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Electrical resistance and self-sensing properties of pressure-sensitive materials with graphite filler in Kuralon fiber concrete

An Cheng
An Cheng
, 
Wei-Ting Lin
Wei-Ting Lin
, 
Lukáš Fiala
Lukáš Fiala
, 
Petr Hotěk
Petr Hotěk
, 
Sao-Jeng Chao
Sao-Jeng Chao
 et 
Hui-Mi Hsu
Hui-Mi Hsu
   | 20 sept. 2022
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Publié en ligne: 20 sept. 2022
Pages: 223 - 239
Reçu: 11 mai 2022
Accepté: 07 août 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2022-0023
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© 2022 An Cheng et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Appearance of Kuralon fibers
Appearance of Kuralon fibers

Fig. 2

Schematics of resistance measurement
Schematics of resistance measurement

Fig. 3

Appearance of actual resistance measurement
Appearance of actual resistance measurement

Fig. 4

Compressive strength of normal and fiber concrete groups at 56 days
Compressive strength of normal and fiber concrete groups at 56 days

Fig. 5

Elastic modulus of concrete specimens at 56 days
Elastic modulus of concrete specimens at 56 days

Fig. 6

Regression curves of compressive strength with regard to the elastic modulus
Regression curves of compressive strength with regard to the elastic modulus

Fig. 7

Modulus of rupture of concrete specimens at 56 days
Modulus of rupture of concrete specimens at 56 days

Fig. 8

Regression curves of compressive strength with regard to the modulus of rupture
Regression curves of compressive strength with regard to the modulus of rupture

Fig. 9

Saturated water absorption rates of normal and fiber concrete specimens at 56 days
Saturated water absorption rates of normal and fiber concrete specimens at 56 days

Fig. 10

Initial surface water absorptions rates of normal concrete specimens at 56 days
Initial surface water absorptions rates of normal concrete specimens at 56 days

Fig. 11

Initial surface water absorptions rates of fiber concrete specimens at 56 days
Initial surface water absorptions rates of fiber concrete specimens at 56 days

Fig. 12

SEM image (3,000×). (A) NG0, (B) NG4, (C) NG8, and (D) NG12
SEM image (3,000×). (A) NG0, (B) NG4, (C) NG8, and (D) NG12

Fig. 13

Resistivity coefficients using the four-electrode method. (A) Normal concrete specimens and (B) Fiber concrete specimens
Resistivity coefficients using the four-electrode method. (A) Normal concrete specimens and (B) Fiber concrete specimens

Fig. 14

Resistivity coefficients using the DC loop resistance test. (A) Normal concrete specimens and (B) Fiber concrete specimens. DC, direct current
Resistivity coefficients using the DC loop resistance test. (A) Normal concrete specimens and (B) Fiber concrete specimens. DC, direct current

Fig. 15

Relationship between resistance variation, stress, and strain of the normal concrete group. (A) NG0, (B) NG4, (C) NG8, (D) NG12, and (E) NG16
Relationship between resistance variation, stress, and strain of the normal concrete group. (A) NG0, (B) NG4, (C) NG8, (D) NG12, and (E) NG16

Fig. 16

Relationship between resistance variation, stress, and strain of the fiber concrete group. (A) KG0, (B) KG4, (C) KG8, (D) KG12, and (E) KG16
Relationship between resistance variation, stress, and strain of the fiber concrete group. (A) KG0, (B) KG4, (C) KG8, (D) KG12, and (E) KG16

Fig. 17

Resistance variations in the normal specimens under cyclic loading at 50% of ultimate load. (A) NG0 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, (B) NG4 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, (C) NG8 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, and (D) NG16 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load
Resistance variations in the normal specimens under cyclic loading at 50% of ultimate load. (A) NG0 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, (B) NG4 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, (C) NG8 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, and (D) NG16 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load

Fig. 18

Resistance variations in the fiber specimens under cyclic loading at 30% and 50% of ultimate load. (A) KG0 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, (B) KG4 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, (C) KG8 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, and (D) KG16 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load
Resistance variations in the fiber specimens under cyclic loading at 30% and 50% of ultimate load. (A) KG0 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, (B) KG4 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, (C) KG8 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load, and (D) KG16 specimens at 50% of the ultimate load

Concrete tests

Specimen Properties Detailed tests Standard
Concrete Hardened concrete properties Compressive strength test ASTM C39
Elastic modulus test ASTM C469
Flexural strength test ASTM C78
Permeability Saturated absorption test ASTM C642
ISA test BS 1881
Microscopic properties Scanning electron microscopy ASTM C1723
Electrical properties Four-electrode resistivity test Wenner method
DC loop resistance test Designed method in Section 2.3
Cyclic loading test

Mixture designs of concrete (kg/m3)

Mix No. Water Cement Coarse aggregates Fine aggregates Graphite powders K fibers Superplasticizer
NG0 236.46 535.0 929.8 612.96 0 0 2.67
NG4 234.85 513.6 929.8 612.96 21.4 0 4.28
NG8 233.54 492.2 929.8 612.96 42.8 0 5.59
NG12 232.17 470.8 929.8 612.96 64.2 0 6.96
NG16 231.64 449.4 929.8 612.96 85.6 0 7.49
KG0 236.46 535.0 929.8 612.96 0 6.5 2.67
KG4 234.85 513.6 929.8 612.96 21.4 6.5 4.28
KG8 233.54 492.2 929.8 612.96 42.8 6.5 5.59
KG12 232.17 470.8 929.8 612.96 64.2 6.5 6.66
KG16 231.64 449.4 929.8 612.96 85.6 6.5 7.49

Properties of Kuralon fibers

Property Testing value
Relative density 1.30
Tensile strength 880–1,600 MPa
Elongation 6%
Elastic modulus 29.12 GPa

Permeability of concrete [39]

Time (min) Permeability of concrete using ISA (ml/m2s)
Low Average High
10 <0.25 0.25–0.50 >0.50
30 <0.17 0.17–0.35 >0.35
60 <0.07 0.10–0.20 >0.20
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