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Silicon dioxide-nanoparticle nutrition mitigates salinity in gerbera by modulating ion accumulation and antioxidants

Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh
Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh
, 
Mahsa Asadi
Mahsa Asadi
, 
Seyed Morteza Zahedi
Seyed Morteza Zahedi
, 
Nikoo Hamzehpour
Nikoo Hamzehpour
, 
Farzad Rasouli
Farzad Rasouli
, 
Murat Helvacı
Murat Helvacı
 et 
Turgut Alas
Turgut Alas
   | 26 juin 2021
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Article Category: Original Article
Publié en ligne: 26 juin 2021
Pages: 91 - 105
Reçu: 15 janv. 2021
Accepté: 27 févr. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0007
Mots clés
© 2021 Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Gerbera cv. ‘Teera Kalina’ under different salinity levels [S0 = 0 mM (control), S1 = 5 mM, S2 = 10 mM, S3 = 20 mM and S4 = 30 mM] sprayed with 25 mg · L−1 SiO2-NPs.
Gerbera cv. ‘Teera Kalina’ under different salinity levels [S0 = 0 mM (control), S1 = 5 mM, S2 = 10 mM, S3 = 20 mM and S4 = 30 mM] sprayed with 25 mg · L−1 SiO2-NPs.

Figure 2

TEM (A) and SEM (B) images of SiO2-NPs.
TEM (A) and SEM (B) images of SiO2-NPs.

Figure 3

Effect of SiO2-NPs and salt stress on GPX (A), APX (B) and SOD (C) activity in gerbera cv. ‘Teera Kalina’ leaves. APX, ascorbate peroxidase; GPX, guaiacol peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.
Effect of SiO2-NPs and salt stress on GPX (A), APX (B) and SOD (C) activity in gerbera cv. ‘Teera Kalina’ leaves. APX, ascorbate peroxidase; GPX, guaiacol peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Figure 4

Effect of SiO2-NPs and salt stress on MDA (A) and H2O2 (B) in gerbera cv. ‘Teera Kalina’ leaves. H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; MDA, malondialdehyde.
Effect of SiO2-NPs and salt stress on MDA (A) and H2O2 (B) in gerbera cv. ‘Teera Kalina’ leaves. H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; MDA, malondialdehyde.

Figure 5

Pearson correlation analysis of SiO2-NPs treatment and variable trait relationship in gerbera plants grown under non-saline and different saline conditions. Heatmap of Pearson correlation coefficient (r) values of variable traits, where the coloured scale indicates the positive (blue) or negative (red) correlation and the ‘r’ coefficient values (r = −1.0 to 1.0). The tested variables included are APX, ascorbate peroxidase; Ca2+, calcium; EL, electrolyte leakage; Flower D., flower diameter; Flower No., flower number; GPX, guaiacol peroxidase; H2O2, hydrogen peroxidase; LA, leaf area; Leaf No., leaf number; MDA, malondialdehyde; MSI, membrane stability index; Plant DW, plant dry weight; Plant FW, plant fresh weight; K+, potassium; Pro, proline; Pro, protein; RWC, relative water content; Na+, sodium; Stem D., stem diameter; Stem L., stem length; SOD, superoxide dismutase.
Pearson correlation analysis of SiO2-NPs treatment and variable trait relationship in gerbera plants grown under non-saline and different saline conditions. Heatmap of Pearson correlation coefficient (r) values of variable traits, where the coloured scale indicates the positive (blue) or negative (red) correlation and the ‘r’ coefficient values (r = −1.0 to 1.0). The tested variables included are APX, ascorbate peroxidase; Ca2+, calcium; EL, electrolyte leakage; Flower D., flower diameter; Flower No., flower number; GPX, guaiacol peroxidase; H2O2, hydrogen peroxidase; LA, leaf area; Leaf No., leaf number; MDA, malondialdehyde; MSI, membrane stability index; Plant DW, plant dry weight; Plant FW, plant fresh weight; K+, potassium; Pro, proline; Pro, protein; RWC, relative water content; Na+, sodium; Stem D., stem diameter; Stem L., stem length; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Effect of SiO2-NPs and salt stress on physiological and biochemical traits of gerbera cv. ‘Teera Kalina’.

Treatments MSI (%) EL RWC
Salinity (mM) SiO2-NPs (mg · L−1)
Control 0 93.13 ± 0.10 a 32.92 ± 0.90 fg 89.23 ± 0.23 ab
25 75.08 ± 0.95 cd 31.52 ± 0.72 g 90.16 ± 0.13 a
50 72.26 ± 0.90 cde 31.73 ± 0.44 g 89.83 ± 0.82 a
5 0 81.87 ± 0.90 b 36.41 ± 0.01 ef 86.07 ± 0.16 cd
25 77.54 ± 0.90 bc 34.07 ± 0.02 fg 87.23 ± 0.40 bc
50 70.78 ± 0.95 defg 33.98 ± 0.02 fg 85.56 ± 0.61 cd
10 0 71.46 ± 0.70 defg 39.66 ± 0.70 de 82.60 ± 0.32 ef
25 69.22 ± 0.20 efgh 35.75 ± 0.30 f 84.63 ± 0.31 de
50 71.61 ± 0.80 def 39.59 ± 0.90 de 81.73 ± 0.90 f
20 0 68.86 ± 0.35 efgh 51.44 ± 0.75 b 80.83 ± 0.37 fg
25 66.41 ± 0.30 efgh 45.70 ± 0.90 c 82.46 ± 0.75 ef
50 65.27 ± 0.90 gh 41.50 ± 0.70 d 81.03 ± 0.39 fg
30 0 65.59 ± 0.90 fgh 60.41 ± 0.40 a 67.60 ± 0.24 i
25 63.49 ± 0.70 h 46.33 ± 0.90 c 78.83 ± 0.62 g
50 63.73 ± 0.45 h 46.23 ± 0.60 c 74.24 ± 0.90 h

Composition and concentration of Macro and micro-elements used in modified Hogland solution.

Macronutrient g · L−1 Micronutrient mg · L−1
Ca(NO3)2.4H2O 0.47 H3BO3 2.86
KNO3 0.3 MnCl2 4H2O 1.81
MgSO4 7H2O 0.25 ZnSO4 7H2O 0.22
NH4H2PO4 0.06 Na2MOO4.2H2O 0.02
Iron (Fe-EDTA) 0.1 CuSO4.5H2O 0.08

SiO2-NPs properties.

SiO2-NPs
Purity 99+%
APS 20–30 nm
SSA 180–600 m2 · g−1
Colour White
Morphology Amorphous
True density 2.4 g · cm−3

Effect of SiO2-NPs and salt stress on morphological parameters of gerbera cv. ‘Teera Kalina’.

Treatments Leaf No. Flower No. Plant fresh weight (g) Plant dry weight (g)
Salinity (mM) SiO2-NPs (mg ·L−1)
Control 0 9.33 ± 0.60 ab 1.56 ± 0.20 abc 79.33 ± 0.25 a 29.33 ± 0.25 a
25 9.33 ± 0.50 ab 1.86 ± 0.03 a 79.93 ± 0.05 a 29.46 ± 0.45 a
50 9.00 ± 0.50 abc 1.73 ± 0.03 a 80.16 ± 0.60 a 24.50 ± 1.80 bc
5 0 8.83 ± 0.70 abc 1.52 ± 0.20 abc 77.73 ± 0.15 abc 3.12 ± 1.70 f
25 9.16 ± 0.90 ab 1.86 ± 0.03 a 78.90 ± 0.25 ab 25.90 ± 1.10 ab
50 8.83 ± 0.50 abc 1.70 ± 0.05 ab 77.23 ± 0.20 abcd 24.33 ± 1.30 bc
10 0 7.83 ± 0.40 abc 1.21 ± 0.10 cde 73.93 ± 0.75 bcdef 18.26 ± 2.10 de
25 9.66 ± 0.95 a 1.63 ± 0.03 ab 75.96 ± 0.60 abcde 21.16 ± 0.90 cd
50 8.16 ± 0.35 abc 1.33 ± 0.15 bcd 70.03 ± 0.90 ef 18.63 ± 0.30 de
20 0 7.16 ± 0.30 abc 0.98 ± 0.04 def 71.83 ± 0.10 def 20.83 ± 0.45 cd
25 7.66 ± 0.75 abc 1.20 ± 0.10 cde 72.80 ± 0.45 cdef 22.33 ± 0.90 bcd
50 7.50 ± 0.25 abc 1.00 ± 0.08 def 71.03 ± 0.40 ef 26.03 ± 0.40 ab
30 0 6.50 ± 0.60 c 0.70 ± 0.05 f 64.93 ± 0.90 g 15.10 ± 0.45 e
25 7.66 ± 0.15 abc 0.90 ± 0.05 ef 71.83 ± 0.90 def 16.26 ± 0.60 e
50 7.00 ± 0.60 bc 0.73 ± 0.03 f 69.10 ± 0.50 fg 16.33 ± 0.30 e

Effect of SiO2-NPs and salt stress on nutrient uptake of gerbera cv. ‘Teera Kalina’.

Treatments Ca2+ (g · 100 g−1 FW) K+ (g · 100 g−1 FW) Na+ (g · 100 g−1 FW)
Salinity (mM) SiO2-NPs (mg · L−1)
Control 0 2.38 ± 0.07 cd 1.77 ± 0.04 bc 0.89 ± 0.02 h
25 2.69 ± 0.01 b 2.33 ± 0.06 a 0.64 ± 0.04 i
50 2.94 ± 0.02 a 1.86 ± 0.01 b 0.70 ± 0.02 i
5 0 2.22 ± 0.04 de 1.69 ± 0.02 c 1.72 ± 0.03 f
25 2.42 ± 0.05 c 1.71 ± 0.02 c 1.24 ± 0.01 g
50 2.45 ± 0.05 c 1.86 ± 0.04 b 1.29 ± 0.01 g
10 0 2.11 ± 0.04 e 1.23 ± 0.04 e 2.28 ± 0.01 d
25 2.20 ± 0.04 de 1.46 ± 0.03 d 1.96 ± 0.07 e
50 2.15 ± 0.08 e 1.50 ± 0.05 d 2.49 ± 0.03 c
20 0 1.55 ± 0.04 f 1.01 ± 0.04 fg 2.63 ± 0.06 c
25 1.59 ± 0.02 f 1.28 ± 0.02 e 2.21 ± 0.03 d
50 1.72 ± 0.03 f 1.02 ± 0.03 fg 2.23 ± 0.04 d
30 0 0.91 ± 0.08 h 0.85 ± 0.01 h 3.17 ± 0.03 a
25 1.14 ± 0.06 g 1.08 ± 0.05 f 2.97 ± 0.05 b
50 1.31 ± 0.02 g 0.93 ± 0.03 gh 2.50 ± 0.08 c
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