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Identification of the main intestinal helminths of local breed chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) reared in traditional mode in the Oran region

R. Kerroucha
R. Kerroucha
, 
I. Medjoual
I. Medjoual
, 
L. Bourguig
L. Bourguig
 et 
K. Senouci
K. Senouci
   | 03 sept. 2022
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Publié en ligne: 03 sept. 2022
Pages: 170 - 178
Reçu: 22 juin 2021
Accepté: 20 avr. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0015
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© 2022 R. Kerroucha, I. Medjoual, L. Bourguig, K. Senouci, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788), Anterior part, 5 % eosin stain, ×40. The body of this worm is semi-transparent, creamy white, and cylindrical. The anterior end is characterized by a mouth, which is surrounded by three large trilobed lips. The body is completely covered with a transversely striated cuticle. Females are considerably longer and more robust. Males are relatively shorter and smaller.
Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788), Anterior part, 5 % eosin stain, ×40. The body of this worm is semi-transparent, creamy white, and cylindrical. The anterior end is characterized by a mouth, which is surrounded by three large trilobed lips. The body is completely covered with a transversely striated cuticle. Females are considerably longer and more robust. Males are relatively shorter and smaller.

Fig. 2

Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788), 5 % eosin stain, × 40. The pre-cloacal suction cup is circular with a chitinous mount with a diameter of 0.07 to 0.08 mm. There is no gubernaculum. The spicules are unequal and dissimilar, a slender, long and wingless 1.5 – 2.2 mm long; the other short, 0.5 to 1.1mm wide. The caudal end is thin and slightly curved in its distal part.
Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788), 5 % eosin stain, × 40. The pre-cloacal suction cup is circular with a chitinous mount with a diameter of 0.07 to 0.08 mm. There is no gubernaculum. The spicules are unequal and dissimilar, a slender, long and wingless 1.5 – 2.2 mm long; the other short, 0.5 to 1.1mm wide. The caudal end is thin and slightly curved in its distal part.

Fig. 3

Raillietina cesticillus (Molin, 1858), hematoxylin stain, × 40. The body consists of the ‘scolex’, an unsegmented ‘neck’ and a highly segmented body called a strobila made up of a chain of ribbon-shaped proglottids. The scolex bears an apical rounded, the rostellum prominent and protruding, surrounded by four poorly developed suckers completely devoid of thorns.
Raillietina cesticillus (Molin, 1858), hematoxylin stain, × 40. The body consists of the ‘scolex’, an unsegmented ‘neck’ and a highly segmented body called a strobila made up of a chain of ribbon-shaped proglottids. The scolex bears an apical rounded, the rostellum prominent and protruding, surrounded by four poorly developed suckers completely devoid of thorns.

Fig. 4

Raillietina (Raillietina) tetragona (Molin, 1858), hematoxylin stain, × 40. This worm has a tetragonal scolex with a rostrum armed with a hundred hooks arranged in a single crown and 4 suckers lined with 8 to 10 rows of small thorns.
Raillietina (Raillietina) tetragona (Molin, 1858), hematoxylin stain, × 40. This worm has a tetragonal scolex with a rostrum armed with a hundred hooks arranged in a single crown and 4 suckers lined with 8 to 10 rows of small thorns.

Fig. 5

Infestation rate by identified helminths. The difference between nematodes and cestodes is very significant (p <0.05).
Infestation rate by identified helminths. The difference between nematodes and cestodes is very significant (p <0.05).

Fig. 6

Prevalence of identified helminth. Among the identified species, H. gallinarum represents the most widespread nematode with a rate of 60% followed by A. galli. The cestodes R. cesticillus and much more R. tetragona were found at relatively low rates.
Prevalence of identified helminth. Among the identified species, H. gallinarum represents the most widespread nematode with a rate of 60% followed by A. galli. The cestodes R. cesticillus and much more R. tetragona were found at relatively low rates.

Comparative characteristics of Ascaridia galli

Source Present study Euzéby (1963) Yousfi (2012) Laouel (2017)
Gender Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Length (mm) 21 – 70 40 – 90 50 – 70 80 – 100 17.6 – 71 22.45 – 102 20.83 74
Width (mm) 0.5 – 1.02 0.5 – 1.5 0.60 1.5 0.41 – 1.22 0.46 – 1.5 0.71 0.78
Spicule (mm) 1 – 2.5 / 4 / 0.60 – 2.41 / 0.225 /

Comparative characteristics of Heterakis gallinarum.

Source Present study Euzéby (1963) Yousfi (2012) Laouel (2017)
Gender Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Length (mm) 6 – 11 7 – 13 7.12 5.82 – 10.42 11.25 – 12 6.035 6.67
Width (mm) 0.25 – 0.35 0.30 – 0.40 0.30 – 0.35 0.21 – 0.34 0.35 0.387
Spicule 1.5 – 2 2 – 2.17 1.33 – 2.12 1.75-2
(mm) 0.70 – 1 0.56 – 0.76

The different parasitic species collected and their locations

Species Location Number of infested chikens
Nematodes
Ascaridia galli Different parts of the small intestine 5
Heterakis gallinarum Caecum 6
Cestodes
Raillietina cesticillus Duodenum and jejunum 2
Raillietina tetragona Duodenum and jejunum 1
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