<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Objective</h3>
<p>To compare the effects of a pain management program and routine suctioning methods on the level of pain presence and agitation in Chinese adults admitted to the intensive care unit. To disseminate the results from the implementation of the evidence-informed pain management interventions for reducing pain presence and agitation during endotracheal tube suctioning (ETS) and translate the key finding to clinical nursing practice.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Methods</h3>
<p>A quasi-experimental study of a two-group post-test design was conducted in adults admitted after surgery to a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China in 2018. Fifty-two adults who met the study eligibility were included after consent, 26 in each group. Patients in the control group received usual care while patients in the intervention group received interventions to reduce agitation and pain-related ETS. The impacts of the intervention on the level of pain presence and agitation were measured at 5 measuring time points using the Chinese versions of Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS).</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3>
<p>The level of pain presence in the intervention group statistically significantly decreased during, immediately after, and 5 min after suctioning. The level of agitation in the intervention group significantly decreased during and immediately after suctioning.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>The findings provide support for the positive pain-relieving effects of the evidence-informed pain-related ETS management interventions when compared with the usual ETS practice. The study interventions were sufficiently effective and safe to maintain patent airway clean and patent as standardized suctioning and helps pain relief. So, evidence-based pain-related ETS management intervention is worthy of recommending to utilize in SICU patients as well as other patients who required suctioning. It is worth noting that integrating pre-emptive analgesia prescription and administration with non-pharmacological intervention plays a critical role in achieving pain relief.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Objective
To compare the effects of a pain management program and routine suctioning methods on the level of pain presence and agitation in Chinese adults admitted to the intensive care unit. To disseminate the results from the implementation of the evidence-informed pain management interventions for reducing pain presence and agitation during endotracheal tube suctioning (ETS) and translate the key finding to clinical nursing practice.

Methods
A quasi-experimental study of a two-group post-test design was conducted in adults admitted after surgery to a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China in 2018. Fifty-two adults who met the study eligibility were included after consent, 26 in each group. Patients in the control group received usual care while patients in the intervention group received interventions to reduce agitation and pain-related ETS. The impacts of the intervention on the level of pain presence and agitation were measured at 5 measuring time points using the Chinese versions of Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS).

Results
The level of pain presence in the intervention group statistically significantly decreased during, immediately after, and 5 min after suctioning. The level of agitation in the intervention group significantly decreased during and immediately after suctioning.

Conclusions
The findings provide support for the positive pain-relieving effects of the evidence-informed pain-related ETS management interventions when compared with the usual ETS practice. The study interventions were sufficiently effective and safe to maintain patent airway clean and patent as standardized suctioning and helps pain relief. So, evidence-based pain-related ETS management intervention is worthy of recommending to utilize in SICU patients as well as other patients who required suctioning. It is worth noting that integrating pre-emptive analgesia prescription and administration with non-pharmacological intervention plays a critical role in achieving pain relief.

Inter-Professional-Compassionate pain management during endotracheal suctioning: a valuable lesson from a Chinese surgical intensive care unit

The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University

Frontiers of Nursing

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Objective
To compare the effects of a pain management program and routine suctioning methods on the level of pain presence and agitation in Chinese adults...

RASS scores	n	Median (0+4)	IQR	Mean Rank	Min–Max	Mann–Whitney U Test

						z	P
Before ETS						0.00	1.000
Intervention group	26	0	–	26.50	0
Usual care group	26	0	–	26.50	0
During ETS						–3.05	0.002
Intervention group	26	1	1	22.50	0–1
Usual care group	26	1	–	30.50	1
Immediately after ETS						–3.91	0.000
Intervention group	26	0	–	20.50	0
Usual care group	26	0	1	32.50	0–1
5 min after ETS						0.00	1.000
Intervention group	26	0	–	26.50	0
Usual care group	26	0	–	26.50	0
15 min after ETS						0.00	1.000
Intervention group	26	0	–	26.50	0
Usual care group	26	0	–	26.50	0

CPOT scores	n	Median (0–8)	IQR	Mean Rank	Min–Max	Mann–Whitney U Test

						z	P
Before ETS						0.00	1.000
Intervention group	26	0	–	26.50	0
Usual care group	26	0	–	26.50	0
During ETS						−5.97	0.000
Intervention group	26	2	1	14.31	1–3
Usual care group	26	4	1	38.69	3–6
Immediately after ETS						−5.94	0.000
Intervention group	26	0	0	14.98	0–1
Usual care group	26	1	1	38.02	0–3
5 min after ETS						−2.06	0.039
Intervention group	26	0	–	24.50	0
Usual care group	26	0	0	28.50	0–2
15 min after ETS						0.00	1.000
Intervention group	26	0	–	26.50	0
Usual care group	26	0	0	26.50	0

Inter-Professional-Compassionate pain management during endotracheal suctioning: a valuable lesson from a Chinese surgical intensive care unit

Article Category: Original article

Publié en ligne: 13 avr. 2022

Pages: 19 - 27

Reçu: 13 févr. 2021

Accepté: 21 avr. 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2022-0003

Mots clés
agitation, China, endotracheal tube suctioning, intensive care unit, pain management, pain presence

© 2022 Qian-Wen Ruan et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Level of Agitation (RASS Scores) of the Study Participants in the Control and Intervention Groups (N = 52).

Level of Pain Presence (CPOT Scores) of the Study Participants in the Control and Intervention Groups (N = 52).

Inter-Professional-Compassionate pain management during endotracheal suctioning: a valuable lesson from a Chinese surgical intensive care unit

Article Category: Original article

Publié en ligne: 13 avr. 2022

Pages: 19 - 27

Reçu: 13 févr. 2021

Accepté: 21 avr. 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2022-0003

Mots clésagitation, China, endotracheal tube suctioning, intensive care unit, pain management, pain presence

© 2022 Qian-Wen Ruan et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Level of Agitation (RASS Scores) of the Study Participants in the Control and Intervention Groups (N = 52).

Level of Pain Presence (CPOT Scores) of the Study Participants in the Control and Intervention Groups (N = 52).

Mots clés
agitation, China, endotracheal tube suctioning, intensive care unit, pain management, pain presence