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Possibilities of using Selected Visualization Methods for Historical Analysis of Sporting Event – An Example of Stage Cycling Race Tour de France

Vladimír Bačík
Vladimír Bačík
 et 
Michal Klobučník
Michal Klobučník
   | 06 sept. 2018
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Publié en ligne: 06 sept. 2018
Pages: 5 - 22
Reçu: 04 oct. 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0022
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© 2018 Vladimír Bačík et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

A scheme of final database tables (the MS Access environment).
A scheme of final database tables (the MS Access environment).

Fig. 2

An example of data circular visualization using a chord diagram (In this picture places of the triumphs of the most successful climbers in the Tour de France history are shown).A – Offline presentation (available on the main map at: http://www.tdfrance.eu/download/tdf_map_bk.pdf).B – Online presentation (available at http://www.tdfrance.eu/chord_diagrams_ascents_cyclists.php).
An example of data circular visualization using a chord diagram (In this picture places of the triumphs of the most successful climbers in the Tour de France history are shown).A – Offline presentation (available on the main map at: http://www.tdfrance.eu/download/tdf_map_bk.pdf).B – Online presentation (available at http://www.tdfrance.eu/chord_diagrams_ascents_cyclists.php).

Fig. 3

Interpretation of the chord diagram (The original diagram is visually adjusted so that readers can see the main elements clearly).
Interpretation of the chord diagram (The original diagram is visually adjusted so that readers can see the main elements clearly).

Fig. 4

An identification of stage finish places using an interactive map in the TopoJSON format (Interactive versions is available at http://www.tdfrance.eu/json_finish.php).
An identification of stage finish places using an interactive map in the TopoJSON format (Interactive versions is available at http://www.tdfrance.eu/json_finish.php).

Fig. 5

Preview map of selected historical statistics of Tour de France (1903–2016).Final map designed for A0 format (is available at: http://www.tdfrance.eu/download/tdf_map_bk.pdf) shows historically the most successful cyclists and nationalities according to the number of stages victories and the winning mountain ascents crossing othe second, first and “horse” category.
Preview map of selected historical statistics of Tour de France (1903–2016).Final map designed for A0 format (is available at: http://www.tdfrance.eu/download/tdf_map_bk.pdf) shows historically the most successful cyclists and nationalities according to the number of stages victories and the winning mountain ascents crossing othe second, first and “horse” category.

Fig. 6

Tour de France stage places’ overall classification (1903–2016).All places can by identified at www.tdfrance.eu/json_places.php.
Tour de France stage places’ overall classification (1903–2016).All places can by identified at www.tdfrance.eu/json_places.php.

Fig. 7

Stable finish places of the Tour de France with more than 20 finishes within the given time span (below the diagrams, the maps show all stage finishes in the relevant period).Stable finish places of the Tour de France with more than 20 finishes:*1903–1939: Paris, Nice, Perpignan, Luchon, Metz, Bordeaux, Brest, Grenoble, Bayonne, Belfort, Marseille, 1947–1980: Bordeaux, Paris, Pau, 1981–2015: Paris, Alpe d'Huez, Pau.Interactive map for each period could be found at following links: 1903–1939: http://www.tdfrance.eu/json_finish2.php, 1947–1980: http://www.tdfrance.eu/json_finish3.php, 1981–2016: http://www.tdfrance.eu/json_finish4.php.*Below the diagrams, the maps show all final points in the relevant period (the ones that were included as the most stable are in dark green colour). Here we can see a change in stage centres from stable (1903–1939) up to the attempts to include more and more quantities of new stage finishes (1981–2016).
Stable finish places of the Tour de France with more than 20 finishes within the given time span (below the diagrams, the maps show all stage finishes in the relevant period).Stable finish places of the Tour de France with more than 20 finishes:*1903–1939: Paris, Nice, Perpignan, Luchon, Metz, Bordeaux, Brest, Grenoble, Bayonne, Belfort, Marseille, 1947–1980: Bordeaux, Paris, Pau, 1981–2015: Paris, Alpe d'Huez, Pau.Interactive map for each period could be found at following links: 1903–1939: http://www.tdfrance.eu/json_finish2.php, 1947–1980: http://www.tdfrance.eu/json_finish3.php, 1981–2016: http://www.tdfrance.eu/json_finish4.php.*Below the diagrams, the maps show all final points in the relevant period (the ones that were included as the most stable are in dark green colour). Here we can see a change in stage centres from stable (1903–1939) up to the attempts to include more and more quantities of new stage finishes (1981–2016).

Fig. 8

Places of stage triumphs of the five most successful cyclists in the history of Tour de France according to the number of stage victories.(All other partial maps are available at: http://www.tdfrance.eu/download/tdf_map_bk.pdf).
Places of stage triumphs of the five most successful cyclists in the history of Tour de France according to the number of stage victories.(All other partial maps are available at: http://www.tdfrance.eu/download/tdf_map_bk.pdf).

Fig. 9

Comparison of circular visualization and stacked chart on an example of the most successful cyclists according to the number of winnings ascents crossings.
Comparison of circular visualization and stacked chart on an example of the most successful cyclists according to the number of winnings ascents crossings.

Examples of selection of necessary data based on query above database tables.

QuestionSQL syntax
How many stage finish places were included in the itinerary of the Tour de France before World War II?Select*, COUNT(finish) AS count_places from tdf_stage_winners,tdf_places WHERE tdf_stage_winners.id_finish=tdf_places. id_place AND year >= 1903 AND year <= 1939 GROUP BY id_finish ORDER BY ‘count_places‘ DESC”);
How many cyclists won in individual stages in all editions of the Tour de France?Select winner,nationality,COUNT(winner) AS countw from tdf_ stage_winners WHERE winner != ‘’ AND year >= 1903 AND rok <= 2015 GROUP BY winner ORDER BY ‘countw‘ DESC”);
What are the most successful nations as regards the number of triumphs in mountain crossings?Select nationality,COUNT(cyclist_name) AS countc from tdf_asc_ cross WHERE year >= 1903 AND year <= 2015 GROUP BY nationality ORDER BY ‘countc‘ DESC”);
Which cyclists triumphed more than 1 time in Paris?Select winner,COUNT(*) AS countw from ‘tdf_stage_winners‘ WHERE id_finish = 434 GROUP BY winner HAVING countw>1 ORDER BY ‘countw‘ DESC
Which are the 10 most frequently climbs included in the Tour de France editions after 1980?Select *,COUNT(cyclist_name) AS countcn from tdf_ascents,tdf_ asc_cross WHERE tdf_ascents.id_ascent=tdf_asc_cross.id_ascent AND rok >= $1980 AND rok <= $2015 GROUP BY id_ascent ORDER BY ‘countcn‘ DESC LIMIT 10
Which are the 5 most frequently starting places included in the history of the Tour de France?Select *,COUNT(start) AS counts from tdf_stage_winnrs,tdf_places WHERE tdf_stage_winners.id_start=tdf_places.id_place AND year >= 1903 AND rok <= 2015 GROUP BY id_start ORDER BY ‘counts‘ DESC LIMIT 5
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