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Synthesis and characterisation of magnesium-doped nanoparticles by the microwave combustion technique for novel applications

Sivaraman Baskar

Sivaraman Baskar

Department of H&S, KG Reddy College of Engineering & TechnologyHyderabad, India
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Baskar, Sivaraman
, 
Sivaraman Kanithan

Sivaraman Kanithan

Department of CSE (AIML) Jain (Deemed to be University), KanakapuraBengaluru, India
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Kanithan, Sivaraman
, 
Natarajan Arun Vignesh

Natarajan Arun Vignesh

Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology (GRIET)Hyderabad, India
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Arun Vignesh, Natarajan
, 
N. Santhosh

N. Santhosh

Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVJ College of EngineeringBangalore, India
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Santhosh, N.
, 
Faisal M. Alfaisal

Faisal M. Alfaisal

Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alfaisal, Faisal M.
, 
Shamshad Alam

Shamshad Alam

Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alam, Shamshad
, 
Hasan Sh. Majidi

Hasan Sh. Majidi

Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Al-MustaqbalBabylon, Iraq
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Majidi, Hasan Sh.
, 
Sameer Algburi

Sameer Algburi

Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Kitab UniversityKirkuk, Iraq
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Algburi, Sameer
 et 
Osamah J. Al-sareji

Osamah J. Al-sareji

Sustainability Solutions Research LabVeszprém, Hungary
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Al-sareji, Osamah J.
  
31 mars 2025
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Catégorie d'article: Research Article
Publié en ligne: 31 mars 2025
Pages: 80 - 92
Reçu: 19 oct. 2024
Accepté: 13 janv. 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2025-0008
Mots clés
© 2025 Sivaraman Baskar et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

MW heating mechanism corresponding to (a) dipolar polarisation and (b) ionic conduction.
MW heating mechanism corresponding to (a) dipolar polarisation and (b) ionic conduction.

Figure 2

Ideal cubic perovskite structure (ABO3).
Ideal cubic perovskite structure (ABO3).

Figure 3

Perovskite structure.
Perovskite structure.

Figure 4

Image of spinel oxide.
Image of spinel oxide.

Figure 5

Spinel crystal.
Spinel crystal.

Figure 6

XRD plot of Ni1−x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.
XRD plot of Ni1−x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.

Figure 7

Peak shift of Ni1−x Cu x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.
Peak shift of Ni1−x Cu x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.

Figure 8

Lattice parameter variation in Ni1−x Cu x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.
Lattice parameter variation in Ni1−x Cu x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.

Figure 9

FTIR spectra of Ni1−x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.
FTIR spectra of Ni1−x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.

Figure 10

HR-SEM images of (a) Ni1Mg0Fe2O4, (b) Ni0.9Mg0.1Fe2O4, (c) Ni0.8Mg0.2Fe2O4, (d) Ni0.7Mg0.3Fe2O4, (e) Ni0.6Mg0.4Fe2O4, and (f) Ni0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 samples.
HR-SEM images of (a) Ni1Mg0Fe2O4, (b) Ni0.9Mg0.1Fe2O4, (c) Ni0.8Mg0.2Fe2O4, (d) Ni0.7Mg0.3Fe2O4, (e) Ni0.6Mg0.4Fe2O4, and (f) Ni0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 samples.

Figure 11

EDX images of (a) Ni1Mg0Fe2O4, (b) Ni0.9Mg0.1Fe2O4, (c) Ni0.8Mg0.2Fe2O4, (d) Ni0.7Mg0.3Fe2O4, (e) Ni0.6Mg0.4Fe2O4, and (f) Ni0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 samples.
EDX images of (a) Ni1Mg0Fe2O4, (b) Ni0.9Mg0.1Fe2O4, (c) Ni0.8Mg0.2Fe2O4, (d) Ni0.7Mg0.3Fe2O4, (e) Ni0.6Mg0.4Fe2O4, and (f) Ni0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 samples.

Figure 12

Magnetic hysteresis of Ni1−x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.
Magnetic hysteresis of Ni1−x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.

Figure 13

(F(R)hν)2 versus hν plots Ni1–x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) for (a) A sample and (b) F sample.
(F(R)hν)2 versus hν plots Ni1–x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) for (a) A sample and (b) F sample.

Figure 14

Mg2+ fraction vs energy gap of Ni1−x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.
Mg2+ fraction vs energy gap of Ni1−x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples.

Hc, Mr, and Ms values of Ni1–x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0_5) nanoparticles_

Sample code Hc (Oe) Mr (emu/g) Ms (emu/g)
A 337.01 5.21 17.37
B 502.14 5.45 18.24
C 171.11 5.54 20.94
D 217.08 6.17 22.35
E 195.29 7.35 25.79
F 158.77 6.52 24.72

Sample code, crystallite size, lattice parameter, and band gap values of Ni1−x Mg x Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0_5) samples_

Sample Sample code L (nm) D (nm) a (Å) Eg (eV)
NiFe2O4 A 20 20 8.380 3.35
Ni0.9Mg0.1Fe2O4 B 22 21 8.377 3.29
Ni0.8Mg0.2Fe2O4 C 24 23 8.374 3.25
Ni0.7Mg0.3Fe2O4 D 27 25 8.371 2.97
Ni0.6Mg0.4Fe2O4 E 29 27 8.368 2.73
Ni0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 F 31 30 8.365 2.32
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Sciences des matériaux, Sciences des matériaux, autres, Nanomatériaux, Matériaux fonctionnels et intelligents, Caractérisation et propriétés des matériaux
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