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Stabilisation of the power grid with a hydrogen energy buffer

Szymon Banaszak
Szymon Banaszak
, 
Marcin Biegun
Marcin Biegun
, 
Stefan Domek
Stefan Domek
, 
Paweł Dworak
Paweł Dworak
, 
Daniel Figurowski
Daniel Figurowski
, 
Michał Kubicki
Michał Kubicki
, 
Olgierd Małyszko
Olgierd Małyszko
, 
Przemysław Orłowski
Przemysław Orłowski
 et 
Michał Zeńczak
Michał Zeńczak
   | 31 déc. 2022
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Publié en ligne: 31 déc. 2022
Pages: 19 - 28
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2022-0012
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© 2022 Szymon Banaszak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Diagram of the hydrogen buffer structure with the local control system Source: authors’ research
Diagram of the hydrogen buffer structure with the local control system Source: authors’ research

Figure 2.

Simplified diagram of a 15 kV network with a buffer connected to 15 kV busbars at 110/15 kV substation Source: authors’ research
Simplified diagram of a 15 kV network with a buffer connected to 15 kV busbars at 110/15 kV substation Source: authors’ research

Figure 3:

Selected plots of the amount of energy flowing through the substation, consumed by the electrolyser, produced by the fuel cell, and the amount of hydrogen accumulated at a given moment in the tank for the electrolyser with the power of Pel=600 kW and fuel cell PFC=300 kW. Source: own study
Selected plots of the amount of energy flowing through the substation, consumed by the electrolyser, produced by the fuel cell, and the amount of hydrogen accumulated at a given moment in the tank for the electrolyser with the power of Pel=600 kW and fuel cell PFC=300 kW. Source: own study

Figure 4.

Selected plots of the amount of energy flowing through the substation, consumed by the electrolyser, produced by the fuel cell and the amount of hydrogen accumulated at a given moment in the tank for an electrolyser with the power of Pel=1200 kW and fuel cell PFC=400 kW. Source: own study
Selected plots of the amount of energy flowing through the substation, consumed by the electrolyser, produced by the fuel cell and the amount of hydrogen accumulated at a given moment in the tank for an electrolyser with the power of Pel=1200 kW and fuel cell PFC=400 kW. Source: own study

Figure 5.

The recorded average power – one minute – in the period of: 7 days and 1 day in one of the analysed substations Source: authors’ research
The recorded average power – one minute – in the period of: 7 days and 1 day in one of the analysed substations Source: authors’ research

Figure 6.

Histogram of mean power and histogram of increases in one-minute mean power for data recorded over a period of 7 days in one of the analysed substations Source: authors’ research
Histogram of mean power and histogram of increases in one-minute mean power for data recorded over a period of 7 days in one of the analysed substations Source: authors’ research

Summary of the best locations by energy input to the tank for an electrolyser with power Pel=600 kW and fuel cell PFC=300 kW (3 years period).

Substation # Ein [kWh] E°[%] Sr[%] Lh[%]
1 5152335,0 21,0 99,7 50,3
2 3322051,2 44,0 94,1 44,3
3 3297222,1 36,1 100,0 52,5
4 2063680,8 35,2 98,9 53,6
5 1795629,0 35,8 98,6 54,6
6 1356882,0 52,0 98,8 60,3
7 552946,2 79,2 99,9 71,7
8 530813,4 56,1 100,0 89,0
9 91751,0 42,7 100,0 62,4
10 13021,0 88,8 100,0 86,2
11 258,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
12 12,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
13 4,8 100 100,0 100,0
14 0,0 NaN 100,0 100,0
15 0,0 NaN 100,0 100,0
16 0,0 NaN 100,0 100,0
17 0,0 NaN 100,0 100,0

Summary of the best locations by energy input to the tank for an electrolyser with power Pel=1200 kW and fuel cell PFC=400 kW (3 years period).

Substation # Ein [kWh] E°[%] Sr[%] Lh[%]
1 9269838,0 38,1 99,4 30,0
2 5459297,0 59,7 100,0 39,9
3 4315272,0 70,5 90,5 31,9
4 2875046,4 57,5 97,0 39,2
5 2517778,2 59,9 96,8 37,8
6 1750292,4 79,2 97,4 38,4
7 792876,6 83,8 100,0 85,2
8 642562,2 94,5 99,8 42,7
9 136114,8 63,4 100,0 55,9
10 14658,0 100,0 100,0 61,8
11 258,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
12 12,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
13 4,8 100,0 100,0 100,0
14 0,0 NaN 100,0 100,0
15 0,0 NaN 100,0 100,0
16 0,0 NaN 100,0 100,0
17 0,0 NaN 100,0 100,0

Summary of the best locations by energy input to the buffer for an electrolyser with power Pel=600 kW and fuel cell PFC=300 kW (1 year period).

Substation# Ein [kWh] E° [%] Sr [%] maxΔP- avgΔP- maxΔP+ avgΔP+
1 1 173 800,0 40,6 90,3 2 774,4 466,1 3 307,2 811,2
2 1 036 400,0 37,5 100,0 3 105,0 306,0 12 272,0 1 921,6
3 807 930,0 32,6 97,9 3 091,2 184,3 4 965,6 854,4
4 676 190,0 34,1 98,5 3 254,4 175,2 5 316,0 1 171,2
5 668 230,0 47,4 99,7 2 709,0 114,0 14772 1 543,5
6 530 710,0 56,1 100,0 2 090,4 55,2 3 268,8 530,4
7 520 260,0 48,1 98,7 2 035,2 55,2 3 424,8 686,4
8 378 380,0 75,4 99,8 1 387,2 26,4 1 644,0 403,2
9 44 074,0 35,2 100,0 3 222,6 0 4 810,2 980,0
10 10 888,0 86,9 100,0 628,8 0 7 202,4 1 068,0
11 4,8 100,0 100,0 4,8 0 3 979,2 451,2
12 0 NaN 100,0 0 0 11 751,0 1 080,0
13 0 NaN 100,0 0 0 4 987,2 660,0
14 0 NaN 100,0 0 0 9 900,0 1 128,0
15 0 NaN 100,0 0 0 9 601,2 961,0
16 0 NaN 100,0 0 0 2 762,4 338,4
17 0 NaN 100,0 0 0 14 982,0 1 188,6
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