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The impact of a modified anaesthetic protocol on animal survival and the characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias in the course of acute myocardial infarction in a domestic pig model

Piotr Frydrychowski
Piotr Frydrychowski
, 
Marcin Michałek
Marcin Michałek
, 
Wiktor Kuliczkowski
Wiktor Kuliczkowski
, 
Krzysztof Nowak
Krzysztof Nowak
, 
Piotr Skrzypczak
Piotr Skrzypczak
, 
Iwona Bil-Lula
Iwona Bil-Lula
 et 
Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak
Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak
   | 30 août 2022
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Publié en ligne: 30 août 2022
Pages: 435 - 447
Reçu: 07 mars 2022
Accepté: 18 août 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0046
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© 2022 P. Frydrychowski et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Coronary angiography performed on a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol
Coronary angiography performed on a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol

Fig. 2

Coronary angiography presented occlusion of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery achieved with an angioplasty balloon in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction in a modified anaesthetic protocol
Coronary angiography presented occlusion of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery achieved with an angioplasty balloon in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction in a modified anaesthetic protocol

Fig. 3

Features of acute myocardial ischemia – ST-segment elevation in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol. The sinus rhythm is shown at a rate of 106 bpm. V1 – costochondral junction of the right first intercostal space; V2 – sixth intercostal space, to the left of the sternum; V3 – midway point between leads V2 and V4; V4 – costochondral junction of the sixth intercostal space; V5 – sixth intercostal space, dorsal to V4 at a distance equal to the distance between V2 and V3 or V3 and V4; V6 – sixth intercostal space, dorsal to V5 at a distance equal to the distance between V2 and V3, V3 and V4 or V4 and V5. Paper speed: 50 mm/s; amplitude: 10 mm/mV; 25 Hz notch filter; Fuzzy+ software filter
Features of acute myocardial ischemia – ST-segment elevation in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol. The sinus rhythm is shown at a rate of 106 bpm. V1 – costochondral junction of the right first intercostal space; V2 – sixth intercostal space, to the left of the sternum; V3 – midway point between leads V2 and V4; V4 – costochondral junction of the sixth intercostal space; V5 – sixth intercostal space, dorsal to V4 at a distance equal to the distance between V2 and V3 or V3 and V4; V6 – sixth intercostal space, dorsal to V5 at a distance equal to the distance between V2 and V3, V3 and V4 or V4 and V5. Paper speed: 50 mm/s; amplitude: 10 mm/mV; 25 Hz notch filter; Fuzzy+ software filter

Fig. 4a

Single ventricular premature complex (the 4th beat) of left ventricular origin in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol. I – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left superior limb and the right superior limb; II – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the right superior limb; III – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the left superior limb; aVR – augmented unipolar right limb lead; aVL – augmented unipolar left limb lead; aVF – augmented unipolar left hindlimb lead. The sinus rhythm is shown at a rate of 63 bpm. Paper speed: 50 mm/s; amplitude: 10 mm/mV; 25 Hz notch filter; Fuzzy+ software filter
Single ventricular premature complex (the 4th beat) of left ventricular origin in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol. I – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left superior limb and the right superior limb; II – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the right superior limb; III – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the left superior limb; aVR – augmented unipolar right limb lead; aVL – augmented unipolar left limb lead; aVF – augmented unipolar left hindlimb lead. The sinus rhythm is shown at a rate of 63 bpm. Paper speed: 50 mm/s; amplitude: 10 mm/mV; 25 Hz notch filter; Fuzzy+ software filter

Fig. 4b

Single ventricular premature complex (the fifth beat) of right ventricular origin in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol. I – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left superior limb and the right superior limb; II – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the right superior limb; III – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the left superior limb; aVR – augmented unipolar right limb lead; aVL – augmented unipolar left limb lead; aVF – augmented unipolar left hindlimb lead. The sinus rhythm is shown at a rate of 92 bpm. Paper speed: 50 mm/s; amplitude: 10 mm/mV; 25 Hz notch filter; Fuzzy+ software filter
Single ventricular premature complex (the fifth beat) of right ventricular origin in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol. I – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left superior limb and the right superior limb; II – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the right superior limb; III – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the left superior limb; aVR – augmented unipolar right limb lead; aVL – augmented unipolar left limb lead; aVF – augmented unipolar left hindlimb lead. The sinus rhythm is shown at a rate of 92 bpm. Paper speed: 50 mm/s; amplitude: 10 mm/mV; 25 Hz notch filter; Fuzzy+ software filter

Fig. 5

Ventricular accessory R/T beat triggering ventricular tachycardia in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol. I – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left superior limb and the right superior limb; II – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the right superior limb; III – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the left superior limb; aVR – augmented unipolar right limb lead; aVL – augmented unipolar left limb lead; aVF – augmented unipolar left hindlimb lead. Heart rate: 303 bpm; Paper speed: 50 mm/s; amplitude: 10 mm/mV; 25 Hz notch filter; Fuzzy+ software filter
Ventricular accessory R/T beat triggering ventricular tachycardia in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol. I – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left superior limb and the right superior limb; II – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the right superior limb; III – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the left superior limb; aVR – augmented unipolar right limb lead; aVL – augmented unipolar left limb lead; aVF – augmented unipolar left hindlimb lead. Heart rate: 303 bpm; Paper speed: 50 mm/s; amplitude: 10 mm/mV; 25 Hz notch filter; Fuzzy+ software filter

Fig. 6

The number of pigs with recorded ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) episodes during the induction of acute myocardial infarction (MI) by 30 min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol
The number of pigs with recorded ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) episodes during the induction of acute myocardial infarction (MI) by 30 min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol

Fig. 7

Ventricular fibrillation in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by a 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol. I – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left superior limb and the right superior limb; II – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the right superior limb; III – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the left superior limb; aVR – augmented unipolar right limb lead; aVL – augmented unipolar left limb lead; aVF – augmented unipolar left hindlimb lead. Heart rate: 329 bpm; paper speed: 50 mm/s; amplitude: 10 mm/mV; 25 Hz notch filter; Fuzzy+ software filter
Ventricular fibrillation in a female pig subjected to myocardial infarction induced by a 30 min occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol. I – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left superior limb and the right superior limb; II – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the right superior limb; III – bipolar limb lead, potential difference between the electrodes on the left inferior limb and the left superior limb; aVR – augmented unipolar right limb lead; aVL – augmented unipolar left limb lead; aVF – augmented unipolar left hindlimb lead. Heart rate: 329 bpm; paper speed: 50 mm/s; amplitude: 10 mm/mV; 25 Hz notch filter; Fuzzy+ software filter

Fig. 8

The number of pigs with ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), ventricular tachycardia (VT), or ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurring for the first time within a specific time interval during induction of acute myocardial infarction by 30 min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol
The number of pigs with ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), ventricular tachycardia (VT), or ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurring for the first time within a specific time interval during induction of acute myocardial infarction by 30 min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion with an angioplasty balloon in a modified anaesthetic protocol

Mean values of ECG parameters at different stages of the experiment

Before MI induction During MI induction procedure After MI induction
HR (bpm) 91.84 89.32 88.53
PQ (ms) 101.79 109.16 129.06
QRS (ms) 82.00 80.74 69.53
QTc (ms) 490.95 480.11 458.00
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Sujets de la revue:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, other, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine
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