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Management of Reniform Nematode in Cotton Using Winter Crop Residue Amendments Under Greenhouse Conditions

Rebeca Sandoval-Ruiz
Rebeca Sandoval-Ruiz
 et 
Zane J. Grabau
Zane J. Grabau
   | 21 oct. 2023
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Article Category: Research Paper
Publié en ligne: 21 oct. 2023
Pages: -
Reçu: 02 févr. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0041
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© 2023 Rebeca Sandoval-Ruiz et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Reniform nematode (RN) in 100 cm3 of soil, by amendment, in Trial 1 (A), Trial 2 (B), and Trial 3 (C). Ctrl = control without organic matter (OM), Fresh OM= treatment with fresh OM, Dry OM = treatments with dry OM. Letters indicate treatment separation by Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni's method, P < 0.05. Data is displayed as boxplots.
Reniform nematode (RN) in 100 cm3 of soil, by amendment, in Trial 1 (A), Trial 2 (B), and Trial 3 (C). Ctrl = control without organic matter (OM), Fresh OM= treatment with fresh OM, Dry OM = treatments with dry OM. Letters indicate treatment separation by Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni's method, P < 0.05. Data is displayed as boxplots.

Figure 2:

Reniform nematode (RN), by amendment, per gram of root in Trial 1 (A), Trial 2 (B), and Trial 3 (C) and in the root system in Trial 1 (D), Trial 2 (E), and Trial 3 (F) Ctrl = control without organic matter (OM), Fresh OM = treatment with fresh OM, Dry OM = treatments with dry OM. Letters indicate treatment separation by Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni's method, P<0.05. Data is displayed as boxplots.
Reniform nematode (RN), by amendment, per gram of root in Trial 1 (A), Trial 2 (B), and Trial 3 (C) and in the root system in Trial 1 (D), Trial 2 (E), and Trial 3 (F) Ctrl = control without organic matter (OM), Fresh OM = treatment with fresh OM, Dry OM = treatments with dry OM. Letters indicate treatment separation by Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni's method, P<0.05. Data is displayed as boxplots.

Figure 3:

Reniform nematode (RN) reproduction factor (total RN per pot final population/inoculated initial population), by amendment, in Trial 1 (A), Trial 2 (B), and Trial 3 (C). Ctrl = control without organic matter (OM), Fresh OM = treatment with fresh OM, Dry OM = treatments with dry OM. Letters indicate treatment separation by Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni's method, P < 0.05. Data is displayed as boxplots.
Reniform nematode (RN) reproduction factor (total RN per pot final population/inoculated initial population), by amendment, in Trial 1 (A), Trial 2 (B), and Trial 3 (C). Ctrl = control without organic matter (OM), Fresh OM = treatment with fresh OM, Dry OM = treatments with dry OM. Letters indicate treatment separation by Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni's method, P < 0.05. Data is displayed as boxplots.

Figure 4:

Spearman correlation between reniform nematode (RN) and plant parameters in Trial 1 (A), Trial 2 (B), and Trial 3 (C) in experiment 1. Numbers inside squares represent the rho value if P ≤ 0.05. Empty squares represent P ≥ 0.05. Signs before numbers and colors indicate the magnitude of the correlation. 1 (orange color) = perfect positive association of rank, −1 (blue color) = perfect negative association between ranks. RF = Reproduction factor.
Spearman correlation between reniform nematode (RN) and plant parameters in Trial 1 (A), Trial 2 (B), and Trial 3 (C) in experiment 1. Numbers inside squares represent the rho value if P ≤ 0.05. Empty squares represent P ≥ 0.05. Signs before numbers and colors indicate the magnitude of the correlation. 1 (orange color) = perfect positive association of rank, −1 (blue color) = perfect negative association between ranks. RF = Reproduction factor.

Schedule for data collection and agronomic activities in greenhouse trials.

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Date DAPa Date DAPa Date DAPa
1. Winter Crops
  1.1 Planting 08 November 2020 0 28 January 2021 0 18 October 2021 0
  1.2 Harvest
    • Dry OM treatments 22 January 2021 75 12 April 2021 74 02 January 2022 76
    • Fresh OM treatments 29 January 2021 82 20 April 2021 82 08 January 2022 82
  1.3 Organic matter incorporation and nematode inoculation 30 January 2021 83 21 April 2021 83 09 January 2022 83
2. Cotton
  2.1 Planting 05 February 2021 0 26 April 2021 0 14 January 2022 0
  2.2 Plant growth assessment 22 April 2021 76 11 July 2021 76 31 March 2022 76
  2.2 Harvest 29 April 2021 83 17 July 2021 82 07 April 2022 83

Influence of winter crop organic matter incorporation on cotton growth and SPAD value in greenhouse conditions in the presence of reniform nematode.

Trial 1a
Treatment Canopy cover Height (cm) Roots fresh weight (g) Shoot dry weight (g) Shoot fresh weight (g) SPAD
p-valueb *** *** *** *** *** ***
Control −c 6.1 ± 1.2 c 13.0 ± 1.2 bc 6.6 ± 0.9 b 2.1 ± 0.3 cd 5.2 ± 0.8 cd 43.0 ± 1.8 b
Control +d 5.7 ± 0.7 c 11.3 ± 0.8 c 9.2 ± 1.6 ab 1.5 ± 0.1 d 4.1 ± 0.4 d 34.0 ± 1.0 c
Fresh Amendment
Canola 13.6 ± 0.9 abc 18.5 ± 0.9 abc 16.6 ± 3.4 a 3.4 ± 0.2 bc 9.2 ± 0.6 abc 42.2 ± 1.8 b
Carinata 9.1 ± 1.5 bc 16.3 ± 1.7 abc 10.6 ± 1.9 ab 2.0 ± 0.3 cd 5.9 ± 0.9 cd 45.4 ± 1.2 ab
Hairy vetch 11.5 ± 2.4 abc 15.4 ± 1.7 abc 7.4 ± 1 b 2.7 ± 0.4 bcd 7.3 ± 1.1 bcd 43.3 ± 1.1 b
Oat 8.4 ± 1.6 bc 17.7 ± 2.4 abc 7.5 ± 1.5 b 1.5 ± 0.2 d 4.5 ± 0.7 cd 43.4 ± 1.1 b
Dry Amendment
Canola 19.2 ± 4.8 ab 21.5 ± 2.6 a 7.6 ± 1.4 b 3.8 ± 0.5 abc 11.7 ± 1.7 ab 49.4 ± 0.7 a
Carinata 15.7 ± 2.2 ab 20.6 ± 0.8 ab 8.0 ± 0.6 b 3.9 ± 0.4 ab 11.0 ± 1.1 ab 50.6 ± 0.3 a
Hairy vetch 19.0 ± 3.5 ab 21.5 ± 2.2 a 11.3 ± 2.0 ab 4.3 ± 0.5 ab 11.9 ± 1.4 ab 49.8 ± 0.5 a
Oat 21.4 ± 0.9 a 22.1 ± 0.7 a 8.8 ± 1.0 ab 5.3 ± 0.3 a 14.0 ± 1.1 a 49.5 ± 1.3 a
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