Staphylococcus spp. from wild mammals in Aragón (Spain): antibiotic resistance status
, , , , et | 16 sept. 2020
À propos de cet article
Publié en ligne: 16 sept. 2020
Pages: 373 - 379
Reçu: 01 mars 2020
Accepté: 24 août 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0057
Mots clés
© 2020 L.A. García et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Frequency of Staphylococcus spp. isolates resistant to the studied antibiotics by animal species
| Mammal species | N | PEN penicillin; |
FOX cefoxitin; |
FA fusidic acid; |
MUP mupirocin; |
ERY erythromycin; |
CLI clindamycin; |
LIN lincomycin; |
CIP ciprofloxacin; |
GEN gentamycin; |
TOB tobramycin; |
STR streptomycin; |
TE tetracycline; |
CL chloramphenicol; |
SXT sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; |
TEI teicoplanin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American mink | 8 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Badger | 5 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Beech marten | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Granada hare | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Common genet | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Common otter | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 4 | |||||||||||
| Hedgehog | 15 | 7 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Mouflon | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Free-tailed bat | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Red deer | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |||||||
| Red fox | 7 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||
| Roe deer | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Iberian ibex | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Weasel | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Wild boar | 22 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | |||||
| Wild rabbit | 27 | 14 | 7 | 20 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | ||
| Total | 111 | 47 | 23 | 71 | 22 | 15 | 7 | 36 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| % | 100 | 42.3 | 20.7 | 64 | 19.8 | 13.5 | 6.3 | 32.4 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 9.0 | 11.7 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.9 |
Staphylococcus spp. obtained in this study from the total samples of the wild mammals studied
| A American mink; |
B Badger; |
Bm Beech marten; |
Cg Common genet; |
Co Common otter; |
G Granada hare; |
H Hedgehog; |
I Iberian ibex; |
M Mouflon; |
Ft European free-tailed bat; |
R Roe deer; |
Rd Red deer; |
Rf Red fox; |
W Weasel; |
Wb Wild boar; |
Wi Wild rabbit; |
Total n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 3 | 23 (20.7) | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 5 | 1 | 7 (6.3) | ||||||||||||||
| 2 | 2 (1.8) | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 (0.9) | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 17 (15.3) | |||||||||||
| 1 | 1 (0.9) | ||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 2 (1.8) | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 (0.9) | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 (0.9) | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 (0.9) | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 (0.9) | ||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 34 (30.6) | ||||||
| 2 | 2 (1.8) | ||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 (6.3) | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 11 (9.9) | |||||||||||||
| Total staphylococci by mammal (n) | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 22 | 27 | 111 |
Species of wild mammals included in the study
| Order | Species | Scientific name | Origin | Scavenger | N | Isolates | % by sample – two samples per animal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artiodactyla (n = 32) | Iberian ibex | CWFR-LA – Centre of Wild Fauna Recovery of La Alfranca (Spain); |
1 | 1 | 50.0 | ||
| Mouflon | Hunting | 4 | 6 | 75.0 | |||
| Red deer | Hunting | 9 | 6 | 33.3 | |||
| Roe deer | Hunting | 1 | 3 | 150 | |||
| Wild boar | Hunting | 17 | 22 | 64.7 | |||
| Total | 32 | 38 | 59.4 | ||||
| Carnivora (n = 19) | American mink | CWFR-LA | X | 6 | 8 | 66.6 | |
| Badger | CWFR-LA | X | 3 | 5 | 83.3 | ||
| Beech marten | CWFR-LA | X | 2 | 2 | 50.0 | ||
| Common genet | CWFR-LA | X | 1 | 1 | 50.0 | ||
| Common otter | CWFR-LA | X | 3 | 5 | 83.3 | ||
| Red fox | CWFR-LA | X | 3 | 8 | 133.0 | ||
| Weasel | CWFR-LA | X | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total | 19 | 28 | 73.7 | ||||
| Chiroptera (n = 1) | European free-tailed bat | CWFR-LA | 1 | 1 | 50.0 | ||
| Erinaceomorpha (n =11) | Hedgehog | CWFR-LA | 11 | 15 | 68.2 | ||
| Lagomorpha (n = 40) | Wild rabbit | Hunting | 38 | 27 | 35.5 | ||
| Granada hare | Hunting | 2 | 1 | 100.0 | |||
| Total | 40 | 28 | 35.0 | ||||
| 16 species | Total mammals | 103 | 111 | 53.9 | |||
Results of the statistical analysis of Staphylococcus spp. resistance to ERY, FA, and PEN related to the coagulase classification, the wild mammals’ origins, and their orders
| Antibiotics | Coagulase (N) | Resistant isolates, n (%) | Coagulase (N) | Resistant isolates, n (%) | Lower limit | Upper limit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fusidic acid | CoN coagulase-negative; |
62 (72.9) P ≤ 0.05; |
CoP coagulase-positive; |
9 (34.6) | 5.0918 | 1.9909 | 13.0225 |
| Penicillin | CoN coagulase-negative; |
43 (50.6) P ≤ 0.05; |
CoP coagulase-positive; |
5 (19.2) | 4.3000 | 14.838 | 12.4609 |
| Erythromyc in | CoN coagulase-negative; |
8 (9.4) P ≤ 0.05; |
CoP coagulase-positive; |
7 (26.9) | 3.5461 | 1.11434 | 11.0011 |
| Origin (N) | Origin (N) | ||||||
| Fusidic acid | CWFR-LA Centre of Wild Fauna Recovery of La Alfranca (Spain) |
35 (76.1) P ≤ 0.05; |
Hunting (65) | 36 (55.4) | 2.5631 | 5.9109 | 14.2860 |
| Penicillin | CWFR-LA Centre of Wild Fauna Recovery of La Alfranca (Spain) |
27 (58.7) P ≤ 0.05; |
Hunting (65) | 20 (30.8) | 1.1114 | 3.1974 | 7.0353 |
| Order (N) | Order (N) | ||||||
| Fusidic acid | Artiodactyla vs (39) | 17 (43.59) | Carnivora P ≤ 0.05; |
22 (78.57) | 4.7461 | 11.249 | 1.0868 |
| Lagomorpha P ≤ 0.05; |
21 (75.0) | 1.5755 | 8.2305 | 14.7275 | |||
| Penicillin | Artiodactyla vs (39) | 7 (15.4) | Carnivora P ≤ 0.05; |
18 (64.3) | 14.2860 | 2.6702 | 5.27426 |
| Erinaceomorpha P ≤ 0.05; |
7 (46.7) | 3.8820 | 25.3810 | 1.7476 | |||
| Lagomorpha P ≤ 0.05; |
15 (53.6) | 1.3396 | 4.0000 | 15.9236 | |||