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The grey wolf (Canis lupus) as a host of Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus s.l. and other helminths – a new zoonotic threat in Poland

Jacek Karamon

Jacek Karamon

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research InstitutePuławy, Poland
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Karamon, Jacek
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Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg

Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research InstitutePuławy, Poland
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Samorek-Pieróg, Małgorzata
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Ewa Bilska-Zając

Ewa Bilska-Zając

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research InstitutePuławy, Poland
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Bilska-Zając, Ewa
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Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba

Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research InstitutePuławy, Poland
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Korpysa-Dzirba, Weronika
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Jacek Sroka

Jacek Sroka

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research InstitutePuławy, Poland
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Sroka, Jacek
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Jolanta Zdybel

Jolanta Zdybel

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research InstitutePuławy, Poland
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Zdybel, Jolanta
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Tomasz Cencek

Tomasz Cencek

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research InstitutePuławy, Poland
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Cencek, Tomasz
  
06 nov. 2024
The grey wolf (Canis lupus) as a host of Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus s.l. and other helminths – a new zoonotic threat in Poland's Cover Image
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Publié en ligne: 06 nov. 2024
Pages: 539 - 549
Reçu: 29 mai 2024
Accepté: 23 oct. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0060
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© 2024 Jacek Karamon et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

Geographical location of wolf faecal samples collected for the study. Numbers of samples obtained in individual locations are represented by circles of different sizes. Green circles – Echinococcus multilocularis-positive samples; red circles – E. ortleppi-positive samples; white circles – Echinococcus spp.-negative samples
Geographical location of wolf faecal samples collected for the study. Numbers of samples obtained in individual locations are represented by circles of different sizes. Green circles – Echinococcus multilocularis-positive samples; red circles – E. ortleppi-positive samples; white circles – Echinococcus spp.-negative samples

Fig. 2.

Phylogenetic trees of Echinococcus multilocularis based on the cox1 gene (A) and nad2 gene (B). EmPL_cox_A-EmPL_cox_G and EmPL_nad_A-EmPL_nad_D – Polish haplotypes (* – sequences of this study); Aus – Austria; Can/Can_SK1 – Canada; CHM – China (Inner Mongolia); CHS – China (Sichuan); Est2 – Estonia; Fra – France; Jap – Japan, Kaz – Kazakhstan; Kyr – Kyrgyzstan; RUS14 – Russia; Slo – Slovakia; US-I – USA (Indiana). Values on the tree nodes are bootstrap proportions (%)
Phylogenetic trees of Echinococcus multilocularis based on the cox1 gene (A) and nad2 gene (B). EmPL_cox_A-EmPL_cox_G and EmPL_nad_A-EmPL_nad_D – Polish haplotypes (* – sequences of this study); Aus – Austria; Can/Can_SK1 – Canada; CHM – China (Inner Mongolia); CHS – China (Sichuan); Est2 – Estonia; Fra – France; Jap – Japan, Kaz – Kazakhstan; Kyr – Kyrgyzstan; RUS14 – Russia; Slo – Slovakia; US-I – USA (Indiana). Values on the tree nodes are bootstrap proportions (%)

Combined results of multiplex and quantitative PCR analysis of wolf faeces samples (n = 74) to detect helminth DNA

Positive results
n % (95% CI)
Echinococcus multilocularis 5 6.8 (2.9–14.9)
Echinocccus granulosus s.l.a 3 4.1 (1.4–11.3)
Taenia spp.b 32 43.2 (32.6–54.6)
Mesocestoides litteratus 3 4.1 (1.4–11.3)

Occurrence of helminths in wolf intestines (n = 20) estimated using sedimentation and counting technique taking into account the location and distribution of parasites in individual parts of the intestines

Helminth Entire intestines (small + large) Small intestine Large intestine
Anterior part Middle part Posterior part
% Positive (95% CI) Mean intensity (range) [CV] % Positive (95% CI) Mean intensity (range) [CV] % Positive (95% CI) Mean intensity (range) [CV] % Positive (95% CI) Mean intensity (range) [CV] % Positive (95% CI) Mean intensity (range) [CV]
Echinococcus multilocularis 10 (3–30) 27,833 (6–55,660) [141%] 10 (3–30) 1,832 (3–3,660) [141%] 10 (3–30) 26,002 (3–52,000) [141%] 0 - 5 (1–24) 8
E. granulosus s.l.a 10 (3–30) 250 (64–436) [105%] 10 (3–30) 184 (42–326) [109%] 10 (3–30) 61 (14–108) [109%] 10 (3–30) 3 (1–5) [94%] 10 (3–30) 2 (1–3) [71%]
Taenia spp. 100 33 (1–208) [135%] 90 (70–97) 5 (1–30) [178%] 90 (70–97) 24 (1–150) [140%] 80 (58–92) 8 (1–30) [121%] 35 1.3 (1–3) [59%]
Mesocestoides spp. 10 (3–30) 15 (1–28) [131%] 5 (1–24) 1 5 (1–24) 28 0 - 0 -
Euryhelmis spp. 5 (1–24) 477 0 - 0 - 5 (1–24) 477 0 -
Alaria alata 20 (8–40) 34 (1–135) [190%] 20 (8–40) 34 (1–135) [190%] 0 - 0 - 0 -
Uncinaria/ Ancylostoma 30 (15–50) 45 (1–219) [188%] 10 (3–30) 1 30 (15–50) 32 (1–148) [183%] 15 (5–36) 26 (1–70) [144%] 5 (1–24) 2
Molineus spp. 5 (1–24) 47 5 (1–24) 1 5 (1–24) 1 5 (1–24) 45 0 -
Trichuris vulpis 15 (5–36) 1 0 - 0 - 0 - 15 (5–36) 1
Total (all parasites) 100 - 90 (70–97) - 90 (70–97) - 85 (64–95) - 55 (34–74) -

Results of microscopic examination (flotation) of wolf faeces for helminths (n = 63)

% of positive samples (95% CI) Mean EPG/OPG (range) (CV)
Taeniidae 27.0 (17.6–39.0) 399 (15–3,000) (186%)
Trematoda 3.2 (0.9–10.9) 26 (15–50) (76%)
Capillariidae 58.7 (46.4–70.0) 316 (7–2,250) (173%)
Uncinaria/Ancylostoma 1.6 (0.2–8.5) 15
Trichuris vulpis 1.6 (0.2–8.5) 15
Toxocara sp. 1.6 (0.2–8.5) 15
Coccidia 1.6 (0.2–8.5) 300
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Sciences de la vie, Biologie moléculaire, Microbiologie et virologie, Sciences de la vie, autres, Médecine, Médecine vétérinaire
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