Fragmenting the Family? The Complexity of Household Migration Strategies in Post-apartheid South Africa
et | 14 août 2019
IZA Journal of Development and Migration
Migration and Those Left Behind
À propos de cet article
Publié en ligne: 14 août 2019
Pages: -
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2019-0004
Mots clés
© 2019 Katharine Hall, Dorrit Posel, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Contribution of orphaning to parental absence
| 1993 | 2017 | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of children without a coresident mother | 2.6million | 3.4million |
| Mother deceased (as a percentage of children without coresident mother) | 8% | 18% |
| Number of children without a coresident father | 7.4million | 9.4million |
| Father deceased (as a percentage of children without coresident father) | 11% | 15% |
Sending and receiving geotypes for child migrants
| Sending destination (2008) | Receiving destination (2014–2015) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban | Rural (traditional authority) | Rural (farms) | Total | |
| Urban | 63.62 | 36.38 | – | 100 |
| Rural (traditional authority) | 46.71 | 51.64 | 1.65 | 100 |
| Rural (farms) | 24.21 | 73.85 | 1.94 | 100 |
| Total | 53.14 | 45.96 | 0.90 | 100 |
Parental co-residence with children, 1993–2017
| Child lives with | 1993 | 2008 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Both parents | 34.6 (1.06) | 27.1 (1.37) | 30.4 (0.60) |
| Mother, not father | 43.4 (0.90) | 44.7 (1.17) | 45.4 (0.59) |
| Father, not mother | 2.7 (0.23) | 2.5 (0.31) | 3.1 (0.18) |
| Neither parent | 19.3 (0.72) | 25.8 (0.99) | 21.1 (0.45) |
Parental contact and financial support to children
| How frequently does (parent) see the child? | Mother | Father | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-resident household member | Absent: lives elsewhere | Non-resident household member | Absent: lives elsewhere | |
| Every day | 0.4 (0.32) | 4.3 (0.89) | 0.0 | 5.4 (0.56) |
| Several times a week | 9.9 (2.97) | 13.8 (1.77) | 16.5 (6.29) | 13.0 (0.99) |
| Several times a month | 55.3 (5.08) | 39.4 (2.52) | 49.5 (5.88) | 24.8 (1.07) |
| Several times a year | 32.1 (2.73) | 34.6 (2.56) | 32.7 (5.67) | 26.2 (1.26) |
| Never | 2.4 (1.06) | 8.0 (1.05) | 1.2 (0.71) | 30.6 (1.05) |
| (Parent) supports the child financially | 70.3 (5.03) | 50.4 (2.33) | 82.5 (3.99) | 38.3 (1.44) |
Likelihood of child migration by mother’s migration and employment status
| Odds ratio | Standard error | |
|---|---|---|
| Mother migrated | 42.952*** | 0.178 |
| Mother’s employment status (wave 1) | ||
| Unemployed: not actively searching | 1.090*** | 0.007 |
| Unemployed: actively seeking work | 2.386*** | 0.012 |
| Employed | 1.420*** | 0.007 |
| Child’s age (wave 1) | 1.224*** | 0.003 |
| (Child’s age)2 (wave 1) | 0.965*** | 0.000 |
| Child’s geotype (wave 1) | ||
| Urban areas | 2.918*** | 0.012 |
| Commercial farms | 8.850*** | 0.065 |
| Number of observations = 2,433 | ||
| Log pseudo-likelihood = −1,143,443.9 |