<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The paper explores deonymic nomination, i.e. the formation of appellatives (eponyms) from proper names. By an eponym, any type of non-onymic unit formed from proper name is understood. The analysis is conducted using a database of 1,250 eponyms from <italic>Slovník slovenských eponym</italic> (Dictionary of Slovak Eponyms; Ološtiak et al., 2018) and a theory of lexical motivation as a methodological background is applied. From this viewpoint, formation of eponyms can be characterized as the loss of onymic motivation (onymic demotivation) and at the same time the acquisition of another type of motivation depending on the type of word-formation process (in a broader sense). In this regard, a word-formation process is understood as any way of coining a new lexeme (one-word unit, multiword expression, new meaning, abbreviation, borrowing etc.). Eponyms are frequently coined by derivation (word-formation motivation, e.g. <italic>Albert</italic> ‘Albert County (Canada)’ <italic>→ albertit</italic> ‘albertite’, <italic>Heine → heineovský</italic> ‘of or relating to H. Heine’) and by semantic shift with no part-of-speech change (semantic motivation, e.g. <italic>Pascal → pascal</italic>). Other processes are rare: part-of-speech change with no shift in morphemics (morphological motivation, e.g. <italic>Ježiš</italic> (noun) ‘Jesus’<italic>→ ježiš</italic> (interjection) ‘Jesus, an expression of emotion – surprise, anger, shock etc.’), abbreviation (abbreviation motivation, e.g. <italic>Mikojan + Gurevič → mig</italic> ‘a military aircraft’). In Slovak, most of the eponyms are loanwords (97.4%), thus, a special position is occupied by interlingual motivation.</p>
</abstract>

The paper explores deonymic nomination, i.e. the formation of appellatives (eponyms) from proper names. By an eponym, any type of non-onymic unit formed from proper name is understood. The analysis is conducted using a database of 1,250 eponyms from Slovník slovenských eponym (Dictionary of Slovak Eponyms; Ološtiak et al., 2018) and a theory of lexical motivation as a methodological background is applied. From this viewpoint, formation of eponyms can be characterized as the loss of onymic motivation (onymic demotivation) and at the same time the acquisition of another type of motivation depending on the type of word-formation process (in a broader sense). In this regard, a word-formation process is understood as any way of coining a new lexeme (one-word unit, multiword expression, new meaning, abbreviation, borrowing etc.). Eponyms are frequently coined by derivation (word-formation motivation, e.g. Albert ‘Albert County (Canada)’ → albertit ‘albertite’, Heine → heineovský ‘of or relating to H. Heine’) and by semantic shift with no part-of-speech change (semantic motivation, e.g. Pascal → pascal). Other processes are rare: part-of-speech change with no shift in morphemics (morphological motivation, e.g. Ježiš (noun) ‘Jesus’→ ježiš (interjection) ‘Jesus, an expression of emotion – surprise, anger, shock etc.’), abbreviation (abbreviation motivation, e.g. Mikojan + Gurevič → mig ‘a military aircraft’). In Slovak, most of the eponyms are loanwords (97.4%), thus, a special position is occupied by interlingual motivation.

Proper name within the framework of nomination. The case of eponyms

Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity

Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Proper name within the framework of nomination. The case of eponyms"}

The paper explores deonymic nomination, i.e. the formation of appellatives (eponyms) from proper names. By an eponym, any type of non-onymic unit formed from...

Proper name within the framework of nomination. The case of eponyms

Publié en ligne: 27 sept. 2021

Pages: 80 - 100

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0015

Mots clés
onomastics, nomination, eponymy, word-formation, polysemy (ambisemy), borrowing, Slovak language

© 2021 Martin Ološtiak, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Proper name within the framework of nomination. The case of eponyms

Publié en ligne: 27 sept. 2021

Pages: 80 - 100

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0015

Mots clésonomastics, nomination, eponymy, word-formation, polysemy (ambisemy), borrowing, Slovak language

© 2021 Martin Ološtiak, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Mots clés
onomastics, nomination, eponymy, word-formation, polysemy (ambisemy), borrowing, Slovak language