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Epidemiological survey on gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasites in cats around Toulouse (France)

P. Henry
P. Henry
, 
C. Huck-Gendre
C. Huck-Gendre
, 
M. Franc
M. Franc
, 
T. L. Williams
T. L. Williams
, 
E. Bouhsira
E. Bouhsira
 et 
E. Lienard
E. Lienard
   | 30 déc. 2022
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Publié en ligne: 30 déc. 2022
Pages: 385 - 397
Reçu: 30 mars 2022
Accepté: 10 sept. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0036
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© 2022 P. Henry, C. Huck-Gendre, M. Franc, T. L. Williams, E. Bouhsira, E. Lienard, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Prevalence of parasitism, for a single species or more endoparasites (CI: 95% Confidence Intervals) stratified according to group. Consultation group represent cats presenting for consultation and postmortem group, cats for which parasites were identified at post-mortem.

Consultation group (n=448) Postmortem group (n=50) Total (n=498)
Positive, n 50 8 58
% (CI) 11.2 (8.2 – 14.1) 16 (5.8 – 26.2) 11.6 (8.8 – 14.5)
Of these
One parasite species, n 48 4 52
% (CI) 96.0 (94.2 – 97.8) 50 (36.1 – 63.9) 89.7 (87.0 – 92.3)
Two parasite species or more, n 2 4 6
% (CI) 4.0 (2.2 – 5.8) 50 (36.1 – 63.9) 10.3 (7.7 – 13.0)

Prevalence of Toxocara cati stratified by various factors.

n, cats positive for T cati Overall population Prevalence
SEX
Female 17 256 6.6
Male 30 242 12.4°
REPRODUCTIVE STATUS
Neutered 10 209 4.8
Entire 37 289 12.8°
LIFESTYLE
inside strictly 18 251 7.2
access to outdoor 28 235 11.9
LIVING ENVIRONMENT
rural 9 56 16.1°
urban 38 442 8.6
HOUSEHOLD
alone 24 294 8.2
other animals 23 185 12.4
DIET
hunter 8 53 15.1
not hunting 32 395 8.1
TIME SINCE LAST WORMER
< 6 months 17 306 5.6
never or > 6 months 26 143 18.2°
AGE
< 6 months 24 123 19.5°
> 6 months 23 375 6.2
TOTAL 47 498 9.4

Univariable analysis of factors significantly associated with positive result for overall parasitism or for Toxocara cati specifically.

n sig OR 95% CI for OR
Overall parasitism
Age (years) 496 0.003 0.87 0.79 0.95
Sex (male vs. female [referent]) 498 0.015 2.02 1.15 3.56
Reproductive status (neutered vs. entire [referent]) 498 <0.001 0.25 0.12 0.51
Anthelmintic treatment (administered in last 6 months 449 0.001 0.38 0.21 0.69
vs. never administered or >6 months ago [referent])
Breed (purebred vs. non-purebred [referent] 498 0.175 0.37 0.09 1.56
Location (rural vs. urban [referent]) 497 0.130 1.78 0.84 3.76
Sex and reproductive status
> Neutered females (vs. entire females and all males 113 0.021 0.36 0.15 0.86
combined [referent])
> Entire males (vs. neutered males and all females 146 <0.001 3.82 2.18 6.7
combined [referent])
> Neutered males (vs. entire males and all females 96 0.017 0.28 0.1 0.79
combined [referent])
Toxocara cati
Age (years) 47 0.004 0.85 0.76 0.95
Sex (male vs. female [referent]) 47 0.03 1.99 1.07 3.71
Reproductive status (neutered vs. entire [referent]) 47 0.004 0.34 0.17 0.71
Anthelmintic treatment (administered in last 6 months 43 <0.001 0.27 0.14 0.51
vs. never wormed or >6 months ago [referent])
Breed (purebred vs. non-purebred [referent] 47 0.143 0.22 0.3 1.66
Location (rural vs. urban[referent]) 47 0.078 2.03 0.93 4.46
Sex and reproductive status
> Entire males (vs. neutered males and all females 26 <0.001 3.42 1.85 6.3
combined [referent])

Types of endoparasites identified, by decreasing frequency and stratified by group. Consultation group represent cats presenting for consultation and postmortem group, cats for which parasites were identified at post-mortem.

Consultation group (n=448) Postmortem group (n=50) Total (n=498)
Toxocara cati, n 40 7 47
% (CI) 8.9 (6.3 – 11.6) 14 (4.4 – 23.6) 9.4 (6.9 – 12.0)
Cystoisospora sp, n 5 0 5
% (CI) Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, n 1.1 4 (0.1 – 2.1) 0 1 1.0 5 (0.1 – 1.9)
% (CI) 0.9 (0 – 1.8) 2 (0 – 5.9) 1.0 (0.1 – 1.9)
Strongyloides sp, n 2 1 3
% (CI) 0.5 (0 – 1.1) 2 (0 – 5.9) 0.6 (0 – 1.3)
Mesocestoides sp, n 0 2 2
% (CI) 0 4 (0 – 9.4) 0.4 (0 – 1.0)
Dipylidium caninum, n 1 1 2
% (CI) 0.2 (0 – 0.7) 2 (0 – 5.9) 0.4 (0 – 1.0)
Tænia (Hydatigera) tæniaeformis sensu lato, n 0 1 1
% (CI) 0 2 (0 – 5.9) 0.2 (0 – 0.6)
Capillariidae, n % (CI) 0 0 1 2 (0 – 5.9) 1 0.2 (0 – 0.6)
Ancylostomatidae, n 0 1 1
% (CI) 0 2 (0 – 5.9) 0.2 (0 – 0.6)
Toxascaris leonina, n 1 0 1
% (CI) 0.2 (0 – 0.7) 0 0.2 (0 – 0.6)

Prevalence of endoparasites in cats from France, chronological order (most relevant list).

Author Publication Date Area Population Method Results
Franc et al. Rev med vet 1997 4 National Veterinary Schools (Nantes, Paris, Toulouse, Lyon) 98 privately owned patient cats Flotation (OvassayTD) 17.3 % overall prevalence 14.2 % T. cati 3 % D. caninum
Beugnet et al. Rev med vet 2000 Paris area 34 privately owned cats Flotation and sedimentation (Telemann-Rivas) 8.8 % overall prevalence 2.9 % T. cati 2.9 % Tænia (Hydatigera) tæniaeformis sensu lato 2.9 % Cystoisospora sp
Loge Unpublished (veterinary doctoral theses) 2001 North west of France 180 cats ND 14 % T. cati 5.5 % Tapeworms
Coati et al. Parasitol Res 2003 France and Germany 3500 cats Modified McMaster method and flotation 11.3 % T. cati 0.4 % Ancylostomatidae 0.3 % T. leonina 0.3 % D. caninum
Gibier Unpublished (veterinary doctoral theses) 2007 Toulouse area 202 privately owned patient cats Flotation (Ovassay TD) 11.4 % Overall prevalence 9.4 % T. cati 1.5 % Cystoisospora sp 0.5 % A. abstrusus
Beugnet et al. Parasites and vectors 2014 Several European countries including 2 French veterinary faculties (Nantes and Maison-Alfort) 1519 domestic cats but 187 from France Flotation and Baermann method 35.1 % overall prevalence 19.7 % T. cati (9.1 % in French cats) 1.4 % Ancylostomatidae 0.3 % T. leonina 3.0 % D. caninum 4.1 % A. abstrusus 1.1 % Capillariidae 9.7 % Cystoisospora sp
Gianelli et al. International Journal of Parasitology 2017 12 European countries 1990 domestic cats but 92 from France McMaster and Baermann method 30.8 % overall prevalence 16.5 % ascarids 10.6 % lungworms 6.5 % coccidian 4.5 % hookworms

Endoparasite prevalence of consultation group (cats presenting for consultation) and postmortem group stratified by various factors.

Consultation group Postmortem group TOTAL
Total headcount Positive Prevalence Total headcount Positive Prevalence Total headcount Positive Prevalence
TOTAL 448 50 11.2 50 8 16.0 498 58 11.6
SEX
Female 233 18 7.7 23 3 13.0 256 21 8.2
> Entire 140 14 10.0 3 1 33.3 143 15 10.5
> Neutered 93 4 4.3 20 2 10.0 113 6 5.3
Male 215 32 14.9 27 5 18.5 242 37 15.3°
> Entire 136 31 22.8 10 2 20.0 146 33 22.6
> Neutered 79 1 1.3 17 3 17.6 80 4 5.0
REPRODUCTIVE STATUS
Neutered 172 5 2.9 37 5 13.5 209 10 4.8
Entire 276 45 16.3 13 3 23.1 289 48 16.6°
LIFESTYLE
inside strictly 235 20 8.5 16 3 18.8 251 23 9.2
access to outdoor 212 30 14.2 23 4 17.4 235 34 14.5
LIVING ENVIRONMENT
rural 47 8 17.0 9 2 22.2 56 10 17.9
urban 401 42 10.5 41 6 14.6 442 48 10.9
HOUSEHOLD
alone 273 27 9.9 21 3 14.3 294 30 10.2
other animals 171 23 13.5 14 5 35.7 185 28 15.1
DIET
hunter 53 8 15.1° ND ND ND ND ND ND
not hunting 395 42 10.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND
TIME SINCE LAST WORMER
<6 months 290 21 7.2 16 4 25.0 306 25 8.2
never or >6months 129 27 20.9 14 0 0.0 143 27 18.9°
AGE
< 6 months 124 29 23.4 1 1 100.0 125 30 24.0
> 6 months 324 21 6.5 47 7 14.9 371 28 7.5°
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