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Morphological and molecular characterization of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Actinolaimidae) from Korea, with an updated compendium of the genus

Abraham Okki Mwamula

Abraham Okki Mwamula

Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National UniversitySangju, Republic of Korea
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Mwamula, Abraham Okki
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Yi Seul Kim

Yi Seul Kim

Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National UniversitySangju, Republic of Korea
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Kim, Yi Seul
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Dong Woon Lee

Dong Woon Lee

  • Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National UniversitySangju, Republic of Korea
  • Department of Entomology, Kyungpook National UniversitySangju, Republic of Korea
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Lee, Dong Woon
  
23 oct. 2024
Morphological and molecular characterization of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Actinolaimidae) from Korea, with an updated compendium of the genus's Cover Image
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Catégorie d'article: Research Paper
Publié en ligne: 23 oct. 2024
Reçu: 23 juil. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0040
Mots clés
© 2024 Abraham Okki Mwamula et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Line drawings of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–G): A: Female whole body; B: Male whole body; C: Female reproductive system; D: Female anterior region; E: Female rectum and prerectum region; F: Female tail; G: The expanded part of pharynx (the glandularium).
Line drawings of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–G): A: Female whole body; B: Male whole body; C: Female reproductive system; D: Female anterior region; E: Female rectum and prerectum region; F: Female tail; G: The expanded part of pharynx (the glandularium).

Figure 2:

Line drawings of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–K): A: Posterior region of male, including copulatory apparatus, the arrangement of ventromedian supplements and copulatory hump. (Arrows indicate the position of submedian papillae); B: Male tail region; C: Lateral guiding piece; D, E, F: Variation in shape and arrangement of pre/postvulval papillae; G, J, K: Variation in shape of cardia and basal shield; H: Head region; I: Junction between intestine and prerectum with a conical or tongue-like structure.
Line drawings of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–K): A: Posterior region of male, including copulatory apparatus, the arrangement of ventromedian supplements and copulatory hump. (Arrows indicate the position of submedian papillae); B: Male tail region; C: Lateral guiding piece; D, E, F: Variation in shape and arrangement of pre/postvulval papillae; G, J, K: Variation in shape of cardia and basal shield; H: Head region; I: Junction between intestine and prerectum with a conical or tongue-like structure.

Figure 3:

Photomicrographs of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–G). A: Female anterior region; B: Posterior region of male, including copulatory apparatus and the arrangement of ventromedian supplements; C: Region of copulatory hump; D: Anterior and middle part of female tail; E: Whole female tail; F: Vulval region with pre/postvulval papillae conformation; G: Female posterior region, including the prerectum and rectum. (Scale bars: A, B, C, F, and G = 30 μm; D = 50 μm; E = 100 μm).
Photomicrographs of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–G). A: Female anterior region; B: Posterior region of male, including copulatory apparatus and the arrangement of ventromedian supplements; C: Region of copulatory hump; D: Anterior and middle part of female tail; E: Whole female tail; F: Vulval region with pre/postvulval papillae conformation; G: Female posterior region, including the prerectum and rectum. (Scale bars: A, B, C, F, and G = 30 μm; D = 50 μm; E = 100 μm).

Figure 4:

Photomicrographs of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–K). A, B, C: Variation in female anterior region; D: Shape of cardia and basal shield; E: Junction between intestine and prerectum with a conical or tongue-like structure; F: Region of copulatory hump; G, H: Variation in shape and configuration of advulval papillae; I, J: Variation in shape of male tail; K: Posteriormost part of female tail. (Scale bars: A, D–K = 20 μm; B, C = 10 μm).
Photomicrographs of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–K). A, B, C: Variation in female anterior region; D: Shape of cardia and basal shield; E: Junction between intestine and prerectum with a conical or tongue-like structure; F: Region of copulatory hump; G, H: Variation in shape and configuration of advulval papillae; I, J: Variation in shape of male tail; K: Posteriormost part of female tail. (Scale bars: A, D–K = 20 μm; B, C = 10 μm).

Figure 5:

Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from 18S-rRNA gene sequences of Dorylaimid species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroup taxa: Paravulvus hartingii and Nygolaimus cf. parvus.
Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from 18S-rRNA gene sequences of Dorylaimid species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroup taxa: Paravulvus hartingii and Nygolaimus cf. parvus.

Figure 6:

Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from LSU D2-D3 partial sequences of Dorylaimid species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroup taxa: Mononchus tunbridgensis and Anatonchus tridentatus.
Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from LSU D2-D3 partial sequences of Dorylaimid species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroup taxa: Mononchus tunbridgensis and Anatonchus tridentatus.

Main morphometric characters of Paractinolaimus species (updated from Vinciguerra et al_ (2013))_ Measurements in μm, except L in mm_ (* measurements obtained from original drawings)_

Species Sex L a c c’ V Odont. Pre/postvul. papillae Spic. Ventr. suppl. Reference
acutus ♀ 2.1–2.4 36–43 10–12 10–12 44–46 25–27 1, 2 Khan and Park (1999)
aruprus ♀ 2.25–2.40 30–32 8 8.1 45–48 23–26 none Khan et al. (1994)
baldus ♀ 2.6 46 11 8.7* 52 27 none Thorne (1967)
♂ 2.9 49 84 0.7* 27 10–11
cattienus ♀ 2.38–2.43 40–51 8.2–10.1 9.6–12.7 47.8–48.6 18–19 none Gusakov and Gagarin (2015)
♂ 2.22 39 148 0.6 19 48 12
chandicus ♀ 2.1–2.3 44–54 14–17 5* 51–52 27–29 none Khan and Jairajpuri (1994)
♂ 2.1 43 88 0.9* 27 60 11
chiki ♀ 2.6–2.9 63–64 15–17 6.5–6.8 48–49 20–21 none Dhanam et al. (1994)
decraemerae ♀ 2.8–3.2 36–48 13–16 5.5–6.7 46–51 25–29 1, 1 Pedram et al. (2010)
♂ 2.1 32 68 0.6 27 76 16
dhanachandi ♀ 1.9 37 10 6.7 52 23 Khan and Jairajpuri (1994)
elongatus ♀ 3.1–3.4 62–65 16–17 5.3–5.5 49–53 31–33 none Khan and Jairajpuri (1994)
♂ 3–3.1 56–68 116–118 0.6–0.7 31–33 58–62 18–21
filipjevi ♀ 3.3 43 6.8 12.1* 45 35 Schneider (1935)
girini ♀ 2–2.3 28–29 18.7–22.4 3 54–56 24 Sukul (1967)
♂ 2.1 28 71 24 13
indicus ♀ 1.5–1.9 31–37 15–37 1.4–5.5 53–56 20–22 none Khan and Ganguly (1988)
intermedius ♀ 2.5–2.8 36–53 13–17 6–7 46–54 27 present Altherr (1968)
♂ 2.6–3.6 36–60 70–115 63–65 14–19
ishibashi ♀ 3.0–3.3 51–55 8.3–9.9 6.2–6.8 49–52 27–28 1, 1 Khan et al. (2008)
longidrilus ♀ 3–3.7 35–45 10–14 5.3–7.1 46–50 32–33 1–2, 1–2 Eveleigh (1982)
♂ 3.5 46 91 0.8 33 83 19
macrolaimus ♀ 4.5 50 11.5 47 none de Man (1880)
♂ 3.7 50 85 16–24
♀ 3.1–3.3 40–42 11.1–11.8 46–51 none Loof (1961)
♀ 2.7–4.3 42–60 9.0–14 8–12 44–50 27–30 present Andrássy (2009)
♂ 2.5–3.7 46–57 90–120 27–30 16–19
magistris ♀ 1.9 34 51–53 1–1.1 53–54 28–30 none Vinciguerra et al. (2013)
♂ 2–2.3 42–45 60–76 0.8 31–35 53–60 14–15
micoletzkyi ♀ 1.9 29 24 2.3 54 28 none Coomans et al. (1990)
♂ 2.4 40 82 0.7 29 69 11
microdentatus ♀ 3.4–3.5 43–53 12–14 7.6–8.5 51–53 31–35 none Andrássy (1964)
♂ 2.9–3.4 38–59 96–100 31–35 67–70 18–24
occalescens ♀ 2.6 37 10 6* 51 Schneider (1937)
♂ 1.9 27 64 0.8 9
pachydermis ♀ 2.1 33–34 7.6–8 8–8.5 44–45 26–27 0, 1 Khan and Araki (2001)
parietinus ♀ 1.8–2.4 27–38 9.0–14 5.8* 49–54 25 none Eroshenko (1977)
♂ 1.7–2.4 25–34 50–74 70 16
persicus ♀ 2.3–2.6 32–35.5 11.7–16.9 3.3–5.9 47.6–51.6 25–28 none Panahi et al. (2019)
♂ 2.1–2.68 40.3 88.3 0.7 28–29 71–75.5 17–18
rafiqi ♀ 4.4–5.3 72–89 20–27 4.4–6.5 50–52 33–35 2–3, 2–3 Khan and Jairajpuri (1998)
♂ 5.0–5.2 85–87 198–209 0.9* 32–33 60* 21
robustus ♀ 3 43 11 11* 50 23 none Thorne (1967)
♂ 2.8 47 71 23 10
sahandi ♀ 3.5–4.7 74–88 16–22 4.5–7.5 47–54 27–32 1–4, 1–3 Pedram et al. (2011)
♂ 3.2–4.4 70–93 116–166 0.6–0.7 27–31 62–81 15–17
shamimi ♀ 1.4–1.5 46–52 3.7–4.2 19–20 41–42 12–15 none Gantait et al. (2006)
spanithelus ♀ 2.8–3.9 35–53 13–18 5.0–6.3 45–49 29–33 0, 0–1 Eveleigh (1982)
♂ 3.4 36 76 1 30 67 12
tuberculatus ♀ 2.3–2.5 39–44 7.2–8.8 8.8–10.2 46–47 24–28 none Choi and Khan (2000)
♂ 1.9–2.2 34–39 68–78 0.7* 24–27 66–69 15–19
uljinensis n. sp. ♀ 2.5–3.0 40.2–47.9 6.9–8.5 10.1–14.2 42.5–47.7 23.5–27.0 3–9, 3–9 This study
♂ 2.2–2.8 40.2–48.9 82.9–121.4 0.6–0.9 23.5–27.0 60–70.5 12–15
vigor ♀ 2 34 14 53 28 none Thorne (1967)
vulvapapillatus ♀ 1.6 34 9 6.9 64 22 3, 3 Khan et al. (1994)
♂ 1.4–1.5 28–32 57–63 0.8 19–20 42–45 9
xosorum ♀ 1.66 29 18 3.2* 52 13 Heyns and Argo (1969)

Morphometrics of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n_ sp_ from Korea_

Character Holotype ♀ ♀♀ ♂♂
n 30 28
L 2743.0 2764.0 ± 134.0 (2500.0–2980.0) 2449.0 ± 170.0 (2183.0–2833.0)
a 44.6 44.1 ± 2.1 (40.2–47.9) 43.1 ± 2.4 (40.2–48.9)
b 5.0 4.9 ± 0.2 (4.5–5.2) 4.4 ± 0.3 (3.8–4.9)
c 7.5 7.7 ± 0.4 (6.9–8.5) 103.7 ± 9.4 (82.9–121.4)
c’ 12.2 11.7 ± 0.9 (10.1–14.2) 0.7 ± 0.1 (0.6–0.9)
V 45.6 45.5 ± 1.3 (42.5–47.7) _
G1% 17.6 16.6 ± 1.6 (13.7–20.7) _
G2% 18.0 17.9 ± 1.5 (14.6–21.5) _
Lip height 7.5 7.6 ± 0.4 (7.0–8.5) 7.6 ± 0.5 (7.0–8.5)
Lip diam. 19.5 19.6 ± 0.6 (18.5–20.5) 19.6 ± 0.5 (19.0–20.5)
Anterior to guiding ring 19.5 19.2 ± 0.7 (17.5–20.5) 19.0 ± 0.5 (17.5–20.0)
Odontostyle 26.5 25.2 ± 1.0 (23.5–27.0) 25.1 ± 0.8 (23.5–27.0)
Odontophore 24.0 23.4 ± 0.9 (22.0–25.0) 23.3 ± 0.8 (22.0–25.0)
Total spear 50.5 48.5 ± 1.5 (45.5–51.0) 48.3 ± 1.3 (46.5–52.0)
Anterior to nerve ring 156.5 158.7 ± 6.0 (147.0–173.0) 158.7 ± 6.0 (146.0–172.0)
Pharynx length 546.0 562.4 ± 20.7 (502.0–598.0) 562.9 ± 19.2 (518.0–597.0)
Glandularium length 329.0 341.9 ± 15.5 (307.5–368.0) 348.1 ± 16.4 (313.5–384.5)
Cardia length 22.0 24.7 ± 3.6 (17.5–30.5) 24.5 ± 3.0 (19.0–29.5)
Maximum body diam. 61.5 62.8 ± 3.1 (55.5–67.5) 56.8 ± 2.0 (53.5–61.5)
Prerectum 116.0 122.9 ± 18.7 (86.5–169.5) 200.3 ± 20.1 (174.0–246.5)
Rectum 49.5 48.6 ± 5.2 (40.0–56.0) 58.6 ± 2.5 (52.5–63.0)
Anal / cloacal body diam. 30.0 31.0 ± 1.6 (26.5–33.0) 33.1 ± 1.6 (30.0–36.0)
Tail length 365.0 361.3 ± 25.8 (324.0–435.0) 23.8 ± 2.0 (21.0–29.0)
Spicules _ _ 64.5 ± 2.5 (60.0–70.5)
No. of ventromedian supplements _ _ 12–15
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