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Factors Affecting Quality of Honey Bee Venom

Meral Kekeçoğlu
Meral Kekeçoğlu
, 
Tuğçe Çaprazlı
Tuğçe Çaprazlı
, 
Aslı E. Tanuğur Samancı
Aslı E. Tanuğur Samancı
, 
Taylan Samancı
Taylan Samancı
 et 
Elif Yorulmaz Önder
Elif Yorulmaz Önder
   | 22 juin 2022
Journal of Apicultural Science's Cover Image
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Article Category: Original Article
Publié en ligne: 22 juin 2022
Pages: 5 - 14
Reçu: 18 févr. 2021
Accepté: 02 déc. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2022-0001
Mots clés
© 2022 Meral Kekeçoğlu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Standard calibration curve of melittin, apamin, and PLA2.
Standard calibration curve of melittin, apamin, and PLA2.

Fig. 2

HPLC chromatograms of different quality HBV samples. A (lower value): Apamin; 1.47%, melittin 20.73%, PLA2, 10.28%. B (average value): Apamin; 1,76%, melittin; 48.66%, PLA2; 10.96%. C (higher value): Apamin; 2.05%, melittin; 62.80%, PLA2; 13.90%.
HPLC chromatograms of different quality HBV samples. A (lower value): Apamin; 1.47%, melittin 20.73%, PLA2, 10.28%. B (average value): Apamin; 1,76%, melittin; 48.66%, PLA2; 10.96%. C (higher value): Apamin; 2.05%, melittin; 62.80%, PLA2; 13.90%.

Apamin, melittin, and PLA2 contents of samples (DS) grouped according to the production seasona

APAMIN, % MELITTIN, % PLA2, %b
SEASON N Mean SEb Min. Max. Mean SEb Min. Max. Mean SEb Min. Max.
MAY 15 2.00 0.10 1.47 2.77 38.64 1.49 30.96 49.03 14.09 0.62 10.31 17.86
JUNE 18 2.22 0.17 1.27 3.95 38.85 2.43 25.57 63.18 15.19 1.08 8.49 26.25
JULY 10 2.31 0.11 1.73 2.85 41.41 1.66 31.12 47.48 15.44 0.86 10.41 20.95
AUGUST 7 2.23 0.11 1.69 2.61 44.37 1.84 37.37 51.85 12.79 0.70 9.96 14.86
F 0.86 1.17 1.18
pc 0.47 0.33 0.33
Average value 2.17 40.07 14.58

Apamin, melittin, and PLA2 contents of samples grouped into the factors of harvesting time and collection site of the beehivea

Component Grouping Factors Group Codeb N Mean SEc Min. Max. t pd
Harvesting Time Apamin Samples collected from the inside of beehives either at day or night-time IH/DC 16 2.23 0.13 1.62 3.81 0.40 0.68
IH/NC 17 2.17 0.09 1.62 2.77
Melittin IH/DC 16 39.02 1.94 29.50 61.90 0.13 0.72
IH/NC 17 39.88 1.44 29.66 48.56
PLA2 IH/DC 16 15.79 0.93 10.88 26.25 0.31 0.20
IH/NC 17 14.35 0.62 10.41 17.86
Harvesting Site Apamin Samples collected at day-time either from the inside or entrance of beehives. IH/DC 16 2.23 0.13 1.62 3.81 0.40 0.62
EH/DC 17 2.13 0.16 1.27 3.95
Melittin IH/DC 16 39.02 1.94 29.50 61.90 0.76 0.46
EH/DC 17 41.25 2.22 25.57 63.18
PLA2 IH/DC 16 15.79 0.93 10.88 26.25 0.08 0.11
EH/DC 17 13.66 0.89 8.49 24.95

Sample groups described according to the selected factorsa

Code for Sample Groupa Total Sample Numbers Factors
Harvesting Time Harvesting Site of the Beehive Seasons Geographic Location
IH / DC 16 Day Inside May, June, July, August DAGEM Apiary, Duzce
EH/DC 17 Day Entrance May, June, July, August DAGEM Apiary, Duzce
IH/NC 16 Night Inside May, June, July, August DAGEM Apiary, Duzce
DS 50 Day time Inside May, June, July, August DAGEM Apiary, Duzce
DGL 27 Day Inside - Apiaries located in Manisa, Muğla, Balikesir, Düzce and Mersin

Apamin, melittin, and PLA2 contents of samples (DGL) obtained from different geographic locationsa

APAMIN, % MELITTIN, % PLA2, %b
LOCATION N Mean SEb Min. Max. Mean SEb Min. Max. Mean SEb Min. Max.
DÜZCE 10 2.56 0.16 2.04 3.81 51.87 3.06 39.28 64.04 18.45 1.21 12.70 26.25
MANİSA 5 1.96 0.11 1.74 2.37 37.83 1.51 34.38 42.05 11.12 0.55 9.84 13.00
MUĞLA 5 2.17 0.24 1.47 2.81 36.71 4.54 19.61 43.72 11.64 1.34 7.22 15.48
BALIKESİR 4 1.92 0.33 1.50 2.29 46.97 4.85 41.16 61.47 16.49 3.97 11.47 28.18
MERSİN 3 1.57 0.30 1.28 1.89 44.85 4.44 37.75 53.02 21.26 1.62 18.21 23.75
Total 27 2.17 0.53 1.28 3.81 44.96 1.99 19.61 64.04 15.85 1.02 7.22 28.18
F 4.08 3.51 5.18
pc 0.013 0.023 0.004
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