Maximum Power Point Determination of Bifacial PV Using Multi-Verse Optimization Algorithm Applied on Different Cell Models

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Optimization data at 1,000 W/m2

Variables	Unit	Catalog data	MVO solution
Vmppt	(V)	41.65	41.6500012
Rs	(Ω)	/	0.20019324
∆P	(W)	/	1.512/10−5
Pmppt	(W)	578.102	578.10202

Optimization data for other solar irradiations

Parameter	Unit	Values
		200 (W/m2)	600 (W/m2)	1,000 (W/m2)
Vmppt	(V)	40.16001	41.3000064	41.6500012
Rs	(Ω)	0.2	0.2	0.20019324
∆P	(W)	4.872/10−5	6.502/10−5	1.512/10−5
Pmppt, MVO	(W)	110.44005	313.46707	578.10202
Pmppt, catalog	(W)	110.44	313.467	578.10202

Parameters of the analyzed module given by the producer with included bifaciality of 10%

Parameters	Unit	Values
Peak power	(Wp)	578
Maximum voltage per MPPT	(V)	41.65
Maximum current per MPPT	(A)	13.88
Open circuit voltage	(V)	49.93
Short circuit current	(A)	14.93
Ns	(# of cells)	60
KI	(%/°C)	0.00543
KV	(%/°C)	−0.136
GSTC	(W/m2)	1,000

Optimization parameters and their optimization bounds

Variables	Description	Lower boundary	Upper boundary
Vmppt (V)	Voltage at MPPT	40	42
Rs (Ω)	PV cell series resistance	0.1	0.3

Comparative optimization data at 1,000 W/m2 and 20°C

Methods	Parameters
	Vmpp	Pmpp	∆P
	(V)	(W)	(W)
Catalogue data	41.65	578.102	/
MVO	41.6500004	578.10205	5.373/10−6
GA	41.362	578.11667	0.014674

Standard parameters of the analyzed module given by the producer

Parameters	Unit	Values
Peak power	(Wp)	540
Maximum voltage per MPPT	(V)	41.64
Maximum current per MPPT	(A)	12.97
Open circuit voltage	(V)	49.60
Short circuit current	(A)	13.86
Efficiency	(%)	20.9
Area of the module	(m2)	2.58