	0.8
Basque Country	60.2	13.9	0.4	52.8	2.7	16.1	55.8	0.9	−	−	33.2	2.1	6.4	67.3	35.0	30.1	0.9		2.2	−	−	9.7	0.2	1.0
Rioja	50.5	16.1	−	54.1	−	4.5	42.5	1.2	0.1	−	0.5	2.2	6.4	59.4	25.9	51.9		1.7	1.7	0.1	0.6	11.9	−	0.1

Complete table of relative contributions

Individuals	Distance to origin	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4
Andalusia	7.625	0.001	0.070	0.254	0.330
Aragón	14.558	0.508	0.338	0.005	0.002
Asturias	5.140	0.011	0.126	0.287	0.073
Balearic Islands	22.097	0.530	0.011	0.108	0.008
Canary Islands	54.199	0.810	0.088	0.004	0.011
Cantabria	11.248	0.374	0.000	0.165	0.194
Castile-La Mancha	18.171	0.751	0.016	0.002	0.055
Castile and León	10.587	0.683	0.005	0.004	0.157
Catalonia	10.234	0.016	0.216	0.502	0.065
C. Valencia	7.718	0.042	0.317	0.330	0.040
Extremadura	15.322	0.266	0.176	0.179	0.046
Galicia	6.173	0.001	0.110	0.416	0.006
C. Madrid	41.131	0.027	0.741	0.210	0.012
Murcia	8.140	0.040	0.148	0.010	0.020
Navarra	13.267	0.173	0.077	0.017	0.475
Basque Country	14.781	0.186	0.415	0.084	0.083
Rioja	11.611	0.403	0.001	0.119	0.094

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The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Study of the Spanish Tourist Demand

Publié en ligne: 31 déc. 2018

Pages: 43 - 52

Reçu: 26 févr. 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0036

Mots clés
Spain, autonomous communities, tourist demand, principal component analysis

© 2018 María Jesús González González et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Factor loadings_

Complete table of individual-factor coordinates_

Eigenvalues, variance percentages and cumulative percentage_

Table analysed by means of PCA (Data for each Spanish autonomous community)_

Complete table of relative contributions

The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Study of the Spanish Tourist Demand

María Jesús González González

María-Eva Vallejo-Pascual

Publié en ligne: 31 déc. 2018

Pages: 43 - 52

Reçu: 26 févr. 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0036

Mots clésSpain, autonomous communities, tourist demand, principal component analysis

© 2018 María Jesús González González et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Factor loadings_

Complete table of individual-factor coordinates_

Eigenvalues, variance percentages and cumulative percentage_

Table analysed by means of PCA (Data for each Spanish autonomous community)_

Complete table of relative contributions

Mots clés
Spain, autonomous communities, tourist demand, principal component analysis