Genetic diversity and structure analysis of Croatian garlic collection assessed by SSR markers

Figure 1

Figure S1

AMOVA’s pairwise φST values among groups of garlic accessions_

Group of accessions	Region	P1	P2	P3	P4
P1	Continental Croatia		*	ns	ns
P2	Istria	0.103		***	**
P3	Dalmatia	0.049	0.189		ns
P4	Foreign accessions	−0.006	0.115	0.048

Number of SSR electropherogram peaks per marker per number of accessions observed in the set of 80 accessions_

Locus	Number of peaks
	1	2	3	4	5
AS2655	33	38	7	0	2
AS449	27	51	1	1	0
AS5944	13	62	4	1	0
AS623	37	43	0	0	0
AS6389	12	68	0	0	0
AS739	1	78	0	1	0
AS96	0	78	1	0	0
Asa14	4	44	23	2	0
GB-ASM-040	12	64	3	1	0
GB-ASM-053	4	26	49	1	0
GB-ASM-059	8	68	3	1	0
GB-ASM-072	36	27	14	0	0
GB-ASM-080	52	28	0	0	0

Allelic diversity of 13 microsatellite loci scored in 80 garlic accessions_

No.	Locus	Repeat motif	Size range	Na
1	Asa14	(GT)7	221–243	5
2	GB-ASM-040	(AC)6, (AC)14-(AT)5	253–283	6
3	GB-ASM-053	(CA)15, (AC)8	156–214	8
4	GB-ASM-059	(TG)11, (TG)5	264–295	5
5	GB-ASM-072	(TA)7-(TG)5GC(GT)9T(TG)8	161–273	6
6	GB-ASM-080	(CCG)5	142–155	4
7	AS739	(AGC)10	196–212	6
8	AS623	(GCT)6	289–292	2
9	AS2655	(AGAAA)5	239–262	6
10	AS96	(AACGGC)4	123–141	5
11	AS449	(AGATGG)5	195–221	6
12	AS6389	(AGCCTG)5	100–235	5
13	AS5944	(AC)28	159–231	7
	Average			5.46

List of accessions_

Accession no.	IPTPO accession ID	Universal accession ID	Landrace	Origin of accession	Region	State	MLG	UPGMA	Structure K3	BAPS K5
P1S01	IJK18NB	–	–	Vojnić	P1	Croatia	G01	B	B	B
P1S02	AFZ014NB	–	Unski	Unčani	P1	Croatia	G06	A	A	A
P1S03	AFZ013NB	–	Kerestinečki	Kerestinec	P1	Croatia	U01	C	C	C
P1S04	AFZ015B	–	Bjelovarski	Bjelovar	P1	Croatia	U02	A	A	A
P1S05	AGRE8NB	–	–	Sesvetski Kraljevec	P1	Croatia	U03	B	B	B
P1S06	AGRE9NB	–	–	Cerje Lekeničko	P1	Croatia	U04	A	A	A
P1S07	AFZ011NB	–	–	Bjelovar	P1	Croatia	U05	C	C	C
P1S08	IPT246NB	–	VGUK1,2-710	Križevci	P1	Croatia	U06	A	A	A
P1S09	IPT249NB	VEG00093	VGUK Šokac	Cerić	P1	Croatia	G02	A	A	A
P1S10	IPT250NB	–	VGUK675	Bakovčice	P1	Croatia	G02	A	A	A
P1S11	IPT251NB	–	VGUK Đakovački	Đakovo	P1	Croatia	G02	A	A	A
P1S12	IPT252NB	–	VGUK Sremski	Srijem	P1	Croatia	U07	B	BM	B
P1S13	IPT272B	–	Bilogorski	Donji Mosti	P1	Croatia	U08	C	C	C
P1S14	IPT273NB	–	Mraclinski	Mraclin	P1	Croatia	U09	B	B	B
P1S15	IPT274NB	–	Kerestinečki	Kerestinec	P1	Croatia	G07	C	C	C
P1S16	IPT275NB	–	Unski	Unčani	P1	Croatia	G07	C	C	C
P2S17	IJK7NB	–	Tinjanski	Tinjan	P2	Croatia	G08	A	A	A
P2S18	IPTO10B	VEG00095	Domaći ozimi crveni	Pazin	P2	Croatia	U10	D	C	D
P2S19	IPTO11B	VEG00096	Domaći ozimi	Kaštelir	P2	Croatia	G03	A	A	A
P2S20	IPTO12B	VEG00097	Domaći ozimi with stalk	Kaštelir	P2	Croatia	G03	A	A	A
P2S21	IPTO13B	VEG00098	Istarski crveni	Lindar	P2	Croatia	G03	A	A	A
P2S22	IPTO14NB	VEG00094	Domaći jari	Tinjan	P2	Croatia	U11	A	A	A
P2S23	IPTO15NB	VEG00099	Istarski bijeli	Pazin	P2	Croatia	U12	A	A	A
P2S24	IPTO16B	VEG00100	Istarski domaći	Ograde	P2	Croatia	U13	A	A	A
P2S25	IPTO17NB	VEG00101	Istarski bijeli	Ograde	P2	Croatia	U14	A	A	A
P2S26	IPTO19B	VEG00102	Brgujski	Brgud (Opatija)	P2	Croatia	U15	D	C	D
P2S27	IPTO20B	VEG00103	Brsečki	Brseč	P2	Croatia	U16	A	A	A
P2S28	IPT224NB	VEG00104	–	Ližnjan	P2	Croatia	U17	A	AM	A
P2S29	IPT338NB	–	Istarski bijeli	Lindar	P2	Croatia	U18	A	A	A
P2S30	IPT339B	–	Music	Lindar	P2	Croatia	U19	X	CM	D
P2S31	IPT341B	–	Istarski crveni	Pićan	P2	Croatia	U20	A	A	A
P2S32	IPT342NB	–	Mješavina	Tinjan	P2	Croatia	G04	A	A	A
P2S33	IPT343B	–	Istarski crveni	Gračišće	P2	Croatia	G04	A	A	A
P2S34	IPT344NB	–	Istarski bijeli	Gračišće	P2	Croatia	G04	A	A	A
P2S35	IPT345NB	–	Istarski crveni	Beram	P2	Croatia	U21	A	A	A
P2S36	IPT347B	–	Istarski crveni (with stalk)	Oprtalj	P2	Croatia	U22	A	A	A
P2S37	IPT348NB	–	Istarski crveni (without stalk)	Oprtalj	P2	Croatia	U23	D	C	D
P2S38	IPT349B	–	Istarski crveni (with stalk)	Oprtalj	P2	Croatia	U24	A	A	A
P3S39	IJK3NB	VEG00223	–	Zmijavci	P3	Croatia	U25	A	A	A
P3S40	IJK4NB	VEG00224	–	Rastok (Vrgorac)	P3	Croatia	G09	B	B	B
P3S41	IJK8NB	VEG00225	–	Kurtovići	P3	Croatia	U26	A	A	A
P3S42	IJK9NB	VEG00227	–	Obrovac Sinjski	P3	Croatia	G05	A	A	A
P3S43	IJK10NB	VEG00226	–	Stija	P3	Croatia	U27	A	A	A
P3S44	IJK13NB	VEG00229	–	Primorski dolac	P3	Croatia	G08	A	A	A
P3S45	IJK14B	VEG00230	–	Trnbusi 1	P3	Croatia	G05	A	A	A
P3S46	IJK17NB	VEG00231	–	Opuzen (Raba)	P3	Croatia	U28	B	B	B
P3S47	IJK19NB	VEG00232	–	Metković	P3	Croatia	G01	B	B	B
P3S48	IJK20NB	VEG00236	–	Trnbusi 2	P3	Croatia	G01	B	B	B
P3S49	IJK22B	VEG00234	–	Rama (Vinjani g.)	P3	Croatia	G05	A	A	A
P3S50	IJK23NB	VEG00235	–	Kijevo	P3	Croatia	U29	A	A	A
P3S51	IJK24NB	VEG00236	–	Golubić 2	P3	Croatia	U30	C	C	C
P3S52	IJK25NB	VEG00237	–	Golubić 1	P3	Croatia	G01	B	B	B
P3S53	IJK26NB	VEG00130	Ljubitovački šarac	Ljubitovica	P3	Croatia	U31	A	AM	AM
P3S54	IJK27B	VEG00238	–	Unešić Plameni	P3	Croatia	U32	D	CM	D
P3S55	IJK28B	–	–	Unešić Jaki	P3	Croatia	U33	B	B	B
P3S56	AFZ024NB	–	Bruški 1	Bruška	P3	Croatia	U34	B	B	B
P3S57	AFZ025NB	–	Lisičićki 1	Lisičić	P3	Croatia	G01	B	B	B
P3S58	AFZ026NB	–	Rodaljički	Rodaljice	P3	Croatia	U35	B	B	B
P3S59	VEG00010NB	VEG00010	Brgudski ozimi syn. Benkovački	Brgud	P3	Croatia	G01	B	B	B
P3S60	IPT268NB	–	Cabrunski	Cabrun	P3	Croatia	U36	B	B	B
P3S61	IPT269NB	–	Bruški	Brusje	P3	Croatia	U37	B	B	B
P3S62	IPT270NB	–	Lisički	Lisje	P3	Croatia	G10	B	B	B
P3S63	IPT271NB		Rodaljički	Rodaljice	P3	Croatia	G10	B	B	B
P3S64	IPT276NB	–	Brgudski ozimi syn. Benkovački 1	Brgud	P3	Croatia	U38	B	BM	B
P4S65	B_2	0033*	Chinês real	China	P4	Brazil	U39	E	CM	E
P4S66	B_5	0077*	Peruano	Peru	P4	Brazil	U40	A	AM	AM
P4S67	B_9	0089*	Ugarte	Brazil	P4	Brazil	U41	E	CM	E
P4S68	IPT177B	VEG00118/W610735**	B92-22	Bulgaria	P4	Bulgaria	U42	B	B	B
P4S69	IPT182B	VEG00124/PI493116**	174	Czech Republic	U43	Czech Republic	U43	D	C	D
P4S70	IJK2NB		–	Pinčić (Skadar)	P4	Montenegro	G09	B	B	B
P4S71	IPT181B	VEG00123/PI497945)**	–	Poland	P4	Poland	U44	C	C	C
P4S72	IPT185B	VEG00126/PI540351**	0525-85-76	Poland	P4	Poland	U45	C	C	C
P4S73	IPT179NB	VEG00128/PI383817**	Domasen	Serbia	P4	Serbia	U46	A	A	A
P4S74	IPT189NB	VEG00129	–	Subotica	P4	Serbia	U47	B	B	B
P4S75	AGRE11NB		–	Semenarna Ljubljana	P4	Slovenia	G06	A	A	A
P4S76	IPT186NB	VEG00119/PI615422**	Blanco de Huelma Zamora I	Spain	P4	Spain	U48	B	B	B
P4S77	IPT188NB	VEG00122/PI3497951**	Kisswani	Syria	P4	Syria	U49	X	CM	DM
P4S78	IPT180NB	VEG00125/PI3515971**	Chet’s	USA	P4	USA	G01	B	B	B
P4S79	IPT187B	VEG00120/W612832**	870825	USA	P4	USA	U50	A	AM	A
P4S80	IPT178B	VEG00127/PI576914**	UO86	Uzbekistan	P4	Uzbekistan	U51	D	C	D

Molecular diversity of 80 garlic accessions_

No	Origin	n	Ng	Ngr	Npr	Npar	% P	I
1	Croatia	64	48	–	45	–	84.51	0.508
1.1	Continental Croatia	16	13	13.00	11	11.00	64.79	0.493
1.2	Istria	22	18	13.61	17	12.88	67.61	0.412
1.3	Dalmatia	26	19	12.66	16	10.43	70.42	0.420
2	Foreign	16	16	16.00	13	13.00	94.37	0.626
	Total	80	61

AMOVA for the partition of the total molecular diversity between and within Croatian and foreign garlic accessions (A), among and within three Croatian regions (B) and among and within three Croatian regions including foreign accessions as a fourth group_

Analysis	Source of variation	df	Variance components	% total variation	φ-statistics	P(φ)
(A)	Among groups	1	0.244	2.75	0.027	0.099
	Within groups	62	8.639	97.25
(B)	Among groups	2	1.023	12.29	0.123	<0.0001
	Within groups	47	7.304	87.71
(C)	Among groups	3	0.790	8.89	0.089	<0.0001
	Within groups	62	8.090	91.11