Native women | Husbands of native women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work | Chores | Total work | Work | Chores | Total work | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
Spouse immigrant | –4.3 [13.3] | 5.3 [5.9] | 1 [12.3] | 11.9 [11.6] | –11.2 [4.0]*** | 0.7 [10.4] |
Age | 14.5 [2.4]*** | –2.9 [1.4]** | 11.7 [2.4]*** | 6.6 [2.7]** | –1.7 [1.5] | 4.9 [2.7]* |
Age-squared | –18.5 [2.6]*** | 4.4 [1.7]** | –14.1 [2.9]*** | –10.2 [3.1]*** | 2.8 [1.8] | –7.4 [3.1]** |
No high school degree | –91.3 [12.2]*** | 33.5 [7.7]*** | –57.9 [10.5]*** | –48.4 [14.0]*** | 1.9 [5.2] | –46.5 [15.0]*** |
Some college | 27.3 [6.2]*** | –12.9 [3.2]*** | 14.5 [5.9]** | 14 [5.6]** | –0.9 [2.1] | 13.1 [5.3]** |
College degree | 47 [7.7]*** | –19.7 [3.3]*** | 27.4 [7.0]*** | 26.8 [7.0]*** | –6.8 [2.7]** | 20 [6.3]*** |
Graduate degree | 95.1 [8.2]*** | –32.9 [3.8]*** | 62.2 [6.5]*** | 36.2 [6.8]*** | –12 [3.0]*** | 24.2 [5.6]*** |
Black | –13.3 [12.8] | –12.8 [7.3]* | –26.1 [13.4]* | –23 [11.9]* | –15.8 [6.7]** | –38.9 [10.8]*** |
Hispanic | 4.9 [12.5] | –0.8 [5.6] | 4.1 [10.4] | 1.2 [12.1] | –5.5 [4.4] | –4.2 [11.0] |
Asian | 47.5 [23.7]* | –5.6 [9.3] | 41.9 [21.2]* | –13.3 [19.9] | 4.4 [7.5] | –8.8 [20.9] |
Parents immigrants | –2.3 [12.3] | 10.9 [9.5] | 8.5 [9.8] | –27.9 [12.3]** | 10.9 [4.0]*** | –17 [12.4] |
One parent immigrant | –6.7 [12.9] | 1 [6.0] | –5.7 [9.9] | –1.6 [10.1] | –5.4 [4.4] | –7 [8.3] |
Parents immigrants, spouse | –17.7 [13.5] | 3.1 [9.3] | –14.6 [10.1] | 19.6 [9.2]** | –4.9 [4.4] | 14.7 [9.6] |
One parent immigrant, spouse | –16 [10.4] | 7 [8.3] | –9 [9.0] | 9.1 [6.7] | –6.8 [5.4] | 2.3 [6.5] |
Age, spouse | –3.9 [3.3] | 3.8 [1.9]** | –0.1 [2.7] | 1.1 [2.9] | 1.6 [1.2] | 2.7 [2.9] |
Age-squared, spouse | 0 [0.0] | 0 [0.0] | 0 [0.0] | 0 [0.0] | 0 [0.0] | 0 [0.0] |
Years of schooling, spouse | –6.5 [1.2]*** | 1.1 [0.7] | –5.4 [0.8]*** | 0.6 [1.0] | 0.4 [0.5] | 1 [0.8] |
Black, spouse | 40.5 [13.8]*** | –16.4 [7.2]** | 24.1 [13.9]* | –35.2 [15.5]** | –1.2 [7.1] | –36.3 [13.4]*** |
Hispanic, spouse | 13.3 [6.1]** | 4.9 [5.6] | 18.2 [6.0]*** | –17.7 [9.0]* | 4.8 [5.1] | –12.9 [8.6] |
Asian, spouse | 16.5 [20.5] | –11.3 [11.9] | 5.2 [17.9] | –5.9 [14.6] | –17.3 [7.0]** | –23.2 [17.5] |
Number of children age 0–2 | –60.4 [3.6]*** | 19.4 [1.9]*** | –40.9 [2.9]*** | –0.1 [5.2] | 0.3 [1.9] | 0.2 [4.7] |
Number of children age 3–7 | –42.6 [2.3]*** | 20.6 [1.6]*** | –22 [2.2]*** | –0.7 [2.8] | 0.6 [1.2] | –0.1 [2.4] |
Number of children age 8–17 | –17.9 [2.0]*** | 14.5 [1.3]*** | –3.4 [1.7]* | 4.4 [2.5]* | 1.8 [1.1] | 6.2 [2.9]** |
Adult age 18–69 present | –2.1 [6.6] | 12.9 [3.0]*** | 10.8 [5.8]* | 11.8 [5.0]** | 3.4 [2.5] | 15.3 [4.6]*** |
Elderly age 70+ present | –36.5 [16.5]** | 3.9 [10.4] | –32.6 [16.8]* | –4.5 [24.6] | –8.6 [11.9] | –13.1 [19.0] |
Metropolitan residence | –2.3 [4.7] | –11.3 [2.4]*** | –13.5 [4.5]*** | –11 [6.2]* | 1.3 [2.6] | –9.7 [5.6]* |
Log low skill immigrant share | 9.8 [20.5] | 7.3 [9.9] | 17.1 [16.4] | 34.8 [19.5]* | –3.1 [9.0] | 31.7 [19.7] |
Log unearned income | 0 [0.7] | –1 [0.4]** | –1 [0.6]* | –1.1 [0.6]* | 0.7 [0.2]*** | –0.4 [0.5] |
State median income/1,000 | –1.8 [0.7]** | –0.1 [0.4] | –1.8 [0.8]** | 0 [0.8] | –0.8 [0.4]** | –0.8 [0.7] |
0.21 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.3 | 0.07 | 0.25 | |
31,284 | 31,284 | 31,284 | 28,102 | 28,102 | 28,102 |
Native men | Wives of native men | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work | Chores | Total work | Work | Chores | Total work | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
Spouse/self-immigrant | –0.8 [6.6] | –3.9 [4.1] | –4.7 [5.4] | –26.8 [15.0]* | 24.5 [9.3]** | –2.3 [8.8] |
0.3 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.16 | |
Spouse/self-immigrant | 13.1 [7.3]* | –5.3 [4.3] | 7.8 [7.1] | –20.6 [14.5] | 25.3 [9.2]*** | 4.7 [8.7] |
0.31 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.17 | |
US citizen | –6.4 [10.3] | 5.8 [5.2] | –0.6 [9.6] | 6.4 [15.3] | 16.9 [9.6]* | 23.3 [8.8]** |
Not US citizen | 35.4 [10.5]*** | –17.9 [5.4]*** | 17.5 [10.3]* | –47.8 [16.5]*** | 33.8 [10.6]*** – | 14 [13.4] |
0.31 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.17 | |
English speaking | –7.7 [24.1] | 0.6 [12.4] | –7.1 [22.6] | –20.6 [23.5] | 23.1 [21.6] | 2.5 [20.0] |
Non-English sp. | 16.6 [8.9]* | –6.2 [4.8] | 10.4 [7.9] | –20.6 [14.8] | 25.7 [9.3]*** | 5.1 [8.6] |
0.31 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.17 | |
Arrived age 0–9 | 2.5 [15.5] | 5.8 [10.4] | 8.2 [13.4] | –25.6 [24.3] | 9.3 [15.9] | –16.3 [11.8] |
Arrived aged 10–19 | 31.1 [14.9]** | –20.1 [5.9]*** | 11 [14.1] | 4 [12.5] | 9.5[8.6] | 13.4 [11.1] |
Arrived aged 20+ | 10.8 [10.6] | –4.3 [4.6] | 6.5 [10.2] | –30.2 [20.5] | 39.9 [10.9]*** | 9.7 [14.4] |
0.31 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.17 | |
3+ gen native + spouse/self-immigrant | 16.5 [10.2] | –3.4 [5.4] | 13.1 [8.3] | –22.4 [16.9] | 19.9 [7.9]** | –2.5 [12.1] |
2nd gen native + immigrant same origin | 2.7 [22.4] | –13.9 [8.7] | –11.2 [21.1] | –10.2 [18.9] | 51.4 [19.7]** | 41.3 [12.1]*** |
2nd gen native + immigrant diff origin | –53.1 [26.3]** | 7.8 [15.2] | –45.3 [22.0]** | –74.3 [25.6]*** | 17.6 [10.6] | –56.7 [20.9]*** |
0.3 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.17 | |
28,282 | 28,282 | 28,282 | 31,354 | 31,354 | 31,354 |
Native women | Husband of native women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work | Chores + Care | Total work + Care | Work | Chores + Care | Total work + Care | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
Spouse/self-immigrant | –4.3 [13.3] | 7.2 [7.1] | 2.9 [9.6] | 11.9 [11.6] | –17.3 [5.9]*** | –5.4 [9.4] |
0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 0.09 | 0.26 | |
US citizen | –8.1 [13.1] | 5 [8.7] | –3.1 [7.9] | 16 [15.4] | –20 [6.5]*** | –4 [14.9] |
Not US citizen | 0.1 [16.4] | 9.7 [8.5] | 9.8 [14.6] | 7.8 [14.4] | –14.7 [8.6]* | –6.8 [14.0] |
0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 0.09 | 0.26 | |
English speaking | 22 [23.8] | –5 [12.2] | 16.9 [20.9] | –5.6 [16.5] | –1.5 [9.5] | –7.1 [15.4] |
Non-English sp. | –10 [14.9] | 9.8 [7.1] | –0.2 [11.6] | 15.6 [13.2] | –20.6 [6.7]*** | –5 [10.8] |
0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 0.09 | 0.26 | |
Arrived age 0–9 | –12.9 [15.6] | 2.4 [6.8] | –10.5 [14.0] | –7 [17.1] | –10.3 [8.6] | –17.3 [13.6] |
Arrived aged 10–19 | 1.4 [21.6] | 4.7 [9.9] | 6.1 [16.6] | 8.7 [15.0] | –14.9 [9.9] | –6.2 [15.8] |
Arrived aged 20+ | –2.9 [14.8] | 11.6 [10.1] | 8.7 [9.0] | 23.4 [13.7]* | –22.3 [7.6]*** | 1.2 [11.3] |
0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 0.09 | 0.26 | |
3+ gen native + spouse/self-immigrant | –8.5 [14.1] | 9.5 [6.8] | 1 [10.3] | 4.4 [12.6] | –8.9 [5.5] | –4.5 [11.5] |
2nd gen native + immigrant same origin | –1.2 [21.8] | 11.5 [13.5] | 10.4 [12.5] | 35.1 [19.1]* | –44.8 [10.3]*** | –9.7 [16.9] |
2nd gen native + immigrant diff origin | 8.2 [27.4] | 22.8 [23.2] | 31.1 [15.6]* | 39.4 [31.6] | –19.4 [18.3] | 20 [21.0] |
0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 0.09 | 0.26 | |
31,284 | 31,284 | 31,284 | 28,102 | 28,102 | 28,102 |
Immigrant men | Immigrant women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work | Chores | Total work | Work | Chores | Total work | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
Spouse native | –2.9 [11.6] | –2.6 [5.9] | –5.5 [12.9] | 10.3 [9.3] | –6.8 [6.7] | 3.4 [8.2] |
0.32 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.17 | |
6,116 | 6,116 | 6,116 | 6,862 | 6,862 | 6,862 | |
US citizen, spouse native | –0.6 [17.3] | –4 [5.1] | –4.6 [19.6] | 5.5 [10.0] | 0.1 [8.5] | 5.6 [9.0] |
Non-US citizen, spouse native | –5.9 [12.5] | –0.8 [11.8] | –6.7 [18.1] | 16.5 [13.5] | –15.9 [8.2]* | 0.6 [13.6] |
0.32 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.17 | |
6,116 | 6,116 | 6,116 | 6,862 | 6,862 | 6,862 | |
English speaking, spouse native | –6.9 [20.9] | –1.7 [8.0] | –8.6 [18.4] | 2.7 [30.4] | –7.4 [22.5] | –4.8 [24.7] |
Non-English speaking, spouse native | –3.2 [12.4] | –2.8 [6.7] | –6 [13.3] | 6.4 [8.4] | –5.1 [6.7] | 1.3 [7.6] |
0.32 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.17 | |
6,116 | 6,116 | 6,116 | 6,862 | 6,862 | 6,862 | |
Arrived age 0–9 | –7.3 [28.1] | 5.3 [8.7] | –2 [24.9] | –16.9 [26.3] | –9.3 [19.9] | –26.2 [14.1]* |
Arrived aged 10–19 | –7.7 [15.7] | 1.3 [10.4] | –6.4 [19.4] | 30.9 [19.8] | –15.7 [9.9] | 15.2 [17.8] |
Arrived aged 20+ | 2.7 [14.3] | –9.1 [6.6] | –6.4 [14.8] | 9.9 [14.5] | –1.3 [9.1] | 8.6 [12.2] |
0.32 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.17 | |
6,116 | 6,116 | 6,116 | 6,862 | 6,862 | 6,862 | |
Spouse 3+ gen native | –11.7 [13.5] | 13.4 [5.2]** | 1.7 [12.8] | 0.2 [18.1] | –12.4 [10.6] | –12.3 [15.1] |
Spouse 2nd gen native of same origin | –1.4 [18.9] | –25.2 [9.8]** | –26.6 [17.6] | 28.2 [15.6]* | 10.6 [14.0] | 38.9 [11.2]*** |
Spouse 2nd gen native of diff origin | 9.5 [29.0] | –3.5 [20.7] | 6 [25.4] | –59.1 [23.7]** | –8.8 [10.0] | –68 [20.4]*** |
Spouse from diff immigrant origin | –17.4 [19.7] | 8.7 [9.9] | –8.7 [15.8] | –1.1 [17.0] | –15.6 [11.4] | –16.6 [13.1] |
FLFP of own country of origin | 0.3 [0.3] | 0 [0.1] | 0.4 [0.2] | 1 [0.3]*** | –0.7 [0.2]*** | 0.3 [0.3] |
0.32 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.17 | |
6,035 | 6,035 | 6,035 | 6,742 | 6,742 | 6,742 |
Native women | Husband of native women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work | Chores | Total work | Work | Chores | Total work | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
US citizen | 11.4 [14.4] | 9.9 [6.0] | 21.3 [10.9]* | 9.7 [20.2] | –9.5 [8.3] | 0.2 [19.6] |
Not US citizen | –9.2 [18.1] | 14.9 [7.7]* | 5.7 [16.2] | –13.2 [23.4] | –10 [7.0] | –23.3 [22.8] |
0.31 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.37 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
English speaking | 23.4 [25.0] | –6 [9.5] | 17.4 [20.5] | –24.9 [26.7] | –10.3 [6.9] | –35.2 [26.7] |
Non-English sp. | –3.3 [16.5] | 16.7 [6.6]** | 13.5 [13.3] | 3.8 [21.4] | –9.6 [6.4] | –5.8 [18.9] |
0.31 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.37 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
Arrived age 0–9 | –9.2 [21.7] | 11.9 [8.3] | 2.6 [19.3] | –6.4 [20.7] | 0.2 [8.6] | –6.3 [17.4] |
Arrived aged 10–19 | 11 [26.7] | 19.7 [10.8]* | 30.7 [19.4] | –3.7 [26.9] | –9.9 [10.1] | –13.6 [24.1] |
Arrived aged 20+ | 3.6 [14.9] | 7.6 [7.5] | 11.2 [12.1] | 2.2 [20.6] | –15.1 [7.6]* | –12.9 [19.4] |
0.31 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.37 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
3+ gen native + spouse/self-immigrant | –4.2 [15.4] | 13.8 [6.4]** | 9.6 [13.3] | –6 [24.4] | –1.2 [7.8] | –7.2 [20.4] |
2nd gen native + immigrant same origin | 20.1 [30.1] | 4.8 [13.9] | 24.9 [18.5] | 12.2 [35.1] | –38.9 [8.6]*** | –26.7 [32.3] |
2nd gen native + immigrant diff origin | 12 [14.7] | 15.7 [11.8] | 27.6 [11.6]** | 1.6 [56.5] | –13.2 [22.7] | –11.6 [41.1] |
0.31 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.37 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
20,737 | 20,737 | 20,737 | 18,554 | 18,554 | 18,554 | |
US citizen | –1.1 [4.3] | –22.9 [12.8]* | –24 [14.2]* | 1.5 [14.8] | –10.5 [6.1]* | –9.1 [17.0] |
Not US citizen | 5.9 [7.8] | –25.9 [14.8]* | –20.1 [14.5] | –3.1 [23.3] | –0.3 [9.0] | –3.4 [20.9] |
0.03 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.1 | 0.31 | |
English speaking | –7 [1.4]*** | 3.3 [27.9] | –3.7 [28.0] | –4.1 [28.0] | –11.2 [11.5] | –15.3 [28.9] |
Non-English sp. | 3.6 [4.5] | –29.2 [13.1]** | –25.6 [13.8]* | –0.6 [17.1] | –3.9 [6.3] | –4.4 [14.8] |
0.03 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.1 | 0.31 | |
Arrived age 0–9 | –2.1 [4.9] | –31.9 [18.0]* | –34 [19.9]* | –41.6 [31.7] | 7.6 [11.9] | –34 [32.2] |
Arrived aged 10–19 | 12 [11.3] | –38.5 [20.0]* | –26.5 [19.5] | –14.7 [25.0] | –1.1 [13.4] | –15.8 [22.8] |
Arrived aged 20+ | –4.2 [4.2] | –6.5 [12.0] | –10.7 [12.7] | 22.1 [15.6] | –12 [6.0]* | 10 [16.1] |
0.03 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.1 | 0.31 | |
3+ gen native + spouse/self-immigrant | –0.9 [3.2] | –16.9 [9.2]* | –17.8 [9.7]* | 0.7 [23.4] | –4.4 [7.6] | –3.7 [23.4] |
2nd gen native + immigrant same origin | 9.6 [10.3] | –36.4 [23.0] | –26.8 [26.7] | –3.6 [23.5] | –13.6 [10.7] | –17.2 [26.6] |
2nd gen native + immigrant diff origin | –3.4 [6.7] | –44.8 [23.4]* | –48.2 [23.6]** | –4.4 [40.0] | 10.1 [18.3] | 5.6 [43.7] |
0.03 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.38 | 0.1 | 0.31 | |
7,425 | 7,425 | 7,425 | 6,968 | 6,968 | 6,968 |
Native women | Husband of native women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work | Chores | Total work | Work | Chores | Total work | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
Spouse/self-immigrant | 1.4 [13.7] | 7.8 [6.2] | 9.3 [10.8] | 17.4 [11.3] | –12.5 [4.0]*** | 4.8 [10.3] |
0.19 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.3 | 0.07 | 0.24 | |
Spouse/self-immigrant | –4.3 [13.3] | 5.3 [5.9] | 1 [12.3] | 11.9 [11.6] | –11.2 [4.0]*** | 0.7 [10.4] |
0.22 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.25 | |
US citizen | –8.1 [13.1] | 6.3 [5.9] | –1.8 [11.0] | 16 [15.4] | –13.2 [5.2]** | 2.8 [15.6] |
Not US citizen | 0.1 [16.4] | 4.2 [7.9] | 4.3 [16.1] | 7.8 [14.4] | –9.1 [7.4] | –1.3 [14.3] |
0.22 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.25 | |
English speaking | 22 [23.8] | –0.1 [8.4] | 21.9 [20.1] | –5.6 [16.5] | –14 [5.7]** | –19.6 [15.6] |
Non-English sp. | –10 [14.9] | 6.5 [6.1] | –3.5 [14.5] | 15.6 [13.2] | –10.6 [4.9]** | 5 [11.9] |
0.22 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.25 | |
Arrived age 0–9 | –12.9 [15.6] | 3.2 [6.7] | –9.7 [16.1] | –7 [17.1] | 2.6 [6.4] | –4.4 [14.5] |
Arrived aged 10–19 | 1.4 [21.6] | 6.1 [12.1] | 7.5 [16.8] | 8.7 [15.0] | –11.5 [8.6] | –2.8 [15.8] |
Arrived aged 20+ | –2.9 [14.8] | 6 [6.1] | 3.1 [13.2] | 23.4 [13.7]* | –17.9 [5.0]*** | 5.6 [13.1] |
0.22 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.25 | |
3+ gen native + spouse/self-immigrant | –8.5 [14.1] | 7.8 [5.7] | –0.7 [13.7] | 4.4 [12.6] | –4 [3.5] | 0.4 [11.6] |
2nd gen native + immigrant same origin | –1.2 [21.8] | 4.6 [13.2] | 3.5 [13.2] | 35.1 [19.1]* | –34.6 [8.9]*** | 0.5 [17.4] |
2nd gen native + immigrant diff origin | 8.2 [27.4] | 11.9 [15.6] | 20.1 [14.4] | 39.4 [31.6] | –12.4 [18.2] | 27 [25.6] |
0.21 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.3 | 0.07 | 0.25 | |
31,284 | 31,284 | 31,284 | 28,102 | 28,102 | 28,102 |
Regions | Countries included in the region |
---|---|
Eastern Europe, former Soviet Union, Israel | Israel, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia ,Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Montenegro, Europe and Central Asia, Central Europe and the Baltics, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan |
Western Europe | Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland |
China, other Asia | Bhutan, Myanmar, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, Koreas, Nepal, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Mongolia, South Asia, Philippines |
India, Bangladesh, Pakistan | Bangladesh, India, Pakistan |
Turkey, Middle East, North Africa | Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Kuwait, Jordan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco |
Mexico | Mexico |
Central and South America | Cuba, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Dominican Republic, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela |
Africa, the Caribbean* | Cameroon, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Ghana, Guinea, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Belize, Virgin Islands, Bahamas, Barbados, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana |
Canada, UK, Australia ,New Zealand | Canada, UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia and Oceania |
Native men | Wives of native men | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work | Chores + Care | Total work + Care | Work | Chores + Care | Total work + Care | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
Spouse/self-immigrant | 13.1 [7.3]* | –9.4 [5.4]* | 3.7 [7.8] | –20.6 [14.5] | 34 [13.5]** | 13.4 [7.9]* |
0.3 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | |
US citizen | –6.4 [10.3] | 5.9 [5.9] | –0.5 [9.9] | 6.4 [15.3] | 19.2 [12.7] | 25.6 [8.2]*** |
Not US citizen | 35.4 [10.5]*** | –27 [7.3]*** | 8.5 [11.2] | –47.8 [16.5]*** | 49 [15.8]*** | 1.2 [12.5] |
0.3 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | |
English speaking | –7.7 [24.1] | –2.4 [11.8] | –10.1 [21.1] | –20.6 [23.5] | 46.5 [22.8]** | 25.8 [17.1] |
Non–English sp. | 16.6 [8.9]* | –10.6 [6.2]* | 6 [9.6] | –20.6 [14.8] | 31.8 [13.5]** | 11.1 [8.2] |
0.3 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | |
Arrived age 0–9 | 2.5 [15.5] | 0.7 [13.1] | 3.1 [17.1] | –25.6 [24.3] | 22.5 [24.1] | –3.1 [10.4] |
Arrived aged 10–19 | 31.1 [14.9]** | –24.5 [7.4]*** | 6.7 [15.1] | 4 [12.5] | 3.2 [12.7] | 7.1 [12.6] |
Arrived aged 20+ | 10.8 [10.6] | –8 [5.1] | 2.8 [10.0] | –30.2 [20.5] | 53.9 [14.9]*** | 23.7 [12.6]* |
0.3 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | |
3+ gen native + spouse/self-immigrant | 16.5 [10.2] | –7.3 [6.8] | 9.2 [8.1] | –22.4 [16.9] | 31.2 [12.9]** | 8.8 [11.1] |
2nd gen native + immigrant same origin | 2.7 [22.4] | –22.9 [10.5]** | –20.1 [19.9] | –10.2 [18.9] | 45.5 [23.5]* | 35.3 [11.9]*** |
2nd gen native + immigrant diff origin | –53.1 [26.3]** | 16.4 [13.0] | –36.6 [22.7] | –74.3 [25.6]*** | 35.4 [21.7] | –38.9 [32.3] |
0.3 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | |
28,282 | 28,282 | 28,282 | 31,354 | 31,354 | 31,354 |
Native men | Wives of native men | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work | Chores | Total work | Work | Chores | Total work | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
Spouse immigrant | 13.1 [7.3]* | –5.3 [4.3] | 7.8 [7.1] | –20.6 [14.5] | 25.3 [9.2]*** | 4.7 [8.7] |
Age | 6.5 [2.6]** | –0.8 [1.6] | 5.8 [2.7]** | 15.2 [2.4]*** | –3.2 [1.4]** | 12 [2.3]*** |
Age-squared | –9.8 [3.0]*** | 1.9 [1.8] | –7.9 [3.1]** | –19.5 [2.7]*** | 4.9 [1.7]*** | –14.7 [2.9]*** |
No high school degree | –57.4 [13.2]*** | 2.5 [5.5] | –55 [14.1]*** | –89.1 [12.0]*** | 37.4 [8.1]*** | –51.7 [10.9]*** |
Some college | 10.5 [4.9]** | –0.8 [2.2] | 9.6 [4.5]** | 27.2 [6.1]*** | –13.9 [3.5]*** | 13.2 [5.5]** |
College degree | 27.7 [7.0]*** | –8.3 [2.5]*** | 19.4 [5.9]*** | 48.5 [8.1]*** | –21.3 [3.3]*** | 27.2 [7.3]*** |
Graduate degree | 36.2 [7.1]*** | –12.6 [3.1]*** | 23.5 [5.8]*** | 93.7 [8.2]*** | –34.6 [4.0]*** | 59.1 [6.4]*** |
Black | –21.9 [11.6]* | –17.3 [6.8]** | –39.3 [10.7]*** | –10.7 [12.6] | –12.8 [8.4] | –23.5 [13.5]* |
Hispanic | 2 [12.0] | –5 [4.6] | –3 [10.6] | 1.9 [12.8] | 0.5 [6.6] | 2.3 [10.0] |
Asian | 35.5 [16.4]** | –10.1 [8.4] | 25.3 [20.6] | 22.6 [15.5] | –8.6 [9.4] | 14 [13.9] |
Parents immigrants | –37 [13.6]*** | 5 [4.4] | –32 [12.7]** | –9.1 [11.6] | 10.8 [8.1] | 1.8 [10.5] |
One parent immigrant | –4 [10.4] | –3.4 [4.9] | –7.5 [8.0] | –4.6 [13.2] | 2 [6.3] | –2.6 [10.6] |
Parents immigrants, spouse | 15.7 [21.9] | 0.8 [5.4] | 16.5 [18.7] | –22.7 [13.3]* | 5.6 [6.3] | –17.1 [10.0]* |
One parent immigrant, spouse | 5.3 [7.6] | –4.2 [5.2] | 1.1 [5.8] | –13.5 [9.4] | 8.7 [7.9] | –4.8 [8.6] |
Age, spouse | 1.3 [2.8] | 0.8 [1.4] | 2 [2.9] | –3.5 [2.8] | 3.9 [1.9]** | 0.4 [2.3] |
Age-squared, spouse | 0 [0.0] | 0 [0.0] | 0 [0.0] | 0 [0.0] | 0 [0.0] | 0 [0.0] |
Years of schooling, spouse | 0.4 [1.0] | 0.4 [0.5] | 0.9 [0.8] | –6.7 [1.2]*** | 1.1 [0.6]* | –5.6 [0.8]*** |
Black, spouse | –38.3 [14.5]** | –0.2 [6.9] | –38.5 [12.9]*** | 37.5 [13.8]*** | –18.2 [7.7]** | 19.4 [13.4] |
Hispanic, spouse | –7.9 [8.8] | 3.5 [3.1] | –4.4 [9.2] | 21.2 [7.8]*** | 5.3 [5.2] | 26.5 [7.1]*** |
Asian, spouse | –29.7 [22.4] | –1.1 [6.9] | –30.8 [19.7] | 47.9 [26.2]* | –5.4 [14.4] | 42.6 [20.3]** |
Number of children age 0–2 | –0.4 [4.9] | 1.6 [2.0] | 1.2 [4.5] | –61.6 [3.1]*** | 19.2 [1.6]*** | –42.4 [2.8]*** |
Number of children age 3–7 | –1.2 [2.7] | 0.2 [1.2] | –1 [2.3] | –42 [2.3]*** | 21.1 [1.5]*** | –20.9 [1.9]*** |
Number of children age 8–17 | 3.7 [2.7] | 1.8 [1.0]* | 5.4 [3.0]* | –18.1 [1.9]*** | 14.9 [1.3]*** | –3.2 [1.7]* |
Adult age 18–69 present | 13.8 [5.5]** | 2.9 [2.7] | 16.7 [5.0]*** | –1.8 [6.2] | 13.2 [3.2]*** | 11.4 [5.2]** |
Elderly age 70+ present | –15.7 [24.5] | –3.7 [12.9] | –19.4 [19.2] | –36 [15.8]** | 4.1 [9.7] | –31.9 [15.8]** |
Metropolitan residence | –9.6 [6.3] | 1.9 [2.7] | –7.7 [5.7] | –1.7 [4.8] | –11.8 [2.4]*** | –13.5 [4.5]*** |
Log low skill immigrant share | 41.8 [18.1]** | –4.6 [8.8] | 37.3 [18.3]** | 7.5 [18.2] | 5 [9.6] | 12.6 [14.7] |
Log unearned income | –0.9 [0.6] | 0.7 [0.2]*** | –0.2 [0.5] | –0.1 [0.7] | –0.8 [0.3]** | –0.9 [0.6] |
State median income/1,000 | 0.5 [0.7] | –0.5 [0.4] | –0.1 [0.6] | –2 [0.7]*** | –0.1 [0.4] | –2.1 [0.7]*** |
0.3 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.17 | |
28,282 | 28,282 | 28,282 | 31,354 | 31,354 | 31,354 |
Immigrant men, | Immigrant women, | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Wife immigrant | Wife native | Husband immigrant | Husband native | |
Age | 41.7 | 40.7 | 39.1 | 39.3 |
Black | 0.059 | 0.039 | ||
Hispanic | 0.570 | 0.481 | 0.567 | 0.386 |
Asian | 0.221 | 0.085 | 0.247 | 0.222 |
No high school degree | 0.335 | 0.160 | 0.299 | 0.085 |
High school degree | 0.355 | 0.330 | 0.300 | 0.096 |
Some college | 0.116 | 0.187 | 0.132 | 0.240 |
College degree | 0.162 | 0.219 | 0.192 | 0.278 |
Graduate degree | 0.128 | 0.164 | ||
Parents immigrants (native sp) | 0.000 | 0.258 | 0.000 | 0.216 |
One parent immigrant (native sp) | 0.000 | 0.137 | 0.000 | 0.113 |
Metropolitan residence | 0.950 | 0.927 | 0.949 | 0.931 |
Presence of own children | 0.72 | 0.64 | 0.74 | 0.63 |
Number of children age 0–17 | 1.57 | 1.32 | 1.59 | 1.23 |
Adult age 18–69 present | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.31 | 0.15 |
Elderly age 70+ present | ||||
Low skill immigrant share | 0.132 | 0.129 | 0.136 | 0.128 |
Household income | 67,337 | 97,423 | 69,409 | 96,712 |
Employed | 0.540 | 0.636 | ||
Spouse employed | 0.511 | 0.666 | ||
Wage, if >0 | 25.1 | 31.8 | 20.8 | 26.8 |
Sp. wage, if >0 | 22.2 | 28.9 | 26.7 | 35.3 |
Non-US citizen | 0.604 | 0.499 | 0.636 | 0.486 |
Non-US citizen, spouse | 0.654 | 0.000 | 0.596 | 0.000 |
English-sp country | 0.020 | 0.136 | 0.016 | 0.114 |
Arrived age 0–9 | 0.063 | 0.252 | 0.073 | 0.235 |
Arrived aged 10–19 | ||||
Arrived aged 20+ | 0.648 | 0.434 | 0.663 | 0.518 |
Years since migration | 18.1 | 23.1 | 16.1 | 20.4 |
Weekend day | 0.293 | 0.333 | ||
Sample sizes by origin | ||||
Canada, UK, Australia, New Zealand | 127 | 182 | 103 | 190 |
Eastern Europe, FSU, Israel | 206 | 49 | 250 | 83 |
Western Europe | 103 | 135 | 92 | 165 |
China, other Asia | 692 | 75 | 754 | 289 |
India, Bangladesh, Pakistan | 585 | 29 | 609 | 28 |
Turkey, Middle East, North Africa | 264 | 48 | 252 | 59 |
Mexico | 1,700 | 298 | 1,902 | 283 |
Central and South America | 973 | 213 | 1,147 | 282 |
Africa, Caribbean Islands | 329 | 109 | 307 | 69 |
Total | 4,979 | 1,138 | 5,416 | 1,448 |
Time use, daily min | ||||
Work | 379 | 354 | ||
Chores | 214 | 174 | ||
Total work | 453 | 431 | 384 | 375 |
Native men | Wives of native men | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work | Chores | Total work | Work | Chores | Total work | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
US citizen | –7.3 [10.8] | 4.6 [4.4] | –2.7 [10.6] | 23.1 [17.0] | –2.3 [9.9] | 20.8 [10.9]* |
Not US citizen | 19.9 [13.0] | –10.9 [8.3] | 9 [13.3] | 1 [18.1] | 6.7 [7.9] | 7.6 [18.6] |
0.37 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.31 | 0.09 | 0.25 | |
English speaking | 21.3 [20.6] | 1.1 [17.4] | 22.4 [18.3] | –11.9 [23.4] | –7.1 [15.0] | –19 [19.7] |
Non-English sp. | 0.6 [9.9] | –2.2 [4.0] | –1.6 [9.3] | 17.9 [13.1] | 3.1 [8.5] | 20.9 [10.5]* |
0.37 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.31 | 0.09 | 0.25 | |
Arrived age 0–9 | 31.2 [15.6]* | –5.2 [7.1] | 26 [15.0]* | –14.6 [32.1] | –2.1 [16.4] | –16.7 [19.0] |
Arrived aged 10–19 | –9.6 [15.3] | –11.6 [6.8]* | –21.3 [17.0] | 46.6 [16.2]*** | –9.2 [11.0] | 37.3 [15.2]** |
Arrived aged 20+ | –3.8 [13.5] | 4.8 [7.5] | 1 [14.0] | 11.2 [18.9] | 8.9 [8.6] | 20.1 [15.8] |
0.37 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.31 | 0.09 | 0.25 | |
3+ gen native + spouse/self-immigrant | –1.4 [12.3] | –2.9 [5.4] | –4.3 [10.2] | 1.3 [15.1] | –2 [7.7] | –0.7 [11.1] |
2nd gen native + immigrant same origin | 27.7 [22.4] | –7.2 [13.4] | 20.5 [20.3] | 56.6 [19.2]*** | 19.6 [13.3] | 76.2 [19.2]*** |
2nd gen native + immigrant diff origin | –0.6 [32.0] | 23.3 [23.7] | 22.7 [28.6] | 28.5 [37.0] | –7.8 [18.5] | 20.7 [28.7] |
0.37 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.31 | 0.09 | 0.25 | |
18,635 | 18,635 | 18,635 | 20,719 | 20,719 | 20,719 | |
US citizen | –6.1 [20.7] | 7.6 [7.7] | 1.5 [21.5] | –2.5 [2.8] | 50.6 [15.2]*** | 48.1 [16.2]*** |
Not US citizen | 56.2 [19.4]*** | –17.1 [6.6]** | 39.1 [19.0]** | –4.1 [4.3] | 38 [13.2]*** | 33.9 [12.2]*** |
0.37 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
English speaking | –30.7 [27.6] | –13 [10.4] | –43.7 [21.9]* | –1.5 [4.0] | 49 [50.0] | 47.4 [50.1] |
Non-English sp. | 38.2 [16.1]** | –5.2 [5.6] | 33 [14.5]** | –3.9 [2.6] | 41.3 [11.3]*** | 37.4 [10.8]*** |
0.37 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
Arrived age 0–9 | –46 [18.3]** | 8 [9.3] | –38 [19.1]* | –7.5 [2.6]*** | 18 [23.2] | 10.5 [22.9] |
Arrived aged 10–19 | 88.5 [28.7]*** | –21.6 [7.9]*** | 67 [24.7]*** | –6.9 [2.4]*** | 16.8 [11.7] | 9.9 [12.7] |
Arrived aged 20+ | 34.5 [18.2]* | –6.2 [6.5] | 28.3 [16.5]* | –0.3 [4.1] | 64.9 [15.8]*** | 64.6 [14.8]*** |
0.37 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
3+ gen native + spouse/self-immigrant | 35.1 [15.7]** | –1.9 [6.6] | 33.1 [14.8]** | –0.3 [3.8] | 40.2 [12.4]*** | 39.8 [12.2]*** |
2nd gen native + immigrant same origin | 21.9 [34.6] | –25.2 [10.5]** | –3.4 [36.3] | –11.6 [5.9]* | 75.9 [37.0]** | 64.3 [35.6]* |
2nd gen native + immigrant diff origin | –27.1 [39.3] | –0.4 [18.4] | –27.4 [41.9] | –9.2 [4.6]* | –23.7 [30.3] | –32.8 [30.8] |
0.37 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.07 | |
7,038 | 7,038 | 7,038 | 7,528 | 7,528 | 7,528 |
Native men | Wives of native men | Native women | Husbands of native women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wife native | Wife immigrant | Native | Immigrant | Husband native | Husband immigrant | Native | Immigrant | |
Age | 41.9 | 38.4 | 43.7 | 40.9 | ||||
Black | 0.068 | 0.038 | ||||||
Hispanic | 0.051 | 0.259 | 0.049 | 0.390 | 0.049 | 0.388 | 0.051 | 0.486 |
Asian | 0.006 | 0.030 | 0.007 | 0.221 | 0.007 | 0.040 | 0.006 | 0.079 |
No high school degree | 0.038 | 0.088 | 0.038 | 0.087 | 0.053 | 0.164 | ||
High school degree | 0.305 | 0.223 | 0.271 | 0.234 | 0.271 | 0.258 | 0.305 | 0.258 |
Some college | 0.286 | 0.239 | 0.286 | 0.252 | 0.261 | 0.184 | ||
College degree | 0.268 | 0.241 | 0.246 | 0.218 | ||||
Graduate degree | 0.135 | 0.200 | 0.135 | 0.176 | ||||
Parents immigrants (native sp) | 0.024 | 0.196 | 0.023 | 0.218 | 0.021 | 0.285 | 0.024 | 0.254 |
One parent immigrant (native sp) | 0.036 | 0.106 | 0.036 | 0.111 | 0.038 | 0.127 | 0.037 | 0.134 |
Metropolitan residence | 0.789 | 0.937 | 0.792 | 0.931 | 0.792 | 0.922 | 0.789 | 0.924 |
Presence of own children | 0.55 | 0.63 | 0.55 | 0.64 | ||||
Number of children age 0–17 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.33 | ||||
Adult age 18–69 present | 0.20 | 0.15 | ||||||
Elderly age 70+ present | 0.015 | 0.031 | 0.015 | 0.042 | ||||
Low skill immigrant share | 0.083 | 0.121 | 0.084 | 0.128 | 0.084 | 0.126 | 0.083 | 0.129 |
Household income | 96,881 | 100,027 | 95,610 | 88,676 | ||||
Employed | 0.743 | 0.633 | 0.743 | 0.702 | ||||
Spouse employed | 0.729 | 0.648 | ||||||
Wage, if >0 | 31.4 | 33.2 | 24.6 | 26.6 | ||||
Sp. wage, if >0 | 31.8 | 35.1 | 31.8 | 29.8 | 26.9 | 28.5 | ||
Non-US citizen (immig sp) | 0.446 | 0.483 | 0.475 | 0.503 | ||||
English-sp country (immig sp) | 0.111 | 0.117 | 0.138 | 0.140 | ||||
Arrived age 0–9 (immig sp) | 0.235 | 0.234 | 0.261 | 0.247 | ||||
Arrived aged 10–19 (immig sp) | 0.209 | 0.248 | 0.310 | 0.316 | ||||
Arrived aged 20+ (immig sp) | 0.445 | 0.518 | 0.291 | 0.437 | ||||
Weekend day | 0.296 | 0.336 | ||||||
Sample sizes by origin | ||||||||
Canada, UK, Australia, New Zealand | 144 | 190 | 206 | 182 | ||||
Eastern Europe, former the Soviet Union, Israel | 81 | 83 | 55 | 49 | ||||
Western Europe | 120 | 165 | 140 | 135 | ||||
China, other Asia | 282 | 289 | 100 | 75 | ||||
India, Bangladesh, Pakistan | 25 | 28 | 29 | 29 | ||||
Turkey, Middle East, N. Africa | 70 | 59 | 71 | 48 | ||||
Mexico | 267 | 283 | 384 | 298 | ||||
Central and South America | 260 | 282 | 283 | 213 | ||||
Africa, Caribbean Islands | 69 | 69 | 110 | 109 | ||||
Total | 26,964 | 1,318 | 29,906 | 1,448 | 29,906 | 1,378 | 26,964 | 1,138 |
Time use, daily min | ||||||||
Work | 227 | 200 | ||||||
Chores | 91 | 85 | 151 | 174 | 131 | 77 | ||
Total work | 448 | 431 |