[1. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries Endorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2018;39:763-816. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095.10.1093/eurheartj/ehx09528886620]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[2. Chisari A, Pistritto AM, Bellosta R, et al. Upper limb ischemia from arterial thromboembolism: a comprehensive review of incidence, etiology, clinical aspects, diagnostic tools, treatment options and prognosis. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2016;64:625-634.]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, et al. 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:111. doi: 10.1002/art.37715.10.1002/art.3771523045170]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[4. Koster MJ, Matteson EL, Warrington KJ. Large-vessel giant cell arteritis: diagnosis, monitoring and management. Rheumatology. 2018;57:ii32-ii42. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex424.10.1093/rheumatology/kex42429982778]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[5. Ghinoi A, Pipitone N, Nicolini A, et al. Large-vessel involvement in recent-onset giant cell arteritis: a case-control colour-Doppler sonography study. Rheumatology. 2012;51:730-734. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker329.10.1093/rheumatology/ker32922179725]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[6. Schmidt WA, Seifert A, Gromnica-Ihle E, et al. Ultrasound of proximal upper extremity arteries to increase the diagnostic yield in large-vessel giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology. 2008;47:96-101. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem322.10.1093/rheumatology/kem32218077499]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[7. Schmidt WA, Natusch A, Moller DE, et al. Involvement of peripheral arteries in giant cell arteritis: a color Doppler sonography study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002;20:309-318.]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Schmidt WA. Role of ultrasound in the understanding and management of vasculitis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2014;6:39-47. doi: 10.1177/1759720X13512256.10.1177/1759720X13512256395613724688604]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Monti S, Floris A, Ponte C, et al. The use of ultrasound to assess giant cell arteritis: review of the current evidence and practical guide for the rheumatologist. Rheumatology. 2018;57:227-235. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex173.10.1093/rheumatology/kex173585074828460064]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[10. Schafer VS, Juche A, Ramiro S, et al. Ultrasound cut-off values for intima-media thickness of temporal, facial and axillary arteries in giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology. 2017;56:1479-1483. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex143.10.1093/rheumatology/kex14328431106]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Czihal M, Schrottle A, Baustel K, et al. B-mode sonography wall thickness assessment of the temporal and axillary arteries for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: a cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35:128-133.]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Borchers AT, Gershwin ME. Giant cell arteritis: a review of classification, pathophysiology, geoepidemiology and treatment. Autoimmun Rev. 2012;11:A544-A554. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.01.003.10.1016/j.autrev.2012.01.00322285588]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[13. Prieto-Gonzalez S, Arguis P, Garcia-Martinez A, et al. Large vessel involvement in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis: prospective study in 40 newly diagnosed patients using CT angiography. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71:1170-1176. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200865.10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-20086522267328]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[14. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Pineiro A, et al. Aortic aneurysm and dissection in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis from northwestern Spain: a population-based study. Medicine. 2004;83:335-341. doi: 10.1097/01.md.0000145366.40805.f8.10.1097/01.md.0000145366.40805.f815525845]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[15. Garcia-Martinez A, Arguis P, Prieto-Gonzalez S, et al. Prospective long term follow-up of a cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis screened for aortic structural damage (aneurysm or dilatation). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1826-1832. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203322.10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-20332223873881]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[16. Blockmans D, de Ceuninck L, Vanderschueren S, et al. Repetitive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of 35 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55:131-137. doi: 10.1002/art.21699.10.1002/art.2169916463425]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[17. Prieto-Gonzalez S, Garcia-Martinez A, Tavera-Bahillo I, et al. Effect of glucocorticoid treatment on computed tomography angiography detected large-vessel inflammation in giant-cell arteritis. A prospective, longitudinal study. Medicine. 2015;94:e486. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000486.10.1097/MD.0000000000000486460270525654393]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[18. Mukhtyar C, Guillevin L, Cid MC, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:318-323. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.088351.10.1136/ard.2008.08835118413441]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[19. Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Hassan N, et al. BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology. 2010;49:1594-1597. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq039a.10.1093/rheumatology/keq039a20371504]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[20. Bienvenu B, Ly KH, Lambert M, Agard C, et al. Management of giant cell arteritis: recommendations of the French study Group for Large Vessel Vasculitis (GEFA). Rev Med Interne. 2016;37:154-165. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2015.12.015.10.1016/j.revmed.2015.12.01526833145]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
