<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0013_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) into a country and its further spread may have a devastating impact on the poultry industry and lead to serious economic consequences. Various risk factors may increase the probability of HPAI outbreak occurrence but their relative influence is often difficult to determine. The study evaluates how the densities of selected poultry species and proximity to the areas inhabited by wild birds impacted HPAI outbreak occurrence during the recently reported epidemics in Poland.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0013_s_006">
<h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>The analysis was developed using these risk factors in the locations of affected and randomly chosen unaffected commercial farms. Generalised linear and non-linear models, specifically logistic regression, classification tree and random forest, were used to indicate the most relevant risk factors, to quantify their association with HPAI outbreak occurrence, and to develop a map depicting spatial risk distribution.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0013_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>The most important risk factors comprised the densities of turkeys, geese and ducks. The abundance of these species of poultry in an area increased the probability of HPAI occurrence, and their farming intensity in several areas of central, western, eastern and northern Poland put these areas at the highest risk.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0013_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The results may improve the targeting of active surveillance, strengthen biosecurity in the areas at risk and contribute to early detection of HPAI in outbreak reoccurrences.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) into a country and its further spread may have a devastating impact on the poultry industry and lead to serious economic consequences. Various risk factors may increase the probability of HPAI outbreak occurrence but their relative influence is often difficult to determine. The study evaluates how the densities of selected poultry species and proximity to the areas inhabited by wild birds impacted HPAI outbreak occurrence during the recently reported epidemics in Poland.

Material and methods
The analysis was developed using these risk factors in the locations of affected and randomly chosen unaffected commercial farms. Generalised linear and non-linear models, specifically logistic regression, classification tree and random forest, were used to indicate the most relevant risk factors, to quantify their association with HPAI outbreak occurrence, and to develop a map depicting spatial risk distribution.

Results
The most important risk factors comprised the densities of turkeys, geese and ducks. The abundance of these species of poultry in an area increased the probability of HPAI occurrence, and their farming intensity in several areas of central, western, eastern and northern Poland put these areas at the highest risk.

Conclusion
The results may improve the targeting of active surveillance, strengthen biosecurity in the areas at risk and contribute to early detection of HPAI in outbreak reoccurrences.

The impact of selected risk factors on the occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza in commercial poultry flocks in Poland

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction
Introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) into a country and its further spread may have a devastating impact on the poultry...

Notation	Description of the variable	Estimation	95% Confidence interval	P value
log(x₁+50)	log-transformed density of turkeys	0.973	[0.634, 1.355]	9.94e⁻⁰⁸
log(x₂+5)	log-transformed density of geese	0.409	[0.113, 0.709]	6.92e⁻⁰³
log(x₃+10)	log-transformed density of ducks	0.447	[0.108, 0.791]	9.8e⁻⁰³
log(x₄+10)	log-transformed density of chickens	−0.193	[−0.375,−0.018]	3.31e⁻⁰²

The impact of selected risk factors on the occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza in commercial poultry flocks in Poland

Publié en ligne: 29 janv. 2021

Pages: 45 - 52

Reçu: 05 août 2020

Accepté: 03 févr. 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0013

Mots clés
poultry diseases, risk map, spatial analysis

© 2021 A. Gierak, K. Śmietanka, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Results of logistic regression model

The impact of selected risk factors on the occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza in commercial poultry flocks in Poland

Publié en ligne: 29 janv. 2021

Pages: 45 - 52

Reçu: 05 août 2020

Accepté: 03 févr. 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0013

Mots cléspoultry diseases, risk map, spatial analysis

© 2021 A. Gierak, K. Śmietanka, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Results of logistic regression model

Mots clés
poultry diseases, risk map, spatial analysis