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Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) Associated with Holly from the Netherlands and New Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Support for the Synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus

Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh
Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh
, 
Bram Lokker
Bram Lokker
, 
Marjolein Couvreur
Marjolein Couvreur
, 
Wim Bert
Wim Bert
 et 
Gerrit Karssen
Gerrit Karssen
   | 24 sept. 2022
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Article Category: Research Paper
Publié en ligne: 24 sept. 2022
Pages: -
Reçu: 08 juin 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0037
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© 2022 Singh et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Light and SEM images of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. paratype females. A: En face; B, C, F: Anterior regions showing cuticular ornamentation, stylet, pharynx, and SE pore position; D–E: Total body of (slightly) obese bodies showing major internal structures; G–M: Tail regions showing lateral field, vulva, and tail termini. SE pore: secretory-excretory pore; SEM: scanning electron microscopy.
Light and SEM images of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. paratype females. A: En face; B, C, F: Anterior regions showing cuticular ornamentation, stylet, pharynx, and SE pore position; D–E: Total body of (slightly) obese bodies showing major internal structures; G–M: Tail regions showing lateral field, vulva, and tail termini. SE pore: secretory-excretory pore; SEM: scanning electron microscopy.

Figure 2

Light and SEM images of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. paratype juveniles (J2) and males. A, E: en face of J2; B–D: Anterior regions showing stylet and pharynx of J2; F–I: Tail regions showing characteristic finger-like tip of J2; J: Total bodies of J2; K: Total bodies of males; L–M: Anterior regions of males showing absence of stylet; N–O: Tail regions showing spicules. SEM: scanning electron microscopy.
Light and SEM images of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. paratype juveniles (J2) and males. A, E: en face of J2; B–D: Anterior regions showing stylet and pharynx of J2; F–I: Tail regions showing characteristic finger-like tip of J2; J: Total bodies of J2; K: Total bodies of males; L–M: Anterior regions of males showing absence of stylet; N–O: Tail regions showing spicules. SEM: scanning electron microscopy.

Figure 3

Line illustrations of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. paratypes. A, B, D: Total bodies showing developmental stages from juvenile (J2) to slightly obese to fully obese females; C: Anterior region of female showing stylet, pharynx, and SE pore position; E–G: Tail regions showing vulva, lateral field differentiation, tail shape, and tips of females; H: Tails of J2; I: Anterior region of J2; J: Anterior region of male; K: Posterior region of male. SE pore: secretory-excretory pore.
Line illustrations of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. paratypes. A, B, D: Total bodies showing developmental stages from juvenile (J2) to slightly obese to fully obese females; C: Anterior region of female showing stylet, pharynx, and SE pore position; E–G: Tail regions showing vulva, lateral field differentiation, tail shape, and tips of females; H: Tails of J2; I: Anterior region of J2; J: Anterior region of male; K: Posterior region of male. SE pore: secretory-excretory pore.

Figure 4

Phylogenetic tree generated using BI based on alignment of D2–D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequences of Paratylenchus species using the GTR + G + I nucleotide substitution model. Bayesian posterior probabilities (in percentage) are given next to each node and sequences of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. are highlighted. BI: Bayesian inference.
Phylogenetic tree generated using BI based on alignment of D2–D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequences of Paratylenchus species using the GTR + G + I nucleotide substitution model. Bayesian posterior probabilities (in percentage) are given next to each node and sequences of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. are highlighted. BI: Bayesian inference.

Figure 5

Phylogenetic tree generated using BI based on alignment of ITS rRNA gene sequences of Paratylenchus species using the GTR + G + I nucleotide substitution model. Bayesian posterior probabilities (in percentage) are given next to each node and sequences of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. are highlighted. BI: Bayesian inference.
Phylogenetic tree generated using BI based on alignment of ITS rRNA gene sequences of Paratylenchus species using the GTR + G + I nucleotide substitution model. Bayesian posterior probabilities (in percentage) are given next to each node and sequences of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. are highlighted. BI: Bayesian inference.

Figure 6

Phylogenetic tree generated using BI based on alignment of cox1 gene sequences of Paratylenchus species using the GTR + G + I nucleotide substitution model. Bayesian posterior probabilities (in percentage) are given next to each node and sequences of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. are highlighted. BI: Bayesian inference.
Phylogenetic tree generated using BI based on alignment of cox1 gene sequences of Paratylenchus species using the GTR + G + I nucleotide substitution model. Bayesian posterior probabilities (in percentage) are given next to each node and sequences of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. are highlighted. BI: Bayesian inference.

Morphometrics of Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. females from fixed specimens and mounted in glycerin medium.

Characters Females
Slightly obese Obese
n 5 10
L 187 ± 23.6 (165–219) 239 ± 22.6 (213–288)
a 10.1 ± 1.0 (9.0–11.1) 7.6 ± 0.7 (6.7–8.8)
b 1.7 ± 0.5 (1.3–2.2) –
Stylet length 89.3 ± 7.6 (84.1–98.0) 81.4 ± 8.0 (70.2–92.0)
Conus length 77.7 ± 8.8 (72.4–87.8) 65.5 ± 7.5 (60.4–74.1)
Conus % of stylet 86.9 ± 2.6 (84.5–89.6) 84.2 ± 4.5 (79.2–87.5)
Knobs height 3.7 ± 0.6 (3.0–4.2) 3.3 ± 1.2 (2.0–4.2)
Knobs width 5.5 ± 0.4 (5.0–6.0) 5.2 ± 0.7 (4.4–5.8)
Anterior to mid-valve length 86.4 ± 19.4 (68.4–107) 66.7 ± 13.3 (54.2–84.7)
Pharynx length 116 ± 19.8 (99.4–138) –
Anterior to vulva length 170 ± 20.6 (151–198) 220 ± 21.8 (200–268)
V% 91.1 ± 0.5 (90.4–91.6) 92.2 ± 1.7 (89.2–94.6)
Body width at vulva 16.5 ± 1.8 (14.8–18.7) 22.3 ± 3.2 (18.7–28.7)
Maximum body width 18.4 ± 1.0 (17.3–19.8) 31.5 ± 1.8 (29.7–34.9)
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