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The study of the tribological properties under high contact pressure conditions of TiN, TiC and TiCN coatings deposited by the magnetron sputtering method on the AISI 304 stainless steel substrate

Mamaeva Axaule Alipovna
Mamaeva Axaule Alipovna
, 
Kenzhegulov Aidar Karaulovich
Kenzhegulov Aidar Karaulovich
, 
Panichkin Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Panichkin Aleksandr Vladimirovich
, 
Alibekov Zhasulan Zhanuzakovich
Alibekov Zhasulan Zhanuzakovich
, 
Kshibekova Balzhan Bolatovna
Kshibekova Balzhan Bolatovna
, 
Wojciech Wieleba
Wojciech Wieleba
, 
Tadeusz Leśniewski
Tadeusz Leśniewski
 et 
Nauryzbek Bakhytuly
Nauryzbek Bakhytuly
   | 12 mai 2023
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Publié en ligne: 12 mai 2023
Pages: 1 - 14
Reçu: 16 août 2022
Accepté: 01 avr. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2022-0055
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© 2022 Mamaeva Axaule Alipovna et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Friction pair on tribotester ball-on-plate (1 – sample with tested coating, 2 – silicon carbide ball, 3 – ball holder, Fn – normal load, v – sliding speed in reciprocating motion)
Friction pair on tribotester ball-on-plate (1 – sample with tested coating, 2 – silicon carbide ball, 3 – ball holder, Fn – normal load, v – sliding speed in reciprocating motion)

Fig. 2.

Examples of changes in the friction coefficient as a function of successive movements (cycles) for the tested coatings: (A) TiC, (B) TiN, (C) TiCN. TiCN, titanium carbonitride
Examples of changes in the friction coefficient as a function of successive movements (cycles) for the tested coatings: (A) TiC, (B) TiN, (C) TiCN. TiCN, titanium carbonitride

Fig. 3.

Average coefficient of friction for TiCN coatings and steel substrate for the initial (Cycle 1–20) and final friction period (Cycle 90–100) (error bars correspond to confidence intervals of the confidence level α = 0.05). TiCN, titanium carbonitride
Average coefficient of friction for TiCN coatings and steel substrate for the initial (Cycle 1–20) and final friction period (Cycle 90–100) (error bars correspond to confidence intervals of the confidence level α = 0.05). TiCN, titanium carbonitride

Fig. 4.

Example of wear (groove) test results on a TiC coating surface using a 3D surface metrology microscope: (A, B) wear track, (C) cross-section of wear track
Example of wear (groove) test results on a TiC coating surface using a 3D surface metrology microscope: (A, B) wear track, (C) cross-section of wear track

Fig. 5.

Example of wear (groove) test results on a TiN coating surface using a 3D surface metrology microscope: (A, B) wear track, (C) cross-section of wear track
Example of wear (groove) test results on a TiN coating surface using a 3D surface metrology microscope: (A, B) wear track, (C) cross-section of wear track

Fig. 6.

Example of wear (groove) test results on a TiCN coating surface using a 3D surface metrology microscope: (A, B) wear track, (C) cross-section of wear track. TiCN, titanium carbonitride
Example of wear (groove) test results on a TiCN coating surface using a 3D surface metrology microscope: (A, B) wear track, (C) cross-section of wear track. TiCN, titanium carbonitride

Fig. 7.

Wear of TiCN coatings as an average of the maximum friction track depth after 100 cycles of movement during tribological tests (error bars correspond to confidence intervals of the confidence level α = 0.05). TiCN, titanium carbonitride
Wear of TiCN coatings as an average of the maximum friction track depth after 100 cycles of movement during tribological tests (error bars correspond to confidence intervals of the confidence level α = 0.05). TiCN, titanium carbonitride

Fig. 8.

SEM microphotographs of friction tracks for coatings: (A) TiC, (B)TiN, (C) TiCN. The arrows indicate the area of cracking and the detachment of the coating from the substrate. SEM, scanning electron microscope; TiCN, titanium carbonitride
SEM microphotographs of friction tracks for coatings: (A) TiC, (B)TiN, (C) TiCN. The arrows indicate the area of cracking and the detachment of the coating from the substrate. SEM, scanning electron microscope; TiCN, titanium carbonitride

Fig. 9.

Normal force Fn and frictional force Ft versus distance L in the scratch test for coatings: (A) TiC, (B) TiN,(C) TiCN. TiCN, titanium carbonitride
Normal force Fn and frictional force Ft versus distance L in the scratch test for coatings: (A) TiC, (B) TiN,(C) TiCN. TiCN, titanium carbonitride

Fig. 10.

Scratch microphotographs for TiC; (A) normal force in the range Fn = 10–1,400 mN, (B) normal force in the range Fn = 1,450–2,400 mN, (C) normal force in the range Fn = 1,250–1,500 mN, (D) normal force in the range Fn = 1,250–1,500 mN, (E) normal force in the range Fn = 2,000–2,400 mN, (F) normal force Fn = 2,000–2,400 mN. The arrows indicate the area of the detachment of the coating from the substrate
Scratch microphotographs for TiC; (A) normal force in the range Fn = 10–1,400 mN, (B) normal force in the range Fn = 1,450–2,400 mN, (C) normal force in the range Fn = 1,250–1,500 mN, (D) normal force in the range Fn = 1,250–1,500 mN, (E) normal force in the range Fn = 2,000–2,400 mN, (F) normal force Fn = 2,000–2,400 mN. The arrows indicate the area of the detachment of the coating from the substrate

Fig. 11.

Scratch microphotographs for TiN; (A) normal force in the Fn range = 10–1,200 mN, (B) normal force in the Fn range Fn = 1,250–1,500 mN, (C) normal force in the Fn range Fn = 1,550–1,850 mN, (D) normal force Fn = 1,800 mN. The arrows indicate the area of cracking and the detachment of the coating from the substrate
Scratch microphotographs for TiN; (A) normal force in the Fn range = 10–1,200 mN, (B) normal force in the Fn range Fn = 1,250–1,500 mN, (C) normal force in the Fn range Fn = 1,550–1,850 mN, (D) normal force Fn = 1,800 mN. The arrows indicate the area of cracking and the detachment of the coating from the substrate

Fig. 12.

Scratch microphotographs for TiCN; (A) normal force in the Fn range Fn = 10–860 mN, (B) normal force in the Fn range Fn = 1,050–2,500 mN, (C) normal force in the Fn range Fn = 800–1,200 mN, (D) normal force Fn = 1,350–2,400 mN. The arrows indicate the area of the detachment of the coating from the substrate. TiCN, titanium carbonitride
Scratch microphotographs for TiCN; (A) normal force in the Fn range Fn = 10–860 mN, (B) normal force in the Fn range Fn = 1,050–2,500 mN, (C) normal force in the Fn range Fn = 800–1,200 mN, (D) normal force Fn = 1,350–2,400 mN. The arrows indicate the area of the detachment of the coating from the substrate. TiCN, titanium carbonitride

Wear of TiCN coatings as an average of the maximum friction track depth after 100 cycles of movement

Material Wear (μm) Confidence interval
TiC 4.64 ±0.58
TiN 3.05 ±0.17
TiCN 5.65 ±0.38

Surface roughness parameters (ISO 25178) of TiCN coatings and the steel substrate before and after friction tests

Material Average values of surface roughness parameters before friction tests
Sa Sq Sz Ssk Sku Sp Sv
Coating TiC 0.508 0.592 2.548 0.164 2.018 1.375 1.173
TiN 0.278 0.327 1.946 0.027 2.151 0.763 1.183
TiCN 0.251 0.309 2.317 −0.797 6.745 0.666 1.651
Substrate AISI 304 steel 0.567 0.680 3.585 0.129 2.261 1.917 1.667

The average coefficient of friction for the tested coatings and the confidence intervals for the initial (Cycle 1–20) and final friction period (Cycle 90–100)

Material Coefficient of friction Confidence interval Coefficient of friction Confidence interval
Cycle: 1–20 Cycle: 90–100
Coatings TiC 0.122 ±0.003 0.143 ±0.002
TiN 0.165 ±0.001 0.168 ±0.001
TiCN 0.145 ±0.002 0.166 ±0.002
Substrate AISI 304 steel 0.139 ±0.002 0.152 ±0.002

The flow rate of the working gases during the deposition of TiCN coatings on the steel substrate

Material Flow rate (×10−3 m3/h)
Ar N2 C2H2
Coating TiC 1.1 - 0.47
TiN 1.1 0.45 -
TiCN 1.35 0.225 0.225
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