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The effect of varied types of steel fibers on the performance of self-compacting concrete modified with volcanic pumice powder

Hassan M. Magbool
Hassan M. Magbool
 et 
Abdullah M. Zeyad
Abdullah M. Zeyad
   | 01 oct. 2021
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Publié en ligne: 01 oct. 2021
Pages: 172 - 187
Reçu: 01 juin 2021
Accepté: 22 juil. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2021-0016
Mots clés
© 2021 Hassan M. Magbool et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

The VPP used in this research. VPP, volcanic pumice powder.
The VPP used in this research. VPP, volcanic pumice powder.

Fig. 2

Sieve analysis of cement and VPP. VPP, volcanic pumice powder.
Sieve analysis of cement and VPP. VPP, volcanic pumice powder.

Fig. 3

Sieve analysis aggregate (A) for sand and (B) for gravel.
Sieve analysis aggregate (A) for sand and (B) for gravel.

Fig. 4

Test setups for evaluating mechanical properties of concrete: (A) compression test; (B) indirect tensile; (C) flexural strength test.
Test setups for evaluating mechanical properties of concrete: (A) compression test; (B) indirect tensile; (C) flexural strength test.

Fig. 5

Results of bleeding and segregation test of all concrete mixtures. SCC, self-compacting concrete; SCF, fiber-reinforced SCC.
Results of bleeding and segregation test of all concrete mixtures. SCC, self-compacting concrete; SCF, fiber-reinforced SCC.

Fig. 6

Relationship between results of segregation and bleeding results.
Relationship between results of segregation and bleeding results.

Fig. 7

Compressive strength of all mixtures at different ages. SCC, self-compacting concrete; SCF, fiber-reinforced SCC.
Compressive strength of all mixtures at different ages. SCC, self-compacting concrete; SCF, fiber-reinforced SCC.

Fig. 8

Indirect tensile strength for all mixtures at different ages. SCC, self-compacting concrete; SCF, fiber-reinforced SCC.
Indirect tensile strength for all mixtures at different ages. SCC, self-compacting concrete; SCF, fiber-reinforced SCC.

Fig. 9

Relationship between results of compressive and indirect tensile strength.
Relationship between results of compressive and indirect tensile strength.

Fig. 10

Flexural toughness indices according to ASTM C 1018 [35].
Flexural toughness indices according to ASTM C 1018 [35].

Fig. 11

Flexural load–deflection curve of all concrete mixtures. SCC, self-compacting concrete; SCF, fiber-reinforced SCC.
Flexural load–deflection curve of all concrete mixtures. SCC, self-compacting concrete; SCF, fiber-reinforced SCC.

Fig. 12

First-crack loads and areas under the curve comparison of all concrete mixtures: (A) first-crack load; (B) first-crack deflection; (C) area under the curve of δ; (D) area under the curve of 3.5δ; (E) area under the curve of 5.5δ; (F) area under the curve of 10.5δ.
First-crack loads and areas under the curve comparison of all concrete mixtures: (A) first-crack load; (B) first-crack deflection; (C) area under the curve of δ; (D) area under the curve of 3.5δ; (E) area under the curve of 5.5δ; (F) area under the curve of 10.5δ.

Fig. 13

Toughness indices and residual strength factors comparison of all concrete mixtures: (A) toughness index – I5; (B) toughness index – I10; (C) toughness index – I20; (D) residual strength – R5,10; (E) residual strength – R10,20.
Toughness indices and residual strength factors comparison of all concrete mixtures: (A) toughness index – I5; (B) toughness index – I10; (C) toughness index – I20; (D) residual strength – R5,10; (E) residual strength – R10,20.

Fig. 14

Flexural toughness indices according to ACI 544 [45].
Flexural toughness indices according to ACI 544 [45].

Fig. 15

Toughness indices comparison of all concrete mixtures. SCF, fiber-reinforced SCC.
Toughness indices comparison of all concrete mixtures. SCF, fiber-reinforced SCC.

Physical properties of VPP and cement.

Property VPP Cement
Relative density 2.61 3.10
Surface area (cm2/g) Blaine method 3.970 3.530
Median diameter (μm) 6.3 9.2

Chemical composition of VPP and cement.

Oxide VPP % Cement %
SiO2 46.5 20.05
Al2O3 17.59 4.93
Fe2O3 7.33 3.90
CaO 12.52 61.57
MgO 6.94 0.81
Na2O 2.58 0.08
TiO2 1.41 0.24
K2O 1.17 1.33
P2O5 0.71 0.08
SO3 0.42 3.06
MnO 0.14 0.19
Cl 0.01 –
LOI 1.61 2.10
SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 76.01 –

The SCC mixtures fresh state characteristics.

Mixture L-box Slump flow Segregation Bleeding Density
Ratio (mm) % (ml/cm2) (kg/m3)
SCC 0.92 690 9.6 0.21 2,336
SCF1 Restricted 450 6.3 0.19 2,269
SCF2 Restricted 480 6.5 0.18 2,321
SCF3 Restricted 520 5.4 0.16 2,315
SCF4 Restricted 490 6.8 0.12 2,276
SCF5 Restricted 480 7.4 0.12 2,304
SCF6 Restricted 510 5.9 0.15 2,219

The absorption and porosity of SCC mixtures.

SCC SCF1 SCF2 SCF3 SCF4 SCF5 SCF6
Porosity % 15 16.10 16.02 16.90 16.30 16.74 18.12
Absorption % 7.33 7.64 7.42 7.88 7.71 7.84 9.03

Copolymer-based SP properties.

Properties Information
Chemical base Modified polycarboxylate in water
Color Liquid/turbid to light yellowish
Density 1.070 (20°C)
Chloride ion content <0.1% w/w
Alkaligehalte <0.5% w/w

Physical properties of VPD and cement.

SF
Item
Hooked end SF1 Flat end SF2 Hooked end SF3 Micro SF4 Micro SF5
Specific gravity 7.85 7.85 7.85 7.85 7.85
Length (mm) 60 50 30 21 13
Diameter (deq) (mm) 0.92 0.9 0.55 0.35 0.2
Aspect ratio 65 56 55 60 65
Young’s modulus (Es) (GPa) 210 210 210 200 200
Tensile strength (ft) (MPa) 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,100–1,300 1,100–1,300

Properties of concrete mixture.

Mixture Cement VPP Gravel Sand SF1 SF2 SF3 SF4 SF5 Water SP
(kg/m3)
SCC 350 150 801 822 – – – – – 220 6.5
SCF1 350 150 801 795 78.4 – – – – 220 6.5
SCF2 350 150 801 795 – 78.4 – – – 220 6.5
SCF3 350 150 801 795 – – 78.4 – – 220 6.5
SCF4 350 150 801 795 – – – 78.4 – 220 6.5
SCF5 350 150 801 795 – – – – 78.4 220 6.5
SCF6 350 150 801 795 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 220 6.5
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