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Fig.1
The proposed sensor probe aims to assist in the MIS for tissue detection. The probe connects to an EBI meter for measurement and the sensing data is streaming to a laptop for processing and display.
Fig.2
(A) The model of the electrical bioimpedance measured by the proposed sensor probe; (B) Modelling the low frequency and high frequency current passing through biological tissue.
Fig.3
(A) The electrode pattern; (B) Modelling the EBI sensing of soft tissue with the designed electrode; (C) the current density simulation of the section indicated in (A).
Fig.4
The prototype of the sensor probe, which can be grasped by a surgical forceps for measuring the area of interest.
Fig.5
The experimental setup including an LCR meter, tissue samples and the designed sensor probe which is grasped by a surgical forceps.
Fig.6
Experimental results of 5 saline solutions in different excitation frequencies with the sensor probe.
Fig.7
Experimental results of ex vivo porcine liver tissues including the capacitance and resistance: the blue line indicates the results of normal tissue and the red line indicates the results of the abnormal tissue.
Confusion Matrix showing the classification results using the QDA classifier.
