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A Multipath Development Framework for Inter-Organizational Relationships: A Metasynthesis of Qualitative Studies

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Table 2.

A multipath development framework for inter-organizational relationships
A multipath development framework for inter-organizational relationships

The process of SLR

Phase I: Setting up assumptions
Metasynthesis aim: identification of an integrated model of interorganizational relationships development based on qualitative research. Research questions: (1) How many and what kind of phases can/should be distinguished? (2) What factors/issues/phenomena trigger or impact changes in the IOR life cycle? (3) Is the development path linear? (4) Is the development path of RLC iterative or rather sequential? (5) What are the general features of RLC? (6) When and how does the life cycle of IOR begin? (7) When and how does the life cycle of IOR end?
Stage II: Literature collection
Data bases: EBSCO, Scopus, JSTOR
Search terms: 20 pairs of the following search terms:

10 pairs of search terms linking “interfirm” AND:

“relation* life”, “relation* cycle”, “relation* phase”, “relation* stage”, “relation* process”, “relation* development”, “relation* features”, “relation* characteristics”, “relation* dynamics”, “relation* evolution”

10 pairs of searching terms linking “interorganizational*” AND:

“relation* life”, “relation* cycle”, “relation* phase”, “relation* stage”, “relation* process”, “relation* development”, “relation* features”, “relation* characteristics”, “relation* dynamics”, “relation* evolution”

Inclusion criteria:

Search in: title OR abstract OR keywords

Publication date: 1998 or later*

Publication type: articles published in scientific journals

Reviewing procedure: peer reviewed or double peer reviewed

Language: English

Research areas: Business /Economics /Management

Exclusion criteria:

Exclude conference papers, proceedings, book chapters, scientific announcements, etc.

Exclude works not available in full text format.

Results obtained Researcher 1 Scopus Researcher 2 JSTOR Researcher 3 EBSCO
Database obtained using searching criteria 6070 35 4892
Database obtained using both inclusion and exclusion criteria 467 6 156
Identified works in three academic databases 629
Duplicated works 82
Initial database 547
Phase III: Literature selection & evaluation
Selection of works was conducted by reading the titles, abstracts, key words (if available), and conclusion part of the papers gathered in the initial database.
Selection criteria used to evaluate collected papers**

Selected articles – directly referring to our research aim or research questions, the work focuses on B2B relationships and adopts a management perspective.

Inspiring articles – indirectly referring to our research aim or research questions, the work focuses on B2C relationships and adopts an interesting perspective on the considered issues (e.g., unknown or unusual for management studies).

Not relevant articles – not referring to our research aim or research questions, the work considers issues outside our scope of interest (i.e., random terminology convergence).

Results obtained Researcher 1 Researcher 2 Researcher 3 In total
Works marked as selected 35 34 32 101
Works marked as inspiring 16 42 30 88
Works marked as not relevant 126 9 115 340
Duplicated works 6 8 4 18
Added seminal papers *** 7
Screened database 108
Final database including ONLY works presenting results from qualitative field research processes**** 18Batonda & Perry, 2003; Heffernan & Poole, 2004; Lau & Goh, 2005; Duanmu & Fai, 2007; Meng, 2010; Davis & Love, 2011; Ming-Huei & Wen-Chiung, 2011; Lee & Johnsen, 2012; Abosag & Lee, 2013; Baptista, 2013; Plewa et al., 2013; Akrout, 2014; Mandják et al., 2015; Hastings et al., 2016; Panda & Dash, 2016; de Almeida Moraes et al., 2017; Ferreira et al., 2017; Restuccia & Legoux, 2019
Phase IV: Literature analysis
Conceptual aspects analyzed

Definitions adopted, reference theories, main gaps filled, newly identified gaps, and future research directions.

Methodological aspects analyzed

Research methods and techniques, sample size, study context.

Criteria of comparative analysis

Number and specificity of phases of RLC, linearity of RLC, renewal (regression) of phases, inclusion of pre-relationship phase(-s), consideration of post-relationship phase(-s), time dependency, breaking/change events for phases and IOR, sources of heterogeneity of IOR, features of RLC.

Approach to data analysis

Qualitative, concept centric thematic synthesis.

Phase V: Reporting
Dissemination of findings

Dissemination of results.

Qualitative studies on the relationship life cycle

Authors Year Research subject Followed approach to RLC Research method (data collection and analysis) Sample size Industry Relationship research focus / type Country Phases Linearity RLC process descriptions Renewal Pre-relationship phase (-s) Post-relationship phase (-s) Time importance Points of change Cultural context
Batonda & Perry 2003 Inter-firm network development phases – RLC Adopted from literature review (e.g., Ford, 1980; Dwyer et al., 1987; Kanter, 1994; Wilson, 1995) Multiple, in-depth case study (semi-structured interviews) 12D (24) Manufacturing & services industries D /manufacturer – service Australia-Asia Searching Starting Development On-going maintenance Termination Dormant and re-activation a non-L PR yes yes yes yes
Heffernan & Poole 2004 Critical prevention factors of relationship deterioration and termination Adopted from literature review (e.g., Ford, 1982; Dwyer et al., 1987; Wilson, 1995; Ford et al., 1998) Multiple case study (indepth interviews) 10D (38) Universities D /university – offshore partner Australia-Asia Pre-relationship Early interaction Relationship growth Partnership Relationship end STG yes yes
Lau & Goh 2005 Factors that influence relational change Based on (Ford, 1980) Comparative case study (in-depth interviews and unstructured discussions) 3D (6) Printed circuit board (PCB) industry D/buyer – seller Singapore-German / Taiwan Pre-relationship Early Development Long-term STG yes yes yes yes
Duanmu & Fai 2007 Factors that accelerate or prolong RDP at each phase (according to knowledge transfer) A priori stated Multiple, processual case study (semi-structured interviews) ‘ 16D (32) Electrical and electronics industry D /multinational enterprise (MNE) – supplier China Initiating Developing Intensifying STG yes
Meng 2010 Key relationship indicators Adopted from literature review (Li et al., 2000; SFfC, 2003; Humphreys et al., 2003; Jones & Saad, 2003). Case study (focus on interview, expert interviews, scoring, Analytic Hierarchy Process) 2 Construction D /supply chain relationship, customer supplier UK Level 1 (adversarialism or arm’s length) Level 2 (limited cooperation) Level 3 (short-term collaboration) Level 4 (long-term collaboration) STG
Davis & Love 2011 Key factors of successful relationship development in alliances Based on (Ford et al., 1998; Wilson, 1995; Pascale, 1997; Thompson & Sanders, 1998; Donaldson et al., 2001; Dwyer et al., 1987; Body et al., 2000) and modified Multiple case study (indepth interviews) (49) Construction I /supply chain, vary industry practitioners Australia Assessment Commitment Enduring non-L STG/PH yes yes
Ming-Huei & Wen-Chiung 2011 Factors of key account relationships that differ alignment patterns and drive alignment transitions over time Based on (Dwyer et al., 1987; Jap & Ganesan, 2000) and modified Multiple case study (indepth interviews) 4D (11) TFT-LCD, gas production, legal service, steel and iron production D /key account relationships, buyer – seller Global context Exploration Build-up Maturity PH /PR
Lee & Johnsen 2012 Characteristics of asymmetric relationships and relationship development stages Adopted from literature review (e.g., Dwyer et al., 1987; Ford, 1980; Frazier, 1983; Wilson, 1995; Jap & Ganesan, 2000) Multiple, in-depth case study (semi-structured interviews) 5 (50) Electronic D /customer – supplier relationship Taiwan Exploratory Developing Stable STG yes yes
Abosag & Lee 2013 Variability of key, culturally conditioned relationship factors Based on (Ford, 1980; Dwyer et al., 1987; Wilson, 1995; Batonda & Perry, 2003) Longitudinal, multiple case study (in-depth interviews, data collected twice) 33 Manufacturing industry I /only manufacturing industry managers point of view Saudi Arabia Pre-relationship Early integration Growth Maintenance Dissolution phase d non-L STG / PH yes yes
Baptista 2013 Significant driving forces for long-term relationship development – RDP Based on (Johanson & Mattsson, 1987; Möller & Wilson, 1988, 1995; Ruekert & Walker, 1987) Longitudinal, multiple case study (in-depth interviews) 4D (35) Mining industry D/buyer – seller Portugal Exchange Adaptation Coordination PR yes
Plewa et al. 2013 Key success factors of the different relationship phases Based on (Dwyer et al., 1987; Ford, 1982; Christopher et al., 1991; Tikkanen & Tuominen, 2000; Grayson & Ambler, 1999; Voss & Voss, 1997; Rao & Perry, 2002) Multiple case study (in-depth semi-structured interviews) 15D (30) University – industry (various) D /university – industry relationship Australia-German / Holland Pre-linkage Establishment Engagement Advancement Latent phase non-L PH yes yes yes yes yes
Akrout 2014 How relationship quality dimensions develop in each phase of buyer-seller relationship Based on (Dwyer et al., 1987) Multiple case study (in-depth semi-structured interviews) 39 Various B2B sectors I /only French buyers point of view France Exploration Expansion Maintenance L STG/PH yes yes
Mandják et al. 2015 A role of trust in the birth of business relationships Based on (Ford, 1980; Dwyer et al. 1987; Levinger, 1980; Huston & Levinger, 1978) Case study (in-depth interviews) 1 (25) Electronic D /buyer – supplier Hungary NA STG yes yes
Hastings et al. 2016 Critical success criteria for pre-relationships state /early relationships state Adopted from literature review (e.g., Dwyer et al., 1987; Ford, 2002; Wilson, 1995) Multiple case study (semi-structured interviews, summative assessment approach) 4 Prawn fisheries D /fishery value chain (assessment) Australia NA non-L STT/STG yes yes yes
Panda & Dash 2016 The role of control and trust for developing a cooperative VC-entrepreneur relationship A priori stated Multiple case study (semi-structured interviews) 10D (28+20) Diverse D /VC-entrepreneur relationships India Early phase, Growth phase STG yes yes
de Almeida Moraes et al. 2017 How firms access and use international partner networks over time in their internationalization processes – RLC A posteriori – emerges from the research Longitudinal, multiple case study (interviews) 4D (16) IT software I /only software service firms point of view Brasil Pre-relationship Trigger Initial contact Formalization Building personal relationships Local expansion Internationalization b STG yes yes yes yes
Ferreira et al. 2017 A phase model for solution relationship development – RLC Based on (Ford, 1980; Dwyer et al. 1987; Sawhney, 2006; Tuli et al., 2007) Multiple case study (in-depth interviews) 9D /4T Aerospace D-T /manufacturer – supplier – customer Global context Matching Combining Mixing Sharing c non-L PH yes yes yes
Restuccia & Legoux 2019 The contingency role of the relationship life-cycle in driving future customer outcomes – RLC Based on (Dwyer et al., 1987; Jap & Anderson, 2007) Longitudinal case study (archival sales data, in-depth interviews, longitudinal analysis) 1 Printing company I /only supplier point of view North America Exploration Buildup Maturity Decline STG yes