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Evaluation of Effectiveness of On-site Wastewater Treatment Systems Located at Roadside Rest Areas: Recognition and Diagnosis of Existing Problems in the Operation of Selected Facilities

Krzysztof Iskra
Krzysztof Iskra
, 
Paula Przygoda-Kuś
Paula Przygoda-Kuś
, 
Łukasz Krawczyk
Łukasz Krawczyk
 et 
Jan Miodoński
Jan Miodoński
   | 31 déc. 2022
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Publié en ligne: 31 déc. 2022
Pages: 1 - 10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2022-0011
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© 2022 Krzysztof Iskra et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Diagram of the treatment plant at roadside rest area “A” 1- inlet, 2- outlet, 3- settling tank and retention and averaging buffer, 4- SBR reactor, 5- compressed air inlet, 6- aeration disc, 7- drainage bed (own elaboration)
Diagram of the treatment plant at roadside rest area “A” 1- inlet, 2- outlet, 3- settling tank and retention and averaging buffer, 4- SBR reactor, 5- compressed air inlet, 6- aeration disc, 7- drainage bed (own elaboration)

Figure 2.

Diagram of biological reactor at roadside rest area “B” and “C”: 1- concrete tank, 2- biological bed, 3- effluent filter, 4- effluent outlet, 5- secondary sludge outlet, 6- settling tank wastewater inlet, 7- recirculating device, 8- air duct protection pipe, 9- aluminium lid (own elaboration)
Diagram of biological reactor at roadside rest area “B” and “C”: 1- concrete tank, 2- biological bed, 3- effluent filter, 4- effluent outlet, 5- secondary sludge outlet, 6- settling tank wastewater inlet, 7- recirculating device, 8- air duct protection pipe, 9- aluminium lid (own elaboration)

Figure 3.

Average hydraulic load of the wastewater treatment plant at rest area “A” in consecutive months of operation (own elaboration)
Average hydraulic load of the wastewater treatment plant at rest area “A” in consecutive months of operation (own elaboration)

Figure 4.

Distribution of dissolved oxygen concentration in the wastewater treatment plant at rest area “C” during successive hours of operation (own elaboration)
Distribution of dissolved oxygen concentration in the wastewater treatment plant at rest area “C” during successive hours of operation (own elaboration)

Parameters tested in the samples, and regulations defining the method of making the assays

Parameter/Indicator Regulation specifying the method and procedure for chemical analysis
pH PN-EN ISO 10390:2022-09
total alkalinity PN-90/C-04540.02
BOD5 PN-EN ISO 5815-1:2019-12
COD (total and dissolved) PN-ISO 15705:2005PN-ISO 6060:2006
forms of nitrogen (total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen), PN-EN 25663:2001PN-ISO 7150-1:2002PN-EN ISO 13395:2001PN-82/C-04576/08
total phosphorus PN-EN ISO 6878:2006
total suspended solids PN-EN 872

Technical parameters of discussed plants

Installation technical parameters Rest Area „A” Rest Area „B” Rest Area „C”
L R L R L R
Projected inflow 5.00 m3/d 8.00 m3/d 8.00 m3/d
Average real inflow 6.25 m3/d 3.35 m3/d 3.80 m3/d
Volume of primary settling tank 3.30 m3 6.70 m3 7.20 m3
Reactor volume 3.30 m3 5.65 m3 5.95 m3
Projected retention time >15 h >17 h >17 h

The results of analytical tests of raw wastewater at the roadside rest areas studied (own elaboration)*

No. Indicative measure Unit Raw wastewater – average values (range of results)
Rest Area „A” Rest Area „B” Rest Area „C”
L R L R L R
1 Reaction (PH) - 7.9–8.0 7.8–7.9 8.6–8.8 8.2–8.4 8.5–8.6 8.5–8.8
2 Total alkalinity mval/L 12.5 19.9 20.7 20.2 23.4 19.0
3 BOD5 mgO2/L 180(176–184) 162(155–169) 400(393–407) 497(480–514) 191(189–193) 160(153–167)
4 COD mgO2/L 771(765–777) 629(600–658) 1031(950–11 12) 1020(978-1062) 349(324–394) 384(381–407)
5 COD/ BOD5 - 4.3 3.9 2.6 2.1 1.8 2.4
6 BOD5/n mgO2/mgN 1.5 0.8 1.5 1.7 0.8 0.7
7 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mgN/L 123 201 265 298 232 228
8 Ammoniacal nitrogen mgN/L 103 167 253 252 194 206
9 Total phosphorus mgP/L 17.4(16.5–18.3) 15.6(14.9–16.3) 15.3(14.9–15.7) 32.2j(30.1–34.3) 18.1(18.0–18.2) 17.1(16.2–18.0)
10 Total suspended solids mg/L 280 188 284 252 172 152

Analytical results for treated wastewater at the roadside rest areas studied (own elaboration)*

No. Indicative measure Unit Treated wastewater – average values Treated wastewater - the standard **
Rest Area „A” Rest Area „B” Rest Area „C”
L R L R L R
Average value; range of results; percentage of removal [%]
1 Reaction (pH) - 7.4–7.5 7.3–7.5 7.7–7.8 7.6–7.8 8.3–8.4 8.4–8.5 -
2 Total alkalinity mval/L 4.4 3.4 8.3 5.2 22.0 18.4 -
3 BOD5 mgO2/L 13.8;15.5–14.1;92.3 16.0;15.3–16.7;90.1 72.0;71.4–72.6;82.0 81.0;77–85;83.7 40.0;38.9–41.1;79.0 86.0;82.7–89.3;46.0 40
4 COD total mgO2/L 145;143–147;81.2 194;193–195;69.2 306;293–319;70.3 463;460–466;54.6 173;171–175;50.4 208;205–211;45.7 150
5 COD dissolved mgO2/L 126 166 263 395 144 179 -
6 Total nitrogen mgN/L 59.7 120 196 236 232 202 -
7 Kjeldahl nitrogen mgN/L 38.0;69.1 41.4;79.4 138;47.9 141;52.7 249;- 195;14.7 -
8 Nitrate nitrogen mgN-NO3/L 1.7 4.4 3.6 41.9 0.37 0.49 -
9 Nitrite nitrogen mgN-NO2/L 20.1 74.1 55.4 52.7 6.8 6.9 -
10 Ammoniacal nitrogen mgN/L 24.9;75.8 31.6;81.1 132;47.8 111;56.0 162;16.5 148;28.2 -
11 Total phosphorus mgP/L 11.0;10.7–11.3;36.6 12.5;12.4–12.6;19.8 16.6;15.3–17.9;44.5 18.8;17.3–20.3;41.6 20.1; 15.3–24.9; - 18.2;18.1–18.3; -
12 Total suspended solids mg/L 29.0; 89.7 25.0, 86.7 23.0; 91.9 191.0; 24.2 63.0; 63.5 31.0; 79.3 50
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