Examining the Levels of Self-Leadership Perceptions of University Student- Athletes in Terms of Sociodemographic Characteristics

Allen, S. (2006). Expertise in sport: A cognitive-developmental approach. The Journal of Education, 187, 9-29.10.1177/002205740718700103Search in Google Scholar

Arbuckle, J.L. (2007). Amos 16.0 User’s Guide. Chicago: SPSS Inc.Search in Google Scholar

Beauchamp, M.R., Bray, S.R., Albinson, J.G. (2002). Pre-competition imagery, self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers. Journal of Sport Sciences, 20, 697-705.10.1080/02640410232021940012200921Search in Google Scholar

Carmeli, A., Meitar, R., Weisberg, J. (2006). Self-leadership skills and work innovative behavior at work. InternationalJournal of Manpower, 27, 75-90.10.1108/01437720610652853Search in Google Scholar

Cleary, T.J., Zimmerman, B.J. (2001). Self regulation differences during athletic practice by experts, non-experts, and novices. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 185-206.10.1080/104132001753149883Search in Google Scholar

Cory, D. (2011). Lead like Tebow, Now! Retrieved May 12, 2012 from http://www. accessathletes.com /blog/keyword.cfm?keyword= SelfLeadership DeFrancesco, C., Burke, K.L. (1997). Performance enhancement strategies used in a professional tennis tournament. International. Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 185-195.Search in Google Scholar

Gilbert, J.N., Gilbert, W.D., Loney, B., Wahl, M.T., Michel, E. (2006). Sport psychology in an urban high school: Overview of a two-year collaboration. The Journal of Education, 187, 67-95.10.1177/002205740718700106Search in Google Scholar

Gorillas & Gazelles LLC. (2006). Athlete self-leadership programs. Enhancing team success beyond athletic talent. Retrieved 4 May 2012 from http://www.gorillas-gazelles.com Hardy, J., Hall, C., Hardy, L. (2004). A note on athletes’ use of self-talk. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 251-257.Search in Google Scholar

Helsen, W., Starkes, J., Hodges, N. (1998). Team sports and the theory of deliberate practice. Journal of Sport &Exercise Psychology, 20, 12-34.10.1123/jsep.20.1.12Search in Google Scholar

Houghton, J.D., Neck, P.C. (2002). The revised self-leadership questionnaire: Testing a hierarchical factor structure for self-leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17, 672-692.10.1108/02683940210450484Search in Google Scholar

Howland, J.M. (2006). Mental skills training for coaches to help athletes focus their attention, manage arousal, and improve performance in sport. The Journal of Education, 187, 49-66.10.1177/002205740718700105Search in Google Scholar

Jonker, L., Elferink-Gemser, M.T., Visscher, C. (2010). Differences in self-regulatory skills among talented athletes: The significance of competitive level and type of sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28, 901-908.10.1080/0264041100379715720544490Search in Google Scholar

Kang, Y.S., Choi, Y.J., Park, D.L., Kim, I.J. (2010). A study on nurses' self-leadership, self-esteem, and organizational effectiveness. Journal of Korean Academy Nursing Administration, 16, 143-151.10.11111/jkana.2010.16.2.143Search in Google Scholar

Kazan, A.L. (1999). Exploring the concept of self-leadership: Factors impacting self-leadership of Ohio AmericorpsMembers (Doctoral Dissertation). Ohio: The Ohio State University.Search in Google Scholar

Kitsantas,A., Zimmerman, B.J. (2002). Comparing self-regulatory processes among novice, non-expert, and expert volleyball players: A microanalytic study. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 91-105.10.1080/10413200252907761Search in Google Scholar

Loughead, T.M., Hardy, J., Eys, M.A. (2006). The nature of athlete leadership. Journal of Sport Behavior, 29, 142-158.Search in Google Scholar

Mamassis, G., Doganis, G. (2004). The effects of a mental training program on juniors pre-competitive anxiety, self confidence, and tennis performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 118-137.10.1080/10413200490437903Search in Google Scholar

Manz, C.C. (1986). Self-leadership: Toward an expanded theory of self-influence processes in organizations. Academyof Management Review, 11, 585-600.10.2307/258312Search in Google Scholar

Manz ,C.C. (1992). Mastering self-leadership: Empowering yourself for personal excellence. New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, Englewood Cliffs.Search in Google Scholar

Masciana, R.C., Van Raalte, J.L., Brewer, B.W., Branton, M.G., Coughlin, M.A. (2001). Effects of cognitive strategies on dart throwing performance. International Sports Journal, 5, 31-39.Search in Google Scholar

Neck C.P., Houghton, J.D. (2006). Two decades of self-leadership theory and research: Past developments, present trends, and future possibilities. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 270-295.10.1108/02683940610663097Search in Google Scholar

Nota, L., Soresi, S., Zimmerman, B.J. (2004). Self-regulation and academic achievement and resilience: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Educational Research, 41, 198-215.10.1016/j.ijer.2005.07.001Search in Google Scholar

Peluso, E.A., Ross, M.J., Gfeller, J.D., LaVoie, D.J. (2005). A comparison of mental strategies during athletic skills performance. Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 4, 543-549.Search in Google Scholar

Pyun, D.Y., Kwon, H.H., Koh, K.T., Wang, C.K.J. (2010). Perceived coaching leadership of youth athletes in Singapore. Journal of Sport Behavior, 33, 25-41.Search in Google Scholar

Sirin, S.R. (2005). Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review of research. Review ofEducational Research, 75, 417-453.10.3102/00346543075003417Search in Google Scholar

Tabak, A., Sığrı, Ü., Türköz, T. (2009). The reliability and validity of self-leadership questionnaire Turkish form. Paper presented at 17th National Management and Organization Congress (pp. 303-309). 21-23 May, Eskisehir, Turkey.Search in Google Scholar

Tabak, A., Türköz, T., Basım, N. (2011). The role of employee’s self-leadership perceptions on impression management tactics: An applied research in Defense Industry. METU Studies in Development, 38, 21-50.Search in Google Scholar

Tiggemann, M., Williamson, S. (2000). The effect of exercise on body satisfaction and self-esteem as a function of gender and age. Sex Roles, 43, 119-127.10.1023/A:1007095830095Search in Google Scholar

Zimmerman, B.J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. Theory Into Practice, 41, 64-70.10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2Search in Google Scholar