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Using a smart watering system for controlling thrips inside mangosteen canopy in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Southern Thailand

Wantanee Malee

Wantanee Malee

Creative Innovation in Science and Technology Program, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat UniversityThailand
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Malee, Wantanee
, 
Somporn Ruang-on

Somporn Ruang-on

Creative Innovation in Science and Technology Program, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat UniversityThailand
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Ruang-on, Somporn
, 
Naeem Hussain

Naeem Hussain

Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla, Thailand
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Hussain, Naeem
 et 
Fahmida Wazed Tina

Fahmida Wazed Tina

Creative Innovation in Science and Technology Program, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat UniversityThailand
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Tina, Fahmida Wazed
  
14 déc. 2022
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Catégorie d'article: Article
Publié en ligne: 14 déc. 2022
Reçu: 08 sept. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2022-0018
Mots clés
© 2022 Wantanee Malee et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

The red dot inside Thailand map indicates Nakhon Si Thammarat province (left hand side) and another red dot inside Nakhon Si Thammarat map indicates Phrom Khiri (right hand side) which is our study site.
The red dot inside Thailand map indicates Nakhon Si Thammarat province (left hand side) and another red dot inside Nakhon Si Thammarat map indicates Phrom Khiri (right hand side) which is our study site.

Figure 2

The development stage of smart watering system in orchard.
The development stage of smart watering system in orchard.

Figure 3

The microcontroller board used in the smart watering system in orchard.
The microcontroller board used in the smart watering system in orchard.

Figure 4

Installation of sensing system on the mangosteen tree.
Installation of sensing system on the mangosteen tree.

Figure 5

The installation of automatic watering system and water pipe (6 m long) inside the mangosteen canopy.
The installation of automatic watering system and water pipe (6 m long) inside the mangosteen canopy.

Figure 6

The demonstration of the watering inside the mangosteen canopy.
The demonstration of the watering inside the mangosteen canopy.

Figure 7

Yellow sticky trap for collecting thrips inside the mangosteen canopy.
Yellow sticky trap for collecting thrips inside the mangosteen canopy.

Figure 8

The thrips (inside the circles) on the yellow sticky trap.
The thrips (inside the circles) on the yellow sticky trap.

Figure 9

The size (mm) of a randomly selected thrips from the mangosteen canopy.
The size (mm) of a randomly selected thrips from the mangosteen canopy.

Figure 10

The complete process of smart watering system for controlling humidity and thrips inside mangosteen canopy.
The complete process of smart watering system for controlling humidity and thrips inside mangosteen canopy.

Figure 11

The mean (± SE) humidity (%) in ‘control’ and ‘automatic water management system’. ‘*’ indicates the significant difference (p < 0.001).
The mean (± SE) humidity (%) in ‘control’ and ‘automatic water management system’. ‘*’ indicates the significant difference (p < 0.001).

Figure 12

The mean (± SE) thrips numbers per yellow sticky trap (dual-sided 25 × 20 cm) in ‘control’ and ‘automatic water management system’. ‘*’ indicates the significant difference (p < 0.005).
The mean (± SE) thrips numbers per yellow sticky trap (dual-sided 25 × 20 cm) in ‘control’ and ‘automatic water management system’. ‘*’ indicates the significant difference (p < 0.005).

Figure 13

The correlation between humidity (%) and thrips numbers per yellow sticky trap (dual-sided 25 × 20 cm).
The correlation between humidity (%) and thrips numbers per yellow sticky trap (dual-sided 25 × 20 cm).
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