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SARS-CoV-2 monitoring on mink farms in Poland

Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
, 
Anna Orłowska
Anna Orłowska
, 
Marcin Smreczak
Marcin Smreczak
, 
Bas Oude Munnink
Bas Oude Munnink
, 
Paweł Trębas
Paweł Trębas
, 
Wojciech Socha
Wojciech Socha
, 
Krzysztof Niemczuk
Krzysztof Niemczuk
, 
Magdalena Kawiak-Sadurska
Magdalena Kawiak-Sadurska
, 
Justyna Opolska
Justyna Opolska
, 
Anna Lisowska
Anna Lisowska
, 
Aleksandra Giza
Aleksandra Giza
, 
Arkadiusz Bomba
Arkadiusz Bomba
, 
Ewelina Iwan
Ewelina Iwan
, 
Marion Koopmans
Marion Koopmans
 et 
Jerzy Rola
Jerzy Rola
   | 03 déc. 2022
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Publié en ligne: 03 déc. 2022
Pages: 449 - 458
Reçu: 13 avr. 2022
Accepté: 15 nov. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0066
Mots clés
© 2022 K. Domańska-Blicharz et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Locations of inspected mink farms (marked as grey dots) and those which were SARS-CoV-2 positive (marked as red dots)
Locations of inspected mink farms (marked as grey dots) and those which were SARS-CoV-2 positive (marked as red dots)

Fig. 2

Maximum-likelihood phylogenic tree constructed using the SARS-CoV-2 sequences from all Polish mink farms obtained in this and previous studies. The tree was processed with the Nextclade open source tool (https://clades.nextstrain.org/tree)
Maximum-likelihood phylogenic tree constructed using the SARS-CoV-2 sequences from all Polish mink farms obtained in this and previous studies. The tree was processed with the Nextclade open source tool (https://clades.nextstrain.org/tree)

Summary of mink farm SARS-CoV-2 monitoring data amassed during a period of 14 months

Voivodeship 2021 (February–December) 2022 (January–March) Total Number of positive farms
No. of farms No. of swabs No. of farms No. of swabs No. of farms No. of swabs
Mazowieckie 58 1,160 28 420 86 1,580 0
Podkarpackie 8 160 5 75 13 235 1
Lubuskie 35 700 19 295 54 995 0
Wielkopolskie 117 2,340 87 1,472 204 3,812 1
Zachodniopomorskie 54 1,080 8 420 62 1,500 3
Pomorskie 19 380 1 20 20 400 1
Dolnośląskie 14 280 0 0 14 280 0
Kujawsko-Pomorskie 24 480 0 0 24 480 1
Lubelskie 36 1,120 22 356 58 1,476 2
Łódzkie 6 120 1 15 7 135 1
Małopolskie 7 140 1 15 8 155 0
Opolskie 6 120 0 0 6 120 0
Podlaskie 10 200 0 0 10 200 1
Świętokrzyskie 6 120 13 185 19 305 0
Warmińsko-Mazurskie 1 20 0 0 1 20 0
Śląskie 8 160 0 0 8 160 0
Total 409 8,580 185 3,273 594 11,853 11

A summary of the analysis of positive mink farms

rRT-PCR
No Date of sample collection Voivodeship Location Positive/Tested Ct value range*
Wisznice (house 1) 2/20 21.8–25.5
1 16/06/2021 Lubelskie Wisznice (house 2) 1/20 28.9
2 22/11/2021 Kujawsko-Pomorskie Kraczki 1/20 28.9
3 Zieleniewo1 1/20 30.5
4 30/11/2021 Zachodniopomorskie Zieleniewo2 13/20 24.7–36.8
5 Ołużna 19/20 18.9–37.3
6 01/12/2021 Wielkopolskie Biadki 18/20 17.6–36.4
7 14/12/2021 Podkarpackie Janowiec 20/20 28.1–30.4
8 15/12/2021 Podlaskie Kościuki 2/20 32.1–35.3
9 20/12/2021 Pomorskie Leźno 10/20 19.1–26.3
10 20/12/2021 Lubelskie Kłoczew 5/20 28.9–30.2
11 20/01/2022 Łódzkie Stefanów 2/20 20.5–21.8

Molecular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 detected in farmed mink in Poland in the studied period

No Mink farm Gisaid_ID Clade Pango lineage Nucleotide Frame shifts Amino acid
substit. delet. substit. delet.
1 Wisznice, house 2, EPI_ISL_3218555 GR/20B B.1.1 31 0 0 18 0
Lubelskie EPI_ISL_3218557 31 0 0 18 0
2 Kraczki, Kujawsko-Pomorskie EPI_ISL_7721854 GK/21J (Delta) AY.43 44 13 0 34 4
EPI_ISL_8693906 38 13 0 33 4
3 Ołużna, Zachodniopomorskie EPI_ISL_8693911 GK/21J (Delta) AY.43 40 14 1 34 4
EPI_ISL_8693912 38 13 0 33 4
4 ZieleniewoZachodniopomorskie 1, EPI_ISL_8693816 GK/21J (Delta) AY.43 38 13 0 33 4
EPI_ISL_8693913 41 13 0 34 4
5 Biadki, Wielkopolskie EPI_ISL_8693914 GK/21J (Delta) AY.43 41 13 0 34 4
EPI_ISL_8693915 41 13 0 34 4
EPI_ISL_9640028 51 104 1 37 34
6 Janowiec, Podkarpackie EPI_ISL_9640033 GK/21J (Delta) AY.126 50 107 1 37 34
EPI_ISL_9640052 50 107 1 37 34
7 Kościuki, Podlaskie EPI_ISL_9640055 GRY/20I (Alpha, V1) B.1.1.7 52 37 0 30 11
8 Leźno, Pomorskie EPI_ISL_9640059 GK/21J (Delta) B.1.617.2 47 16 0 37 5
EPI_ISL_9640062 45 47 1 36 12
9 Kłoczew, Lubelskie EPI_ISL_9640065 GK/21J (Delta) AY.122 41 16 0 32 4
EPI_ISL_10337406 74 53 0 51 12
10 Stefanów, Łódzkie EPI_ISL_10337127 GRA/21L (Omicron) BA.2 72 53 0 51 12

Sequence mutations in SARS-CoV-2 detected in farmed mink in Poland in the studied period

No Mink farm Pango lineage Nonsynonymous mutations in the S protein in comparison to the Wuhan reference strain
1 Wisznice, Lubelskie house 2, B.1.1 Q183R, Y453F, K558N, D614G, C1236F
2 Kraczki, Kujawsko- Pomorskie AY.43 T19R, E96A, G142D, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N, E156-, F157-
3 Ołużna, Zachodniopomorskie AY.43 T19R, G142D, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N, E156-, F157-
4 Zieleniewo1, Zachodniopomorskie AY.43 T19R, G142D, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N, E156-, F157-
5 Biadki, Wielkopolskie AY.43 T19R, G142D, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N, E156-, F157-
6 Janowiec, Podkarpackie AY.126 T19R, T95I, G142D, R158G, G181V, L452R, T478K, N532S, D614G, P681R, I850L, D950N, K1045N E156-, F157-
7 Kościuki, Podlaskie B.1.1.7 S94F, Y453F, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H H69-, Y144-, H245-, S247-, V70-, L244-, R246-, Y248-
8 Leźno, Pomorskie B.1.617.2 T19R, T95I, G142D, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N, E156-, F157-
9 Kłoczew, Lubelskie AY.122 T19R, G142D, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N E156-, F157-
10 Stefanów, Łódzkie BA.2 T19I, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K L24-, P25-, P26-

Results of oral swab and serum sample analysis collected in two houses in Wisznice in the Lubelskie voivodeship

House Date of sample collection Sample Number
 Results* Prevalence (%)
Collected Positive
16/06/2021 20 2 21.8–25.5 10
1 19/07/2021 Oral swab 90 1 28.8 1.1
02/08/2021 Serum of kitten 15 15 1.25 100
Serum of adult 15 14 1.64 93.3
16/06/2021 20 2 28.5–30.7 10
19/07/2021 Oral swab 60 0 - 0
2 Serum of kitten 15 15 1.04 100
02/08/2021 Serum of adult 15 14 1.25 93.3
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