[
Adam B (2006) Medium-sized cities in urban regions. European Planning Studies 14, (4):547–555.10.1080/09654310500421220
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Antrop M (2004) Landscape change and the urbanization process in Europe. Landscape and Urban Planning 67, (1‒4):9–26.10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00026-4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Balducci A, Fedeli V, Curci F (2017) Post-metropolitan territories. Looking for a new urbanity. Routledge, London & New York.10.4324/9781315625300
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bell D, Jayne M (2009) Small cities? Towards a research agenda. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33, (3): 683–699.10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00886.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bellet C, Llop J (2004) Miradas a otros espacios urbanos: las ciudades intermedias. Geo Crítica/Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 8, (165):157–180.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bolton T, Hildreth P (2013) Mid-sized cities: Their role in England’s economy. Centre for Cities„ London.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bonifazi C, Heins F (2003) Testing the differential urbanisation model for Italy. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 94, (1):23–37.10.1111/1467-9663.00234
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Booi H, Boterman W (2020) Changing patterns in residential preferences for urban or suburban living of city dwellers. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 35, (1):93–123.10.1007/s10901-019-09678-8
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bunting T, Filion P, Hoernig H, Seasons M, Lederer J (2007) Density, size, dispersion: towards understanding the structural dynamics of mid-size cities. Canadian Journal of Urban Research 16, (2):27–52.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Buzar S, Ogden P, Hall R, Haase A, Kabisch S, Steinführer A (2007) Splintering urban populations: Emergent landscapes of reurbanisation in four european cities. Urban Studies 44, (4):651–677.10.1080/00420980601185544
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Camagni R, Capello R, Caragliu A (2015) The rise of second-rank cities: What role for agglomeration economies? European Planning Studies 23, (6):1069–1089.10.1080/09654313.2014.904999
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Caselli B, Ventura P, Zazzi M (2020) Performance-based spatial monitoring. An interpretative model for long term shrinking medium-small Italian towns. Sustainable Cities and Society 53:101924.10.1016/j.scs.2019.101924
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cebrián Abellán F, Sánchez Ondoño I (2019) Urban sprawl in inner medium-sized cities: The behaviour in some Spanish case since the beginning of the 21st century. Urban Science 3, (1): 1–17.10.3390/urbansci3010010
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Champion T (2001) Urbanization, suburbanization, counterurbanization and reurbanization. In: Paddison R, (ed.) Handbook of urban studies. Sage, London, pp. 143–161.10.4135/9781848608375.n9
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cheshire P (1995) A new phase of urban development in Western Europe? The evidence for the 1980s. Urban Studies 32, (7): 1045–1063.10.1080/00420989550012564
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cividino S, Egidi G, Salvati L (2020a) Unraveling the (uneven) linkage? A reflection on population aging and suburbanization in a Mediterranean perspective. Sustainability 12, (11): 4546.10.3390/su12114546
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cividino S, Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir R, Salvati L (2020b) Revisiting the “City Life Cycle”: Global Urbanization and Implications for Regional Development. Sustainability 12, (3):1151.10.3390/su12031151
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cori B (1986) The national settlements system of Italy. Ekistics 53, (316‒317):18–25.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Couch C, Leontidou L, Petschel-Held G (2007) Urban Sprawl in Europe: Landscape, land-use change & policy. Blackwell, Oxford.10.1002/9780470692066
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cox E, Longlands S (2016) The role of small and medium-sized towns and cities in growing the Northern powerhouse. Institute for Public Policy Research„ Manchester.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Demazière C (2017) Small and medium-sized towns: A research topic at the margins of urban studies? In: Hamdouch A, Nyseth T, Demazière C, Førde A, Serrano J, Aarsæther N, (eds.) Creative approaches to planning and local development. Insights from small and medium-sized towns in Europe. Routledge, London & New York, pp. 22–35.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dembski S, Sykes O, Couch C, Desjardins X, Evers D, Osterhage F, Siedentop S, Zimmermann K (2021) Reurbanisation and suburbia in Northwest Europe: A comparative perspective on spatial trends and policy approaches. Progress in Planning 150: 100462.10.1016/j.progress.2019.100462
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dicecca M (2019) La città media (The medium-sized town). Libria, Melfi.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dijkstra L, Garcilazo E, McCann P (2013) The economic performance of European cities and city regions: Myths and realities. European Planning Studies 21, (3):334–354.10.1080/09654313.2012.716245
]Search in Google Scholar
[
EC (2008) Green paper on territorial cohesion. Turning territorial diversity into strength. COM(2008) 616 final. EC„ Brussels.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
EC (2015) The Riga Declaration. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/content/riga-declaration-0.html.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
EC (2019) The European Green Deal. COM(2019) 640 final. EC„ Brussels.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
EC (2020) Territorial Agenda. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/information/publications/brochures/2021/territorial-agenda-2030-a-future-for-all-places.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
EEA (2006) Urban sprawl in Europe. The ignored challenge. EEA, Copenhagen.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
EEA-FOEN (2016) Urban sprawl in Europe. EEA-FOEN, Copenaghen & Berne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Egidi G, Salvati L (2020) Beyond the suburban-urban divide: Convergence in age structures in metropolitan Rome, Italy. Journal of Population and Social Studies 28, (2):130–142.10.25133/JPSSv28n2.009
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Erickcek G, McKinney H (2006) Small cities blues: Looking for growth factors in small and medium-sized cities. Economic Development Quarterly 20, (3):232–258.10.1177/0891242406290377
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Escudero Gómez L, García González J, Martínez Navarro J (2019) Medium-sized cities in Spain and their urban area within national network. Urban Science 3, (1):1–15.10.3390/urbansci3010005
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ESPON (2006) The role of small and medium-sized towns (SMESTO), Final Report. ESPON, Luxembourg.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ESPON (2014) TOWN. Small and medium-sized towns in their functional territorial context, Final Report. Final Report. ESPON, Luxembourg.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ESPON (2020) SUPER-Sustainable urbanization and land-use practices in European regions, Final Report. Final Report. ESPON„ Luxembourg.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ferry M, Hoed W (2020) Regional policy and the urban paradox: Reinforcing the urban dimension in a time of crisis. In: Paper to the 41st meeting of the EoRPA Regional Policy Research Consortium. Available at: <https://www.eprc-strath.eu/public/dam/jcr:f005a9ce-ef90-4e08-83d252e13e7f7180/EoRPA_Report_20(6)_Urban_Dimension.pdf>.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Frick S, Rodríguez-Pose A (2018) Big or small cities? On city size and economic growth. Growth and Change 49, (1):4–32.10.1111/grow.12232
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gans P (2017) Urban population development in Germany (2000‒2014): The contribution of migration by age and citizenship to reurbanisation. Comparative Population Studies 42:319–352.10.12765/CPoS-2018-01
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Goujon A, Jacobs-Crisioni C, Natale F, Lavalle C (2021) The demographic landscape of EU territories: challenges and opportunities in diversely ageing regions. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gurrutxaga M (2021) A life-stage approach for decomposing spatiotemporal population changes along an urban-rural gradient: Implication for regional planning. Geographical Review. in press.10.1080/00167428.2021.1906669
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Haase A, Kabisch S, Steinführer A, Bouzarovski S, Hall R, Ogden P (2010) Emergent spaces of reurbanisation: Exploring the demographic dimension of inner-city residential change in a European setting. Population, Space and Place 16, (5): 443–463.10.1002/psp.603
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hamdouch A, Demazière C, Banovac K (2017) The socioeconomic profiles of small and medium-sized towns: Insights from European case studies. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 108, (4):456–471.10.1111/tesg.12254
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hesse M, Siedentop S (2018) Suburbanisation and suburbanisms – Making sense of continental European developments. Raumforschung und Raumordnung/Spatial Research and Planning 76, (2):97–108.10.1007/s13147-018-0526-3
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Humer A, Cardoso R, Meijers E (2021) Breaking with the spatialcycle model: the shift towards ‘syncurbanization’ in polycentric urban regions. Regional Studies. in press.10.1080/00343404.2021.1969008
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kabisch N, Haase D (2011) Diversifying European agglomerations: Evidence of urban population trends for the 21st century. Population, Space and Place 17, (3):236–253.10.1002/psp.600
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Keil R (2018) Suburban planet: Making the world urban from the outside in. Polity Press„ Cambridge.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Klusáček P, Martinát S, Matznetter W, Wisbauer A (2009) Urban development in selected Czech and Austrian city regions. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis – Geographica 40, (2): 27–57.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Knox P, Mayer H (2013) Small town sustainability. Economic, social, and environmental innovation. Birkhauser„ Basel.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kresl P, Ietri D (2016) Smaller cities in a world of competitiveness. Routledge„ London & New York.10.4324/9781315727387
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kroll F, Kabisch N (2012) The relation of diverging urban growth processes and demographic change along an urban-rural gradient. Population, Space and Place 18, (3):260–276.10.1002/psp.653
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kulu H, Boyle P, Anderson G (2009) High suburban fertility: Evidence from four Northern European countries. Demographic Research 21:915–944.10.4054/DemRes.2009.21.31
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kunzmann K (2010) Medium-sized towns, strategic planning and creative governance. In: Cerreta M, Concilio G, Monno V, (eds.) Making strategies in spatial planning: Knowledge and values. Springer„ Dordrecht, pp. 27–45.10.1007/978-90-481-3106-8_2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kurek S, Wójtowicz M, Gałka J (2017) Does suburbanisation contribute to the rejuvenation of a metropolitan area? Changes in the age structure of the Kraków metropolitan area in Poland in the light of recent suburbanisation. Geographia Polonica 90, (2):59–70.10.7163/GPol.0085
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lagarias A, Sayas J (2018) Urban sprawl in the Mediterranean: Evidence from coastal medium-sized cities. Regional Science Inquiry 10, (3):15–32.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lemmi E (2012) Dinamiche e processi nella “geografia delle città” in Italia. Quadro storico di fine millennio (Dynamics and processes in the ‘geography of cities’ in Italy. Historical framework at the end of the millennium). Franco Angeli, Milan.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Liu Z, Liu S, Qi W, Jin H (2018) Urban sprawl among Chinese cities of different population sizes. Habitat International 79: 89–98.10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.08.001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Llop J, Iglesias B, Vargas R, Blanc F (2019) Las ciudades intermedias: concepto y dimensiones. Ciudades 22:23–43.10.24197/ciudades.22.2019.23-43
]Search in Google Scholar
[
López G, González González M (2019) Diffuse urbanisation and irregular urban growth: Processes and trends in medium-sized cities in the Castilla y León region (Spain). Finisterra 54, (112):3–26.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Malý J (2016) Small towns in the context of “borrowed size” and “agglomeration shadow” debates: The case of the South Moravian region (Czech Republic). European Countryside 8, (4): 333–350.10.1515/euco-2016-0024
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mayfield L, Courtney P, Tranter R, Jones P (2005) The role of small and medium-sized towns in rural development. Final Report. Centre for Agricultural Strategy, Reading.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Meijers E, Burger M (2017) Stretching the concept of “borrowed size”. Urban Studies 54, (1):269–291.10.1177/0042098015597642
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Meijers E, Burger M, Hoogerbrugge M (2016) Borrowing size in networks of cities: City size, network connectivity and metropolitan functions in Europe. Papers in Regional Science 95, (1):181–198.10.1111/pirs.12181
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Meili R, Mayer H (2017) Small and medium-sized towns in Switzerland: Economic heterogeneity, socioeconomic performance and linkages. Erdkunde 71, (4):313–332.10.3112/erdkunde.2017.04.04
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Moos M, Filion P, Quick M, Walter-Joseph R (2019) Youthification across the metropolitan system: Intra-urban residential geographies of young adults in North American metropolitan areas. Cities 93:224–237.10.1016/j.cities.2019.05.017
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Morelli V, Rontos K, Salvati L (2014) Between suburbanisation and re-urbanisation: Revisiting the urban life cycle in a Mediterranean compact city. Urban Research & Practice 7, (1):74–88.10.1080/17535069.2014.885744
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nadou F (2010) La notion de “villes intermédiaires”, une approche différenciée du rôle des villes moyennes: entre structuration territoriale et spécificités socio-économiques. Available at: <halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00596204>.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nyström J (1992) The cyclical urbanization model. A critical analysis. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 74, (2):133–144.10.1080/04353684.1992.11879637
]Search in Google Scholar
[
OECD (2018) Rethinking urban sprawl: Moving towards sustainable cities. OECD, Paris.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Olivier R, Thomas V (2014) Micropolitan areas: Exploring the linkages between demography and land-cover change in the United States cities. Cities 38:84–94.10.1016/j.cities.2014.01.002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ouředníček M (2007) Differential suburban development in the Prague urban region. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 89, (2):111–126.10.1111/j.1468-0467.2007.00243.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Phelps N, (ed.) (2017) Old Europe, new suburbanization? Governance, land, and infrastructure in european suburbanization. University of Toronto Press„ Toronto.10.3138/9781442616479
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Phelps N, Fallon R, Williams C (2001) Small firms, borrowed size and the urban-rural shift. Regional Studies 35, (7):613–624.10.1080/00343400120075885
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Plane D, Henrie C, Perry M (2005) Migration up and down the urban hierarchy and across the life course. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102, (43):15313–15318.10.1073/pnas.0507312102126612416230633
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Razin E, Dijst M, Vázquez C, (eds.) (2007) Employment deconcentration in European metropolitan areas. Market forces versus planning regulations. Springer„ Dordrecht.10.1007/978-1-4020-5762-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Roberts B (2014) Managing systems of secondary cities. Policy responses in international development. Cities Alliance/UNOPS„ Brussels.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rodríguez-Pose A, Griffiths J (2021) Developing intermediate cities. Regional Science Policy & Practice 13, (3):441–456.10.1111/rsp3.12421
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Runge A (2016) Urban agglomerations and transformations of medium-sized towns in Poland. Environmental & Socioeconomic Studies 4, (3):41–55.10.1515/environ-2016-0017
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rérat P (2012) The new demographic growth of cities: The case of reurbanisation in Switzerland. Urban Studies 49, (5): 1107–1125.10.1177/0042098011408935
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rérat P (2019) The return of cities: The trajectory of Swiss cities from demographic loss to reurbanization. European Planning Studies 27, (2):355–376.10.1080/09654313.2018.1546832
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Salvati L, Carlucci M (2016) Patterns of sprawl: The socioeconomic and territorial profile of dispersed urban areas in Italy. Regional Studies 50, (8):1346–1359.10.1080/00343404.2015.1009435
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Servillo L, Atkinson R, Hamdouch A (2017) Small and mediumsized towns in Europe: Conceptual, methodological and policy issues. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 108, (4):365–379.10.1111/tesg.12252
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Siedentop S, Fina S (2012) Who sprawls most? Exploring the patterns of urban growth across 26 European countries. Environment and Planning A 44, (11):2765–2784.10.1068/a4580
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Siedentop S, Zakrzewski P, Stroms P (2018) A childless urban renaissance? Age-selective patterns of population change in North American and German Metropolitan areas. Regional Studies, Regional Science 5, (1):1–20.10.1080/21681376.2017.1412270
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sohn J (2012) Does city location determine urban population growth? The case of small and medium cities in Korea. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 103, (3): 276–292.10.1111/j.1467-9663.2011.00685.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sýkora L, Mulíček O (2017) Territorial arrangements of small and medium-sized towns from a functional-spatial perspective. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 108, (4): 438–455.10.1111/tesg.12249
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Teller J (2021) Regulating urban densification: What factors should be used? Buildings and Cities 2, (1):302–317.10.5334/bc.123
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Turri E (2000) La megalopoli padana (The Po Valley megalopolis). Marsilio, Venice.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UCLG (2017) Co-creating the urban future. The agenda on metropolises, cities and territories. UCLG, Barcelona.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UN (2019) World population prospects 2019. Available at: https://population.un.org/wpp/.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UN Habitat (2015) Cuenca Declaration for Habitat III – Intermediate cities: urban growth and renewal. Available at: https://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/Declaration-Cuenca.pdf.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vaishar A, Zapletalová J (2009) Small towns as centers of rural micro-regions. European Countryside 1, (2):70–81.10.2478/v10091-009-0006-4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Van der Berg L, Drewett R, Klaassen L, Rossi A, Vijverberg C (1982) Urban Europe: A study of growth and decline volume 1. Pergamon, Oxford.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wagner M, Growe A (2021) Research on small and medium-sized towns: Framing a new field of inquiry. World 2:105–126.10.3390/world2010008
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wolff M (2018) Understanding the role of centralization processes for cities. Evidence from a spatial perspective of urban Europe 1990‒2010. Cities 75:20–29.10.1016/j.cities.2017.01.009
]Search in Google Scholar