Severe storms as an example of a natural hazard in the urban area – case studies of the area of Warsaw, Poland

Anderson, G & Klugmann, D 2014, ‘A European lightning density analysis using 5 years of ATD net data’, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 815–829. AndersonG KlugmannD 2014 ‘A European lightning density analysis using 5 years of ATD net data’ Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14 4 815 829 10.5194/nhess-14-815-2014 Search in Google Scholar

Arnold, DL 2008, ‘Severe deep moist convective storms: Forecasting and mitigation’, Geography Compass, no 2/1, pp. 30–66. ArnoldDL 2008 ‘Severe deep moist convective storms: Forecasting and mitigation’ Geography Compass 2/1 30 66 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00069.x Search in Google Scholar

Błażejczyk, K, Kuchcik, M, Błażejczyk, A, Milewski, P & Szmyd, J 2014a, ‘Assessment of urban thermal stress by UTCI – experimental and modelling studies: an example from Poland’, Die Erde, vol. 145, no. 1–2, pp. 16–33. BłażejczykK KuchcikM BłażejczykA MilewskiP SzmydJ 2014a ‘Assessment of urban thermal stress by UTCI – experimental and modelling studies: an example from Poland’ Die Erde 145 1–2 16 33 Search in Google Scholar

Błażejczyk, K, Kuchcik, M, Milewski, P, Dudek, W, Kręcisz, B, Błażejczyk, A, Szmyd, J, Degórska, B & Pałczyński, C 2014b, Miejska wyspa ciepła w Warszawie: uwarunkowania klimatyczne i urbanistyczne [Urban Heat Island in Warsaw: climate and urban characteristics], Wydawnictwo Akademickie SEDNO, Warsaw. BłażejczykK KuchcikM MilewskiP DudekW KręciszB BłażejczykA SzmydJ DegórskaB PałczyńskiC 2014b Miejska wyspa ciepła w Warszawie: uwarunkowania klimatyczne i urbanistyczne [Urban Heat Island in Warsaw: climate and urban characteristics] Wydawnictwo Akademickie SEDNO Warsaw Search in Google Scholar

Bornstein, RD & Johnson, DS 1977, ‘Urban-rural wind velocity differences’, Atmospheric Environment, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 597–604. BornsteinRD JohnsonDS 1977 ‘Urban-rural wind velocity differences’ Atmospheric Environment 11 7 597 604 10.1016/0004-6981(77)90112-3 Search in Google Scholar

Bornstein, RD & Lin, Q 2000, ‘Urban heat islands and summertime convective thunderstorms in Atlanta: three case studies’, Atmospheric Environment, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 507–516. BornsteinRD LinQ 2000 ‘Urban heat islands and summertime convective thunderstorms in Atlanta: three case studies’ Atmospheric Environment 34 3 507 516 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00374-X Search in Google Scholar

Brooks, HE 2013, ‘Severe thunderstorms and climate change’, Atmospheric Research, vol. 123, pp. 129–138. BrooksHE 2013 ‘Severe thunderstorms and climate change’ Atmospheric Research 123 129 138 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.04.002 Search in Google Scholar

Dotzek, N, Groenemeijer, P, Feuerstein, B & Holzerea, AM 2009, ‘Overview of ESSL's severe convective storms research using the European Severe Weather Database ESWD’, Atmospheric Research, vol. 93, no. 1–3, pp. 575–586. DotzekN GroenemeijerP FeuersteinB HolzereaAM 2009 ‘Overview of ESSL's severe convective storms research using the European Severe Weather Database ESWD’ Atmospheric Research 93 1–3 575 586 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.020 Search in Google Scholar

Groenemeijer, P 2005, Sounding-derived parameters associated with severe convective storms in the Netherlands, Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht. GroenemeijerP 2005 Sounding-derived parameters associated with severe convective storms in the Netherlands Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU) Utrecht Search in Google Scholar

Groenemeijer, P & Kühne, T 2014, ‘A climatology of tornadoes in Europe: Results from the European Severe Weather Database’, Monthly Weather Review, vol. 142, pp. 4775–4790. GroenemeijerP KühneT 2014 ‘A climatology of tornadoes in Europe: Results from the European Severe Weather Database’ Monthly Weather Review 142 4775 4790 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00107.1 Search in Google Scholar

Groenemeijer, P, Púčik, T, Holzer, AM, Antonescu, B, Riemann-Campe, K, Schultz, DM, Kühne, T, Feuerstein, B, Brooks, HE, Doswell, CA, Koppert, H & Sausen, R 2017, ‘Severe convective storms in Europe: Ten years of research and education at the European Severe Storms Laboratory’, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 98, pp. 2641–2651. GroenemeijerP PúčikT HolzerAM AntonescuB Riemann-CampeK SchultzDM KühneT FeuersteinB BrooksHE DoswellCA KoppertH SausenR 2017 ‘Severe convective storms in Europe: Ten years of research and education at the European Severe Storms Laboratory’ Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98 2641 2651 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0067.1 Search in Google Scholar

Jackson, PS 1978, ‘Wind structure near a city center’, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 323–340. JacksonPS 1978 ‘Wind structure near a city center’ Boundary-Layer Meteorology 15 3 323 340 10.1007/BF02652604 Search in Google Scholar

Johns, RH & Doswell, CA III 1992,‘Severe local storms forecasting’, Weather and Forecasting, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 588–612. JohnsRH DoswellCAIII 1992 ‘Severe local storms forecasting’ Weather and Forecasting 7 4 588 612 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0588:SLSF>2.0.CO;2 Search in Google Scholar

Kossowska-Cezak, U & Bareja, P 1998, ‘Wpływ zabudowy miejskiej Warszawy na kierunek i prędkość wiatru’ [‘Influence of Warsaw built area on wind direction and speed’], Acta Universitatis Lodziensis, Folia Geographica Physica, vol. 3, pp. 463–465. Kossowska-CezakU BarejaP 1998 ‘Wpływ zabudowy miejskiej Warszawy na kierunek i prędkość wiatru’ [‘Influence of Warsaw built area on wind direction and speed’] Acta Universitatis Lodziensis, Folia Geographica Physica 3 463 465 Search in Google Scholar

Linnenluecke, M & Griffiths, A 2010, ‘Beyond adaptation: Resilience for business in light of climate change and weather extremes’, Business & Society, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 477–511. LinnenlueckeM GriffithsA 2010 ‘Beyond adaptation: Resilience for business in light of climate change and weather extremes’ Business & Society 49 3 477 511 10.1177/0007650310368814 Search in Google Scholar

Lorenc, H (ed.) 2012, Klęski żywiołowe a bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne kraju [Impact of natural disasters on the country's internal security], Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Warsaw. LorencH (ed.) 2012 Klęski żywiołowe a bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne kraju [Impact of natural disasters on the country's internal security] Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy Warsaw Search in Google Scholar

Majewski, W 2002, ‘Powódź w Gdańsku w lipcu 2001’ [‘The flood in Gdańsk in July 2001’], Gospodarka Wodna, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 21–23. MajewskiW 2002 ‘Powódź w Gdańsku w lipcu 2001’ [‘The flood in Gdańsk in July 2001’] Gospodarka Wodna 62 1 21 23 Search in Google Scholar

Mazovian Centre for Regional Research 2019, Ze statystyką przez Warszawę 2019, [With statistics through Warsaw 2019], Statistical Office in Warsaw. Available from: <http://warszawa.stat.gov.pl/>. [31 August 2020]. Mazovian Centre for Regional Research 2019 Ze statystyką przez Warszawę 2019, [With statistics through Warsaw 2019] Statistical Office in Warsaw Available from: <http://warszawa.stat.gov.pl/> [31 August 2020]. Search in Google Scholar

Mejia, JM & Moglen, GE 2010, ‘Impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness on the hydrologic response of an urbanizing basin’, Hydrological Processes, vol. 24, no. 23, pp. 3359–3373. MejiaJM MoglenGE 2010 ‘Impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness on the hydrologic response of an urbanizing basin’ Hydrological Processes 24 23 3359 3373 10.1002/hyp.7755 Search in Google Scholar

Nakamura, Y & Oke, TR 1988, ‘Wind, temperature and stability conditions in an east-west oriented urban canyon’, Atmospheric Environment, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 2691–2700. NakamuraY OkeTR 1988 ‘Wind, temperature and stability conditions in an east-west oriented urban canyon’ Atmospheric Environment 22 12 2691 2700 10.1016/0004-6981(88)90437-4 Search in Google Scholar

National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI) 2016, Radar & meteorological stations data. Available from: <https://danepubliczne.imgw.pl/>. [10.10.2019]. National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI) 2016 Radar & meteorological stations data Available from: <https://danepubliczne.imgw.pl/>. [10.10.2019]. Search in Google Scholar

National Fire Service 2016, Severe weather events data. Available from: <https://www.gov.pl/web/kgpsp/miejscowe-zagrozenia-polska/>. [17.10.2019]. National Fire Service 2016 Severe weather events data Available from: <https://www.gov.pl/web/kgpsp/miejscowe-zagrozenia-polska/>. [17.10.2019]. Search in Google Scholar

Nirupama, N & Simonovic, SP 2007, ‘Increase of flood risk due to urbanization: a Canadian example’, Natural Hazards, vol.40, pp. 25–41. NirupamaN SimonovicSP 2007 ‘Increase of flood risk due to urbanization: a Canadian example’ Natural Hazards 40 25 41 10.1007/s11069-006-0003-0 Search in Google Scholar

Nirupama, N, Adhikari, I & Sheybani, A 2014, ‘Natural hazards in Ontario, Canada: an analysis for resilience building’, Procedia Economics and Finance, vol. 18, pp. 55–61. NirupamaN AdhikariI SheybaniA 2014 ‘Natural hazards in Ontario, Canada: an analysis for resilience building’ Procedia Economics and Finance 18 55 61 10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00913-7 Search in Google Scholar

Pilguj, N, Taszarek, M, Pajurek, Ł & Kryza, M 2019, ‘High-resolution simulation of an isolated tornadic supercell in Poland on 20 June, 2016’, Atmospheric Research, vol. 218, pp. 145–159. PilgujN TaszarekM PajurekŁ KryzaM 2019 ‘High-resolution simulation of an isolated tornadic supercell in Poland on 20 June, 2016’ Atmospheric Research 218 145 159 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.11.017 Search in Google Scholar

Pilorz, W 2014, ‘Radarowa detekcja superkomórek burzowych w Polsce’, Teledetekcja Środowiska, vol. 51, pp. 93–105. PilorzW 2014 ‘Radarowa detekcja superkomórek burzowych w Polsce’ Teledetekcja Środowiska 51 93 105 Search in Google Scholar

Popławska, J 2014, ‘Tornada superkomórkowe w Polsce - studium przypadku z 15 sierpnia 2008’, Prace i Studia Geograficzne, vol. 56, pp. 205–229. PopławskaJ 2014 ‘Tornada superkomórkowe w Polsce - studium przypadku z 15 sierpnia 2008’ Prace i Studia Geograficzne 56 205 229 Search in Google Scholar

Popławska, J 2016, Zastosowanie wybranych metod detekcji tornad i trąb powietrznych na obszarze Polski – studia przypadków [Application of selected methods of detection tornadoes and spouts in Poland – case studies], Ph. D thesis, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies University of Warsaw, Warsaw. PopławskaJ 2016 Zastosowanie wybranych metod detekcji tornad i trąb powietrznych na obszarze Polski – studia przypadków [Application of selected methods of detection tornadoes and spouts in Poland – case studies] Ph. D thesis, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies University of Warsaw Warsaw Search in Google Scholar

Poręba, S & Ustrnul, Z 2019, ‘Forecasting experiences associated with supercells over South-Western Poland on July 7, 2017’, Atmospheric Research, vol. 232, no. 104681. PorębaS UstrnulZ 2019 ‘Forecasting experiences associated with supercells over South-Western Poland on July 7, 2017’ Atmospheric Research 232 104681 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104681 Search in Google Scholar

Púčik, T, Groenemeijen, P, Rýva, D & Kolář, M 2015, ‘Proximity soundings of severe and nonsevere thunderstorms in central Europe’, Monthly Weather Review, vol. 143, no. 12, pp. 4805–4821. PúčikT GroenemeijenP RývaD KolářM 2015 ‘Proximity soundings of severe and nonsevere thunderstorms in central Europe’ Monthly Weather Review 143 12 4805 4821 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0104.1 Search in Google Scholar

Richter, A, Ruck, B, Mohr, A & Kunz, M 2018, ‘Interaction of severe convective gusts with a street canyon’, Urban Climate, vol. 23, pp. 71–90. RichterA RuckB MohrA KunzM 2018 ‘Interaction of severe convective gusts with a street canyon’ Urban Climate 23 71 90 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.11.003 Search in Google Scholar

Rotach, MW & Calanca, P 2003, ‘Microclimate’ in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, eds JR Holton, JA Curry & JA Pyle, Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp. 1301–1307. RotachMW CalancaP 2003 ‘Microclimate’ in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences eds HoltonJR CurryJA PyleJA Academic Press Amsterdam 1301 1307 10.1016/B0-12-227090-8/00225-6 Search in Google Scholar

Taszarek, M, Brooks, HE & Czernecki, B 2017, ‘Sounding-derived parameters associated with convective hazards in Europe’, Monthly Weather Review, vol. 145, pp. 1511–1528. TaszarekM BrooksHE CzerneckiB 2017 ‘Sounding-derived parameters associated with convective hazards in Europe’ Monthly Weather Review 145 1511 1528 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0384.1 Search in Google Scholar

Taszarek, M, Piguj, N, Orlikowski, J, Surowiecki, A, Walczakiewicz, S, Pilorz, W, Piasecki, K, Pajurek, Ł, Półrolniczak, M 2019, ‘Derecho Evolving from a Mesocyclone—A Study of 11 August 2017 Severe Weather Outbreak in Poland: Event Analysis and High-Resolution Simulation’, Monthly Weather Review, vol. 147, pp. 2283–2306. TaszarekM PigujN OrlikowskiJ SurowieckiA WalczakiewiczS PilorzW PiaseckiK PajurekŁ PółrolniczakM 2019 ‘Derecho Evolving from a Mesocyclone—A Study of 11 August 2017 Severe Weather Outbreak in Poland: Event Analysis and High-Resolution Simulation’ Monthly Weather Review 147 2283 2306 10.1175/MWR-D-18-0330.1 Search in Google Scholar

Wawer, J 1995, ‘Wpływ warunków pogodowych na intensywność miejskiej wyspy ciepła w Warszawie’ [‘Influence of weather conditions on the intensity of urban heat island in Warsaw’] in Klimat i bioklimat miast, [‘Climate and bioclimate of cities’], ed. K Kłysik, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź, pp. 71–78. WawerJ 1995 ‘Wpływ warunków pogodowych na intensywność miejskiej wyspy ciepła w Warszawie’ [‘Influence of weather conditions on the intensity of urban heat island in Warsaw’] in Klimat i bioklimat miast, [‘Climate and bioclimate of cities’] ed. KłysikK Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego Łódź 71 78 Search in Google Scholar

Wawer, J 1997, ‘Miejska wyspa ciepła w Warszawie’ [‘Urban heat Island in Warsaw’], Prace i Studia Geograficzne, vol. 20, pp. 145–197. WawerJ 1997 ‘Miejska wyspa ciepła w Warszawie’ [‘Urban heat Island in Warsaw’] Prace i Studia Geograficzne 20 145 197 Search in Google Scholar

Żmudzka, E 2016, ‘Zmienność czasowa i zróżnicowanie przestrzenne wybranych elementów klimatu na terenie Warszawy’ [‘Temporal variability and spatial diversity of selected climate elements in Warsaw’], Zakład Klimatologii Wydziału Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych, University of Warsaw, Warsaw. ŻmudzkaE 2016 ‘Zmienność czasowa i zróżnicowanie przestrzenne wybranych elementów klimatu na terenie Warszawy’ [‘Temporal variability and spatial diversity of selected climate elements in Warsaw’] Zakład Klimatologii Wydziału Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych University of Warsaw Warsaw Search in Google Scholar

Żmudzka, E, Kulesza, K, Lenartowicz, M, Leziak, K, Magnuszewski, A 2019, ‘Assessment of modern hydro-meteorological hazards in a big city – identification for Warsaw’, Meteorological Applications, vol. 26, pp. 500–510. ŻmudzkaE KuleszaK LenartowiczM LeziakK MagnuszewskiA 2019 ‘Assessment of modern hydro-meteorological hazards in a big city – identification for Warsaw’ Meteorological Applications 26 500 510 10.1002/met.1779 Search in Google Scholar

Żmudzka, E 2019 ‘Badania klimatu Warszawy prowadzone w Zakładzie Klimatologii Wydziału Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (1951–2018)’ [‘Studies on Warsaw's climate carried out at the Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw (1951–2018)’], Acta Geographica Lodziensia, vol. 108, pp. 127–139. ŻmudzkaE 2019 ‘Badania klimatu Warszawy prowadzone w Zakładzie Klimatologii Wydziału Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (1951–2018)’ [‘Studies on Warsaw's climate carried out at the Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw (1951–2018)’] Acta Geographica Lodziensia 108 127 139 Search in Google Scholar