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Belonolaimus longicaudatus Host Status and Pathogenicity on Sweetpotato

Zane J. Grabau
Zane J. Grabau
, 
Chang Liu
Chang Liu
, 
Rebeca Sandoval-Ruiz
Rebeca Sandoval-Ruiz
 et 
Wendy Mussoline
Wendy Mussoline
   | 02 juil. 2022
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Article Category: Research Paper
Publié en ligne: 02 juil. 2022
Pages: -
Reçu: 03 févr. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0019
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© 2022 Grabau et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Soil sting nematode abundances at the termination of the greenhouse experiment as influenced by sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rate and crop type including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). In subfigure titles, “no inoculum,” “medium inoculum,” and “high inoculum” indicate non-inoculated, medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively), and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among crops within inoculation rate and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.
Soil sting nematode abundances at the termination of the greenhouse experiment as influenced by sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rate and crop type including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). In subfigure titles, “no inoculum,” “medium inoculum,” and “high inoculum” indicate non-inoculated, medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively), and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among crops within inoculation rate and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.

Figure 2

Sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) reproductive factor (final divided by initial soil abundances) at the termination of the greenhouse experiment as influenced by crop type – including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) – within sting nematode inoculation rate. The horizontal line in each pane indicates the reproductive factor is equal to 1, which generally delineates the host status. In subfigure titles, “medium” and “high” indicate medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively) and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among crops within inoculation rate and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.
Sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) reproductive factor (final divided by initial soil abundances) at the termination of the greenhouse experiment as influenced by crop type – including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) – within sting nematode inoculation rate. The horizontal line in each pane indicates the reproductive factor is equal to 1, which generally delineates the host status. In subfigure titles, “medium” and “high” indicate medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively) and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among crops within inoculation rate and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.

Figure 3

Final shoot weight at the termination of the greenhouse experiment for different crops – including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) – as influenced by sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rate. “0,” “M,” and “H” indicate non-inoculated, medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively), and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among inoculation rates within crop and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.
Final shoot weight at the termination of the greenhouse experiment for different crops – including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) – as influenced by sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rate. “0,” “M,” and “H” indicate non-inoculated, medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively), and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among inoculation rates within crop and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.

Figure 4

Final root weight at the termination of the greenhouse experiment for different crops – including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays, L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) – as influenced by sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rate. “0,” “M,” and “H” indicate non-inoculated, medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively), and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among inoculation rates within crop and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.
Final root weight at the termination of the greenhouse experiment for different crops – including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays, L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) – as influenced by sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rate. “0,” “M,” and “H” indicate non-inoculated, medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively), and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among inoculation rates within crop and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.

Leaves per plant for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) at various sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rates in greenhouse experiments.

Corna Sunn hemp ‘Beauregard’ ‘Covington’
Inoculation ratec Leaves per plant 30 DAI: Trial 1b
Non-inoculated 5 13 7 b 5
Medium 7 13 8 ab 6
High 5 11 9 a 6
Inoculation rate Leaves per plant 30 DAI: Trial 2
Non-inoculated 6 b 13 9 6
Medium 7 a 12 9 8
High 6 b 12 10 7
Inoculation rate Leaves per plant 70 DAI: Trial 1
Non-inoculated 11 18 10 10
Medium 10 23 10 9
High 10 16 13 9
Inoculation rate Leaves per plant 68 DAI: Trial 2
Non-inoculated 9 21 11 6
Medium 9 19 11 9
High 10 19 14 9

Plant height (cm) of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) under various sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rates in greenhouse experiments.

Corna Sunn hemp ‘Beauregard’ ‘Covington’
Inoculation ratec Plant height 30 DAI: Trial 1b
Non-inoculated 42.6 34.5 b 41.0 26.2
Medium 32.4 50.6 a 26.0 39.0
High 38.4 39.0 b 35.2 36.5
Inoculation rate Plant height 30 DAI: Trial 2
Non-inoculated 44.9 b 36.3 27.5 19.0
Medium 37.2 a 32.9 27.8 23.9
High 48.1 b 27.1 26.4 25.2
Inoculation rate Plant height 70 DAI: Trial 1
Non-inoculated 39.8 57.0 b 67.1 38.5
Medium 40.5 85.5 a 47.8 39.4
High 40.4 56.9 b 76.1 43.0
Inoculation rate Plant height 68 DAI: Trial 2
Non-inoculated 42.5 60.5 44.6 21.2
Medium 45.4 55.7 52.9 31.3
High 46.7 49.6 60.4 31.2
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