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Means and standard error of the mean (SE) for relative abundance of selected taxa (Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Flavobacterium, Larkinella, Fungi, Metazoa), within external and internal microbiomes. Abundances are reported as a proportion of the entire community (i.e., 0-1).
Cyanobacteria
Bacteroidota
Proteobacteria
Actinobacteriota
Proportion
SE
Proportion
SE
Proportion
SE
Proportion
SE
E. antarcticus
External
0.03
0.01
0.75
0.06
0.19
0.08
0.00
0.01
Internal
0.02
0.01
0.09
0.08
0.81
0.10
0.01
0.00
P. murrayi
External
0.22
0.06
0.37
0.05
0.29
0.03
0.02
0.01
Internal
0.06
0.02
0.64
0.06
0.20
0.04
0.03
0.01
Tardigrada
External
0.04
0.03
0.47
0.07
0.33
0.05
0.01
0.00
Internal
0.01
0.02
0.62
0.05
0.29
0.03
0.01
0.00
Flavobacterium
Larkinella
Fungi
Metazoans
Proportion
SE
Proportion
SE
Proportion
SE
Proportion
SE
E. antarcticus
External
0.72
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.03
0.64
0.13
Internal
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.07
0.17
0.08
P. murrayi
External
0.06
0.01
0.21
0.05
0.53
0.07
0.37
0.06
Internal
0.02
0.00
0.51
0.06
0.86
0.04
0.04
0.01
Tardigrada
External
0.07
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.09
0.01
0.00
Internal
0.13
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.04
0.04
0.02
Means and standard error of the mean (SE) of alpha diversity metrics (Shannon’s, Simpsons, Richness, Faith’s PD) for A. bacterial and B. eukaryotic external and internal microbiomes of three hosts (E. antarcticus or P. murrayi or Tardigrada). Alpha diversity metrics were calculated with Hill Numbers.
A. Bacterial Diversity
Shannon’s Index
Simpsons Index
Richness
Faith’s PD
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
E. antarcticus
External
18.60
7.69
10.36
4.38
43.5
16.08
5.20
1.37
Internal
12.46
5.76
8.35
3.83
24.92
9.51
3.47
0.99
P. murrayi
External
35.86
7.63
16.23
4.32
161.14
26.84
12.24
1.40
Internal
22.25
7.38
9.21
2.71
114.09
25.58
9.75
1.39
Tardigrada
External
43.64
8.14
16.21
3.21
446.20
85.27
21.52
2.96
Internal
22.64
4.96
8.99
1.70
297.30
56.03
15.84
2.12
B. Eukaryotic Diversity
Shannon’s Index
Simpsons Index
Richness
Faith’s PD
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
E. antarcticus
External
6.07
1.25
3.34
0.77
26.75
6.70
5.06
0.84
Internal
6.92
1.22
3.97
0.73
21.29
4.47
3.67
0.60
P. murrayi
External
11.18
1.57
8.82
1.40
16.80
2.91
3.17
0.46
Internal
13.34
1.65
10.76
1.36
18.77
2.33
3.53
0.31
Tardigrada
External
17.51
4.62
13.08
3.81
34.33
7.12
5.41
0.83
Internal
18.82
3.81
14.67
2.75
26.29
5.80
4.67
0.78
Differences in eukaryotic community composition of A. all microbiomes, B. external microbiomes, and C. internal microbiomes using a PERMANOVA. Comparisons included microinvertebrate host (E. antarcticus or P. murrayi or Tardigrada), microbiome type (external or internal), mat type (black or orange), stream (Canada or Bowles Creek or Delta or Von Guerard), and their interactions. The abbreviation “n.a.” is used to depict when a term was not included in the model.
A. External and Internal Microbiomes
B. External Microbiomes
C. Internal Microbiomes
P
R2
P
R2
P
R2
Host
<0.00
0.05
<0.00
0.09
<0.00
0.09
Microbiome
<0.00
0.02
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Mat
0.53
<0.00
0.04
0.03
0.34
0.02
Stream
0.09
0.03
<0.00
0.09
0.11
0.06
Host:Microbiome
<0.00
0.03
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Host:Mat
0.67
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.13
0.04
Microbiome Type:Mat
0.04
0.01
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Host:Microbiome Type:Mat
<0.00
0.02
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Differences in bacterial community composition of A. all microbiomes, B. external microbiomes, and C. internal microbiomes using a PERMANOVA.
A. External and Internal Microbiomes
B. External Microbiomes
C. Internal Microbiomes
P
R2
P
R2
P
R2
Host
< 0.00
0.14
< 0.00
0.08
< 0.00
0.23
Microbiome
< 0.00
0.02
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Mat
< 0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.23
0.01
Stream
< 0.00
0.06
< 0.00
0.10
< 0.00
0.07
Host:Microbiome
< 0.00
0.03
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Host:Mat
0.09
0.02
0.11
0.05
0.48
0.02
Microbiome:Mat
0.79
< 0.00
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Host:Microbiome:Mat
0.47
0.01
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Differences in relative abundance of selected taxa (Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Flavobacterium, Larkinella, Fungi, and Metazoa) using a linear mixed model. Comparisons included microinvertebrate host (E. antarcticus or P. murrayi or Tardigrada), microbiome type (external or internal), mat type (black or orange), stream (Canada or Bowles Creek or Delta or Von Guerard), and their interactions.
Cyanobacteria
Bacteroidota
Proteobacteria
Actinobacteriota
F
P
F
P
F
P
F
P
Host
3.85
0.03
9.06
<0.00
13.71
<0.00
5.17
0.01
Microbiome
6.84
0.01
0.76
0.39
2.38
0.13
0.36
0.55
Mat
0.02
0.88
1.13
0.30
1.21
0.28
0.62
0.44
Stream
4.92
0.01
2.74
0.07
0.28
0.84
3.24
0.05
Host: Microbiome
1.85
0.17
4.87
0.01
3.98
0.03
0.23
0.80
Host:Mat
3.09
0.06
1.88
0.17
3.26
0.05
0.15
0.86
Microbiome:Mat
0.75
0.39
0.00
0.97
<0.00
0.99
0.26
0.61
Host:Microbiome:Mat
1.93
0.16
0.32
0.73
0.31
0.73
0.10
0.90
Flavobacterium
Larkinella
Fungi
Metazoa
F
P
F
P
F
P
F
P
Host
6.83
<0.00
27.80
<0.00
13.10
<0.00
7.56
<0.00
Microbiome
3.44
0.07
4.73
0.03
2.23
0.14
1.15
0.28
Mat
0.16
0.69
0.00
0.95
0.24
0.63
0.15
0.70
Stream
0.40
0.76
1.59
0.23
4.01
0.02
0.69
0.57
Host: Microbiome
3.98
0.03
6.57
0.00
0.41
0.67
4.07
0.02
Host:Mat
0.94
0.40
0.17
0.84
0.27
0.77
0.30
0.74
Microbiome:Mat
0.02
0.88
0.08
0.78
0.10
0.75
1.97
0.16
Host:Microbiome:Mat
3.01
0.06
0.50
0.61
2.04
0.14
4.64
0.01
A. Means and standard error of the mean (SE) of alpha diversity metrics (Shannon’s, Simpsons, Richness, Faith’s PD) for bacterial and eukaryotic mat communities. Alpha diversity metrics were calculated with Hill Numbers. B. Differences in alpha diversity comparing mats to host microinvertebrate microbiomes using a linear mixed model to test bacterial communities and then eukaryotic communities in a second linear mixed model.
A. Mat Community
Shannon’s Index
Simpsons Index
Richness
Faith’s PD
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Bacteria
88.20
13.69
23.54
5.39
463.86
34.75
28.48
1.68
Eukaryota
8.72
1.80
4.29
0.73
73.67
8.73
13.51
0.86
B. Mat vs. Hosts
Shannon’s Index
Simpsons Index
Richness
Faith’s PD
F
P
F
P
F
P
F
P
Bacteria
44.02
<0.01
9.16
<0.01
25.81
<0.01
56.38
<0.01
Eukaryota
2.86
0.09
8.67
<0.01
78.04
<0.01
205.88
<0.01
Differences in A. bacterial and B. eukaryotic host microbiome alpha diversity (Shannon’s, Simpsons, Richness, Faith’s PD) using a linear mixed model. Comparisons included microinvertebrate host (E. antarcticus or P. murrayi or Tardigrada), microbiome type (external or internal), mat type (black or orange), stream (Canada or Bowles Creek or Delta or Von Guerard), and their interactions. Alpha diversity metrics were based on ASVs and calculated with Hill Numbers.