Ovicidal effect of ethanolic extracts of selected plants on eggs of liver flukes in vitro

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2:

List of plant species and the organs that were evaluated for their anthelmintic activity_

No	Family Name	Scientific Name	Common Name	Organs Used
1.	Fabaceae	Acacia karoo	Sweet thorn	Leaves and stem
2.	Fabaceae	Acacia tortilis	Umbrella thorn	Leaves and stem
3.	Asteraceae	Achillea millefolium	Yarrow	Leaves
4.	Liliaceae	Allium sativum	Garlic	Bulbs
5.	Asphodelaceae	Aloe ferox	Bitter aloe	Stem
6.	Bromeliaceae	Ananas comosus	Pineapple	Leaves
7.	Papaveraceae	Argemone mexicana	Mexican prickly poppy	Leaves and stem
8.	Asteraceae	Artemisia afra	African wormwood	Leaves and stem
9.	Asteraceae	Artemisia vulgaris	Mugwort	Leaves and stem
10.	Aristolochiaceae	Asarum canadense	Wild ginger	Rhizomes
11.	Asteraceae	Cichorium intybus.	Chicory	Leaves
12.	Amaryllidaceae	Crinum moorei	Inanda lily	Leaves and stem
13.	Cyatheaceae	Cyathea dealbata	Tree fern	Leaves and stem
14.	Poaceae	Cymbopogon nardus	Lemon grass	Leaves
15.	Apiaceae	Foeniculum vulgare	Fennel	Stem and fruit
16.	Lamiaceae	Mentha piperita	Peppermint	Leaves and stem
17.	Moringaceae	Moringa oleifera	Horse radish tree	Leaves
18.	Lamiaceae	Ocimum gratissimum	African basil	Leaves and fruit
19.	Poaceae	Oxytenanthera abyssinica	Lowland bamboo	Stem
20.	Lamiaceae	Plectranthus sp1	Supr flower	Leaves and bark
21.	Lamiaceae	Plectranthus sp2	Supr flower	Leaves and bark
22.	Lamiaceae	Plectranthus sp3	Supr flower	Leaves and bark
23.	Lamiaceae	Plectranthus sp4	Supr flower	Leaves and bark
24.	Myrtaceae	Psidium guajava	Guava	Leaves
25.	Rubiaceae	Psychotria capensis	Bird berry	Leaves
26.	Myrtaceae	Syzygium aromaticum	Clove	Fruit
27.	Myrtaceae	Syzygium cordatum	Water berry	Leaves
28.	Canellaceae	Warburgia ugandensis	East African pepper	Leaves and bark
29.	Canellaceae	Warburgia salutaris	Pepper bark	Leaves and bark

In vitro efficacy of ethanolic extracts of five plants against eggs of liver flukes from cattle__

Plants	5% Extract Mortality (%)	10% Extract Mortality (%)	20% Extract Mortality (%)
Moringa oleifera	82.67 fg	90 gf	100 h
Ananas comosus	80 fg	89 gf	100 h
Foeniculum vulgare	63 de	75 ef	89 gf
Cymbopogon nardus	33 a	47 bc	62 de
Artemisia afra	30 a	42 ab	60 cd

ANOVA table for the activity of five plant extracts at three concentrations against eggs of liver flukes from cattle_

Source of variation	d.f.	s.s.	m.s.	F value	P value
Plants	5	19631.7	3926.34	67.51	<0.001
Concentrations	2	8405.81	4202.91	72.26	<0.001
Plants x concentrations	10	1896.41	189.64	3.26	0.005
Residual	34	1977.52	58.16
Total	53	31998.59
LSD	13.51
Mean ± SE	67.4 ± 6.23
CV%	12.65

ANOVA table for the main effect of 29 ethanolic plant extracts against eggs of liver flukes from cattle_

Source of variation	d.f.	s.s.	m.s.	F value	P value
Plants	29	87998.22	3034.421	320.08	<0.001
Residual	58	549.844	9.48
Total	89	88556.22
LSD	5.032
Mean ± SE	41.56 ± 2.514
CV%	7.4