Prevalence of osteoarthritis and association between smoking patterns and osteoarthritis in China: a cross-sectional study
et | 14 août 2018
À propos de cet article
Article Category: Original Article
Publié en ligne: 14 août 2018
Pages: 111 - 118
Reçu: 14 nov. 2017
Accepté: 12 janv. 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2018-0015
Mots clés
© 2018 Qian-Qian He, Jun-Feng Zhang, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Characteristics of Chinese adults aged 50 years or older by smoking status (n=2638).
| Variables Continuous variables are presented as | Smoking status, | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsmoker | Active smoker | Passive smoker | Active and passive smoker | |||
| Age (years) | 62.8±8.7 | 61.2±8.2 | 60.6±8.7 | 60.7±8.6 | 12.3 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3±3.3 | 22.9±2.7 | 24.1±3.5 | 23.2±2.8 | 22.3 | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 81.8±8.6 | 80.6±8.3 | 80.5±8.2 | 81.6±7.9 | 4.5 | 0.0038 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 90.5±7.8 | 88.5±7.8 | 89.2±7.8 | 89.9±7.2 | 6.0 | 0.0005 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 449 (33.8) | 163 (12.3) | 118 (8.9) | 597 (45.0) | 1064.2 | <0.0001 |
| Female | 537 (41.0) | 30 (2.3) | 721 (55.0) | 23 (1.7) | ||
| Education background | ||||||
| Illiteracy | 214 (40.4) | 30 (5.6) | 215 (40.6) | 71 (13.4) | 113.2 | <0.0001 |
| Elementary school graduation | 335 (36.9) | 66 (7.2) | 329 (36.2) | 179 (19.7) | ||
| Middle school graduation | 316 (36.8) | 72 (8.4) | 207 (24.1) | 263 (30.7) | ||
| High school graduation | 80 (34.9) | 21 (9.2) | 47 (20.5) | 81 (35.4) | ||
| College graduation or more | 9 (25.7) | 4 (11.4) | 14 (40.0) | 8 (22.9) | ||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Worker | 38 (33.0) | 16 (13.9) | 21 (18.3) | 40 (34.8) | 57.5 | <0.0001 |
| Skilled agriculture or fishery | 767 (37.4) | 134 (6.5) | 704 (34.3) | 448 (21.8) | ||
| Office job | 20 (33.3) | 9 (15.0) | 10 (16.7) | 21 (35.0) | ||
| Unemployment | 61 (35.5) | 10 (11.1) | 34 (19.7) | 58 (33.7) | ||
| Ventilation Good refers to monthly ventilation times greater than 20 days; General refers to monthly ventilation times greater than 10 days; Poor refers to monthly ventilation less than 10 days. | ||||||
| Good | 441 (31.6) | 125 (9.0) | 482 (34.5) | 347 (24.9) | 58.1 | <0.0001 |
| General | 511 (45.3) | 59 (5.2) | 314 (27.9) | 244 (21.6) | ||
| Poor | 34 (29.6) | 9 (7.8) | 43 (37.4) | 29 (25.2) | ||
| Forms of heating | ||||||
| Heated platform | 315 (28.7) | 121 (11.0) | 369 (33.6) | 292 (26.6) | 87.9 | <0.0001 |
| Stove | 445 (42.4) | 51 (4.8) | 336 (32.0) | 218 (20.8) | ||
| Central heating | 137 (49.3) | 12 (4.3) | 78 (28.1) | 51 (18.3) | ||
| Air conditioning | 19 (27.9) | 5 (7.4) | 23 (33.8) | 21 (30.9) | ||
| Dietary habits General refers to a light diet; Special refers to one or more of diets that are salty, sweet, acidic, or pungent. | ||||||
| General | 737 (36.2) | 155 (7.6) | 653 (32.0) | 493 (24.2) | 6.5 | 0.0890 |
| Special | 249 (41.5) | 38 (6.3) | 186 (31.0) | 127 (21.2) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Less than 4 times a month | 885 (40.5) | 808 (36.9) | 379 (17.3) | 115 (5.3) | 763.7 | <0.0001 |
| 5 times a month or more | 96 (22.3) | 78 (18.2) | 20 (4.7) | 235 (54.8) | ||
Associations between smoking status and OA in Chinese adults aged 50 years or older.
| Factors 1: nonsmokers; 2: active smokers, namely selfsmokers; 3: passive smokers; 4: active and passive smokers. | Fully adjusted Adjusted for age, BMI, waistline, hipline, sex, education, occupation, home ventilation, heating, and alcohol consumption. OA=osteoarthritis; OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; BMI = body mass index. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | |||
| All | ||||
| 1 | 986 (401) | 1 | ||
| 2 | 193 (77) | 1.091 | 0.757–1.575 | 0.693 |
| 3 | 839 (386) | 1.240 | 0.988–1.556 | 0.063 |
| 4 | 620 (268) | 1.374 | 1.049–1.802 | 0.021 |
| Men | ||||
| 1 | 449 (170) | 1 | ||
| 2 | 163 (62) | 1.036 | 0.679–1.581 | 0.870 |
| 3 | 597 (253) | 1.304 | 0.963–1.767 | 0.087 |
| 4 | 118 (46) | 1.174 | 0.720–1.913 | 0.520 |
| Women | ||||
| 1 | 537 (231) | 1 | ||
| 2 | 30 (15) | 1.014 | 0.439–2.344 | 0.973 |
| 3 | 721 (340) | 1.304 | 0.999–1.701 | 0.051 |
| 4 | 23 (15) | 1.857 | 0.672–5.136 | 0.233 |
| All | ||||
| 1 | 986 (264) | 1 | ||
| 2 | 193 (46) | 1.067 | 0.695–1.636 | 0.767 |
| 3 | 839 (252) | 1.215 | 0.946–1.560 | 0.127 |
| 4 | 620 (164) | 1.440 | 1.059–1.958 | 0.020 |
| Men | ||||
| 1 | 449 (103) | 1 | ||
| 2 | 163 (38) | 1.003 | 0.610–1.649 | 0.992 |
| 3 | 118 (25) | 1.034 | 0.589–1.816 | 0.907 |
| 4 | 597 (154) | 1.314 | 0.927–1.863 | 0.125 |
| Women | ||||
| 1 | 537 (161) | 1 | ||
| 2 | 30 (8) | 0.997 | 0.384–2.591 | 0.995 |
| 3 | 721 (227) | 1.266 | 0.948–1.691 | 0.110 |
| 4 | 23 (10) | 1.772 | 0.673–4.669 | 0.247 |