<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Research purpose.</h3>
<p>The primary goal of this research is to determine the impact of the efficiency of the tourism sector in the European Union (EU).</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Design / Methodology / Approach.</h3>
<p>The analysis involved 25 selected EU countries using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Tobit regression modelling. For DEA expenses according to the stays per visit (1 night or over) when going to a foreign country, individuals actively working in the tourism industry and tangible heritage inscribed on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) are used as inputs and inbound tourism as an output. Variables for the Tobit model were as follows: cultural activities, Happiness index and tourist expenditure of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Findings.</h3>
<p>In nations characterised by lower efficiency levels, policymakers ought to enhance their strategies and encourage the advancement of their country's appeal to tourists. Additionally, there should be an increased emphasis on enhancing the well-being and happiness of the local population.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Originality / Value / Practical implications.</h3>
<p>Theoretical research on the efficiency of the tourism sector in the EU lacks comprehensive studies that systematically examine the factors influencing efficiency across diverse EU member states. Although some research exists on specific aspects of tourism efficiency, such as environmental sustainability or economic impacts, there is a scarcity of holistic investigations that encompass various dimensions of efficiency, including resource utilization, infrastructure development, policy effectiveness, and socio-cultural impacts, within the EU's overarching context. Moreover, there is a limited exploration of potential variations in tourism efficiency among different EU regions and the underlying factors driving these differences. Bridging this research gap could offer valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics seeking to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of the tourism sector in the EU. The study’s constraint lies in the exclusion of Denmark and Luxembourg, which is attributed to insufficient statistical data.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Research purpose.
The primary goal of this research is to determine the impact of the efficiency of the tourism sector in the European Union (EU).

Design / Methodology / Approach.
The analysis involved 25 selected EU countries using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Tobit regression modelling. For DEA expenses according to the stays per visit (1 night or over) when going to a foreign country, individuals actively working in the tourism industry and tangible heritage inscribed on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) are used as inputs and inbound tourism as an output. Variables for the Tobit model were as follows: cultural activities, Happiness index and tourist expenditure of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Findings.
In nations characterised by lower efficiency levels, policymakers ought to enhance their strategies and encourage the advancement of their country's appeal to tourists. Additionally, there should be an increased emphasis on enhancing the well-being and happiness of the local population.

Originality / Value / Practical implications.
Theoretical research on the efficiency of the tourism sector in the EU lacks comprehensive studies that systematically examine the factors influencing efficiency across diverse EU member states. Although some research exists on specific aspects of tourism efficiency, such as environmental sustainability or economic impacts, there is a scarcity of holistic investigations that encompass various dimensions of efficiency, including resource utilization, infrastructure development, policy effectiveness, and socio-cultural impacts, within the EU's overarching context. Moreover, there is a limited exploration of potential variations in tourism efficiency among different EU regions and the underlying factors driving these differences. Bridging this research gap could offer valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics seeking to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of the tourism sector in the EU. The study’s constraint lies in the exclusion of Denmark and Luxembourg, which is attributed to insufficient statistical data.

Do Cultural Activities and Happiness Matter to the Tourism Sector?

ISAG - European Business Shool, Porto, Portugal & Research Centre in Business Sciences and Tourism (CICETFCVC), Porto, Portugal &

Center for Research in Organizations, Markets and Industrial Management (COMEGI)

ISAG - European Business School & Research Center in Business Sciences and Tourism (CICET-FCVC), Porto, Portugal; &

IPVC- Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal; Applied Management Research Unit (UNIAG), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança

Economics and Culture

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Do Cultural Activities and Happiness Matter to the Tourism Sector?"}

Research purpose.
The primary goal of this research is to determine the impact of the efficiency of the tourism sector in the European Union (EU).

Design /...

Do Cultural Activities and Happiness Matter to the Tourism Sector?

Publié en ligne: 20 juin 2024

Pages: 93 - 104

Reçu: 13 mars 2024

Accepté: 07 mai 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jec-2024-0007

Mots clés
cultural activities, tourism sector, Happiness Index, data envelopment analysis, efficiency

© 2024 Kristina Astike et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Do Cultural Activities and Happiness Matter to the Tourism Sector?

Publié en ligne: 20 juin 2024

Pages: 93 - 104

Reçu: 13 mars 2024

Accepté: 07 mai 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jec-2024-0007

Mots cléscultural activities, tourism sector, Happiness Index, data envelopment analysis, efficiency

© 2024 Kristina Astike et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Mots clés
cultural activities, tourism sector, Happiness Index, data envelopment analysis, efficiency