Analysis of the static and dynamic properties of wear-resistant Hardox 600 steel in the context of its application in working elements

Konat, Ł.; Jasiński, R.; Białobrzeska, B.; Szczepański, Ł.

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Analysis of the static and dynamic properties of wear-resistant Hardox 600 steel in the context of its application in working elements

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06 juil. 2021

Materials Science-Poland

Édition 39 (2021): Edition 1 (Mars 2021)

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Publié en ligne: 06 juil. 2021

Pages: 86 - 102

Reçu: 27 mars 2021

Accepté: 27 mars 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2021-0007

Mots clés
martensitic boron steel, steel resistant to abrasive wear, mechanical properties, structures, ductile to brittle transition temperature, fractographic analysis

© 2021 Ł. Konat et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Time-temperature graph for steel with chemical composition (% by mass): C-0.44, Si-0.17, Mn-0.53, P-0.006, S-0.002, Al-0.04, Cr-0.31, Cu-0.01, Co-0.02, Ni-2.03, Mo-0.14, B-0.002, Ti-0.006, V-0.006; austenitized in temperature TA = 788 °C, assumed size of the former austenite grain – 10 μm. (A) Constant cooling – CCT. (B) Isothermal cooling – TTT. Assigned temperatures for individual transformations, phases and components of the structure: pearlite – 708 °C, ferrite – 738 °C, bainite – 550 °C, martensite (50%) – 264 °C, martensite (90 %) – 179 °C, MS = 300 °C.

Hardox 600 steel’s microstructure in the delivery state with a clearly distinct banding pattern resulting from thermomechanical rolling. (A) Longitudinal orientation – hardness of 560 HBW. (B) Transverse orientation – hardness of 552 HBW. Light microscopy, etched with 3 % HNO3.

Magnified image of the central zone of the microphotography that was shown in Figure 2. (A) Longitudinal orientation – tempered martensite-like structure; a locally (in bands) quenched martensite structure. (B) Transverse orientation – tempered martensite-like structure, a mainly small lath structure. Light microscopy, etched with 3 % HNO3.

Hardox 600 steel microstructure in normalized conditions. (A) Longitudinal orientation – hardness of 347 HBW. (B) Transverse orientation – Hardness of 283 HBW. In both cases, the quenched structures exhibit a wide structural diversity with a great percentage of diffusion structures. Light microscopy, etched with 3 % HNO3.

Magnified image of the central zones of the microphotography that was shown in Figure 4. (A) Longitudinal orientation. (B) Transverse orientation. The microstructures are very similar to each other in terms of their structure – mostly consisting of quenching sorbite and needle martensite, and locally – bainite. Light microscopy, etched with 3 % HNO3.

Selected mechanical properties of Hardox 600 steel based on Table 1: D, state of delivery; N, normalized state; L, longitudinal orientation; T, transverse orientation.

The stress–strain curves of selected (representative) samples of Hardox 600 steel: D, state of delivery; N, normalized state; L, longitudinal orientation; T, transverse orientation.

The ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures of Hardox 600 steel – based on Table ??: D, state of delivery; N, normalized state.

Macroscopic image of fractures in representative specimens of the Hardox 600 steel in the state of delivery: L, longitudinal orientation; T, transverse orientation; frames are used to mark: A – the zone below the notch; B – the central zone; C – the final-fracture zone. SEM, scanning electron microscopy.

Macroscopic image of fractures in representative specimens of the Hardox 600 steel in normalized state: L – longitudinal orientation, T – transverse orientation; frames are used to mark: A – the zone below the notch; B – the central zone; C – the final-fracture zone. SEM, scanning electron microscopy.

Images of the Hardox 600 steel fracture surface in the state of delivery that was shown in Figure 9: longitudinal orientation (+20 °C). (A) The area marked with the A1 frame, ductile zone ≈ 63 %. (B) The area marked with the B1 frame, ductile zone ≈ 50 %. (C) The area marked with the C1 frame, ductile zone ≈ 57 %.

Magnification of the central zones of the respective images that were shown in Figure 11. SC, secondary crack; IC, intercrystalline crack; RP, “river” pattern; S, steps; T, tongues; V, micro-voids; FS, fish scales; I, inclusions; TR, tear ridges.

Images of the Hardox 600 steel fracture surface in the state of delivery that was shown in Figure 9: transverse orientation (+20 °C). (A) The area marked with the A2 frame, ductile zone ≈ 55 %. (B) The area marked with the B2 frame, ductile zone ≈ 57 %. (C) The area marked with the C2 frame, ductile zone ≈ 50 %.

Magnification of the respective central zones of images that were shown in Figure 13. IC, intercrystalline crack; RP, “river” pattern; S, steps; V, micro-voids; FS, fish scales; I, inclusion; TR, tear ridges.

Images of the Hardox 600 steel fracture surface in the delivery state that was shown in Figure 9: longitudinal orientation (−40 °C). (A) The area marked with the A3 frame, ductile zone ≈ 55 %. (B) The area marked with the B3 frame, ductile zone ≈ 53 %. (C) The area marked with the C3 frame, ductile zone ≈ 60 %.

Magnification of the central zones of the respective images that were shown in Figure 15. SC, secondary cracks; IC, intercrystalline crack; V, micro-voids; FS, fish scales; I, inclusions.

Images of the Hardox 600 steel fracture surface in the state of delivery that was shown in Figure 9: transverse orientation (−40 °C). (A) The area marked with the A4 frame, ductile zone ≈ 46 %. (B) The area marked with the B4 frame, ductile zone ≈ 46 %. (C) The area marked with the C4 frame, ductile zone ≈ 39 %.

Magnification of the central zones of the respective images that were shown in Figure 17. SC, secondary cracks; IC, intercrystalline crack; V, micro-voids; FS, fish scales; I, inclusion; TR, tear ridges.

Magnification of the selected fracture zones of the Hardox 600 steel in the state of delivery that was shown in Figure 9. (A) The area marked with the C2 frame, transverse orientation (+20 °C). (B) The area marked with the C4 frame, transverse orientation (–40 °C). SC, secondary crack; IC, intercrystalline cracks; S, steps; V, micro-voids; FS, fish scales; TR, tear ridges.

Images of the surface of the fracture in normalized Hardox 600 steel, which was shown in Figure 10: longitudinal orientation (+20 °C). (A) The area marked with the A1 frame, ductile zone ≈ 18 %. (B) The area marked with the B1 frame, ductile zone ≈ 23 %. (C) The area marked with the C1 frame, ductile zone ≈ 16 %.

Magnification of the central zones of the respective images that are shown in Figure 20. IC, intercrystalline crack; RP, “river” patterns; S, steps; T, tongues; V, micro-voids; FS, fish scales; I, inclusion; TR, tear ridges.

Images of the surface of the fracture in normalized Hardox 600 steel, which was shown in Figure 10: transverse orientation (+20 °C). (A) The area marked with the A2 frame, ductile zone ≈ 20 %. (B) The area marked with the B2 frame, ductile zone ≈ 19 %. (C) The area marked with the C2 frame, ductile zone ≈ 21 %.

Magnification of the central zones of the respective images that were shown in Figure 23. IC, intercrystalline cracks; RP, “river” patterns; S, steps; V, micro-voids; FS, fish scales; TR, tear ridges.

Images of the surface of the fracture in normalized Hardox 600 steel, which was shown in Figure 10: longitudinal orientation (–40 °C). (A) The area marked with the A3 frame, ductile zone ≈ 15 %. (B) The area marked with the B3 frame, ductile zone ≈ 15 %. (C) The area marked with the C3 frame, ductile zone ≈ 14 %.

Magnification of the central zones of the respective images that were shown in Figure 24. IC, intercrystalline cracks; RP, “river” patterns; S, steps; T, tongues; V, micro-voids; FS, fish scales; TR, tear ridges.

Images of the surface of the fracture in normalized Hardox 600 steel, which was shown in Figure 10: transverse orientation (–40 °C). (A) The area marked with the A4 frame, ductile zone ≈ 28 %. (B) The area marked with the B4 frame, ductile zone ≈ 21 %. (C) The area marked with the C4 frame, ductile zone ≈ 27 %.

Magnification of the central zones of the respective images that were shown in Figure 26. IC, intercrystalline cracks; RP, “river” patterns; S, steps; V, micro-voids; FS, fish scale; TR, tear ridges.

Magnification of the selected zones of the fracture in normalized Hardox 600 steel, which were shown in Figure 10. (A) The area marked with the B3 frame, longitudinal orientation (−40 °C). (B) The area marked with the A4 frame, transverse orientation (−40 °C). IC, intercrystalline crack; S, steps; V, micro-voids; FS, fish scale; I, inclusions; TR, tear ridges.

Actual chemical composition of the tested Hardox 600 steel in 12 mm thick steel plates

Selected chemical element [% by mass]
C	Si	Mn	P	S	Cr	Ni	Mo	B
0.44	0.17	0.53	0.006	0.002	0.31	2.03	0.14	0.002
Cu	Al	Ti	Nb	Co	V	Zr	Pb	As
0.01	0.04	0.006	0.000	0.018	0.006	0.002	0.007	0.000

Chemical composition and selected mechanical properties of Hardox 600 steel claimed by the manufacturer (SSAB; Stal-Hurt; SSAB)_

C	Si	Mn	P	S	Cr	Ni	Mo	B	R_p0.2 [MPa]	R_m	A₅ [%]	KCV₋₄₀ [J/cm²]	HBW [mm]	#
Selected chemical element [maximum % by mass]									R_p0.2 [MPa]	R_m	A₅ [%]	KCV₋₄₀ [J/cm²]	HBW [mm]	#
0.40	0.50	1.0	0.015	0.010	1.20	1.50	0.60	–	NA	NA	NA	NA	570–640	3.0–5.0
0.47	0.70	1.50	0.015	0.010	1.20	2.50	0.70	0.005	Min. 1,650	Min. 2,000	Min. 7	Min. 25	570–640	6.0–51.0
0.47	0.70	1.50	0.015	0.010	1.20	2.50	0.70	0.005	Min. 1,650	Min. 2,000	Min. 7	Min. 25	550–640	51.1–65.0

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Analysis of the static and dynamic properties of wear-resistant Hardox 600 steel in the context of its application in working elements

Publié en ligne: 06 juil. 2021

Pages: 86 - 102

Reçu: 27 mars 2021

Accepté: 27 mars 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2021-0007

Mots clés
martensitic boron steel, steel resistant to abrasive wear, mechanical properties, structures, ductile to brittle transition temperature, fractographic analysis

© 2021 Ł. Konat et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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Actual chemical composition of the tested Hardox 600 steel in 12 mm thick steel plates

Chemical composition and selected mechanical properties of Hardox 600 steel claimed by the manufacturer (SSAB; Stal-Hurt; SSAB)_

Analysis of the static and dynamic properties of wear-resistant Hardox 600 steel in the context of its application in working elements

Ł. Konat

R. Jasiński

B. Białobrzeska

Ł. Szczepański

Publié en ligne: 06 juil. 2021

Pages: 86 - 102

Reçu: 27 mars 2021

Accepté: 27 mars 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2021-0007

Mots clésmartensitic boron steel, steel resistant to abrasive wear, mechanical properties, structures, ductile to brittle transition temperature, fractographic analysis

© 2021 Ł. Konat et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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Fig. 28

Actual chemical composition of the tested Hardox 600 steel in 12 mm thick steel plates

Chemical composition and selected mechanical properties of Hardox 600 steel claimed by the manufacturer (SSAB; Stal-Hurt; SSAB)_

Mots clés
martensitic boron steel, steel resistant to abrasive wear, mechanical properties, structures, ductile to brittle transition temperature, fractographic analysis