Morphological and biochemical diversity among wild-grown carob trees ( L.)

Genotypes	SSC (%)	Acidity (%)	Vitamin C (mg ∙ 100 g⁻¹)	Protein (%)	Dietary fibres (%)
M1	67.21 ab	0.76 bc	10.1^NS	3.88 bc	7.0 b
M2	53.12 d	0.88 ab	9.3	6.50 ab	6.0 cd
M3	68.41 ab	0.60 bc	8.3	4.77 bc	7.7 a
M4	65.45 ab	0.80 bc	9.4	4.59 bc	5.8 cd
M5	59.56 c	0.68 bc	7.6	5.25 bc	5.5 de
M6	57.23 cd	0.55 bc	9.8	3.73 c	5.0 de
M7	68.23 ab	0.92 ab	7.1	5.40 ab	6.8 bc
M8	54.14 cd	0.85 b	7.5	5.04 bc	6.3 c
M9	64.11 b	1.12 a	7.6	4.94 bc	6.1 cd
M10	58.28 cd	1.02 ab	8.0	3.96 bc	5.0 de
M11	57.45 cd	1.05 ab	6.6	4.11 bc	4.9 e
M12	69.36 a	0.55 bc	10.2	6.95 a	5.3 de
M13	59.98 bc	0.45 c	9.4	4.20 bc	6.6 bc
M14	67.56 ab	0.78 bc	8.7	5.35 b	5.8 cd
M15	63.44 bc	0.83 b	7.6	4.30 bc	5.3 de
M16	65.45 ab	0.90 ab	7.5	4.22 bc	5.6 d
M17	68.22 ab	0.66 bc	8.0	6.02 ab	4.9 e
M18	66.44 ab	0.59 bc	8.4	6.18 ab	5.0 de
M19	51.56 de	0.62 bc	5.9	5.44 ab	5.3 de
M20	63.30 bc	0.75 bc	6.2	5.50 ab	7.1 ab
M21	58.12 cd	0.84 b	5.8	4.33 bc	5.4 de
M22	57.64 cd	0.90 ab	5.9	5.10 bc	5.7 cd
M23	49.36 e	1.00 ab	7.1	4.60 bc	7.0 b
M24	62.55 bc	1.05 ab	7.7	4.11 bc	5.9 cd
M25	56.35 cd	0.96 ab	8.5	4.70 bc	5.6 d
M26	55.83 cd	0.92 ab	9.2	4.15 bc	6.4 bc
M27	63.13 bc	0.71 bc	7.4	6.44 ab	7.0 b
M28	52.35 de	0.77 bc	8.1	5.33 b	6.2 cd
M29	61.21 bc	0.84 b	7.7	5.30 b	5.0 de
M30	50.45 de	0.55 bc	6.8	5.04 bc	5.5 de
M31	67.40 ab	0.80 bc	7.3	4.27 bc	7.4 ab
M32	51.80 de	0.93 ab	6.4	4.41 bc	6.4 bc
M33	49.74 de	0.76 bc	7.7	4.50 bc	6.0 cd
M34	60.80 bc	0.64 bc	8.2	4.90 bc	5.8 cd
M35	49.56 de	0.68 bc	8.0	3.95 bc	5.4 de
M36	62.26 bc	0.91 ab	7.5	4.44 bc	5.0 de

Seed characteristics of carob genotypes

Genotypes	Seed colour	Seed shape	Seed surface	Total seed weight (g)	Seed ratio (%)
M1	Dark brown	Rounded	Wrinkled	3.41 a	12.09 ab
M2	Dark brown	Elliptical	Smooth	1.24f g	10.16 ab
M3	Clear brown	Rounded	Smooth	3.20 ab	10.85 ab
M4	Clear brown	Rounded	Wrinkled	3.07 ab	11.99 ab
M5	Reddish brown	Oval	Smooth	1.85 de	12.01 ab
M6	Dark brown	Rounded	Wrinkled	1.72 e	10.68 ab
M7	Clear brown	Rounded	Smooth	3.01 b	11.80 ab
M8	Clear brown	Rounded	Smooth	1.60 ef	9.04 b
M9	Dark brown	Elliptical	Rough	2.30 cd	9.83 ab
M10	Dark brown	Rounded	Wrinkled	1.57 ef	9.46 ab
M11	Clear brown	Elliptical	Smooth	1.62 ef	10.66 ab
M12	Dark brown	Rounded	Very rough	2.90 bc	11.03 ab
M13	Clear brown	Oval	Smooth	1.48 ef	9.14 ab
M14	Dark brown	Elliptical	Wrinkled	2.87 bc	11.21 ab
M15	Reddish brown	Elliptical	Smooth	2.20 cd	9.95 ab
M16	Clear brown	Rounded	Smooth	2.69 bc	10.72 ab
M17	Dark brown	Rounded	Very rough	2.55 c	8.98 bc
M18	Dark brown	Elliptical	Wrinkled	2.45 cd	9.68 ab
M19	Reddish brown	Oval	Wrinkled	1.35 f	8.65 bc
M20	Clear brown	Elliptical	Smooth	2.36 cd	11.08 ab
M21	Blackish brown	Rounded	Wrinkled	1.40 ef	7.11 bc
M22	Clear brown	Oval	Smooth	1.58 ef	8.93 bc
M23	Dark brown	Rounded	Wrinkled	1.19 fg	10.91 ab
M24	Blackish brown	Rounded	Smooth	1.98 de	8.88 bc
M25	Dark brown	Elliptical	Smooth	1.48 ef	8.51 bc
M26	Reddish brown	Elliptical	Wrinkled	1.22 fg	6.29 c
M27	Clear brown	Rounded	Wrinkled	2.15 d	9.95 ab
M28	Dark brown	Oval	Wrinkled	1.16 fg	9.21 ab
M29	Clear brown	Rounded	Smooth	2.26 cd	10.56 ab
M30	Clear brown	Rounded	Smooth	1.10 g	11.96 ab
M31	Blackish brown	Rounded	Wrinkled	2.61 bc	10.24 ab
M32	Clear brown	Rounded	Smooth	1.28 fg	8.53 bc
M33	Clear brown	Elliptical	Smooth	1.20 fg	11.6 5 ab
M34	Clear brown	Elliptical	Smooth	2.60 bc	11.87 ab
M35	Clear brown	Rounded	Smooth	1.16 fg	13.98 a
M36	Blackish brown	Rounded	Smooth	2.05 de	9.07 b

Tree and leaf characteristics of carob genotypes

Genotypes	Tree growth habit	Leaf width (cm)	Leaf length (cm)	Number of leaflets/leave
M1	Open	11.10 ab	9.60 ab	6.0^NS
M2	Weeping	8.40 e	8.80 ab	6.2
M3	Open	11.50 ab	10.78 ab	5.9
M4	Open	11.30 ab	11.10 ab	6.3
M5	Erect	9.85 cd	9.40 ab	7.0
M6	Open	9.04 de	8.28 ab	7.1
M7	Open	11.70 ab	11.50 ab	6.4
M8	Open	8.90 de	8.82 ab	6.3
M9	Weeping	10.42 bc	10.30 ab	5.9
M10	Open	9.20 d	9.10 ab	6.2
M11	Open	9.28 bc	9.07 ab	6.4
M12	Open	12.04 a	11.60 a	6.5
M13	Erect	9.33 cd	9.00 ab	7.1
M14	Weeping	11.10 b	10.74 ab	7.0
M15	Open	10.80 bc	10.50 ab	6.8
M16	Open	11.74 ab	10.95 ab	6.8
M17	Open	11.38 ab	11.05 ab	5.9
M18	Weeping	11.90 ab	11.40 ab	6.2
M19	Open	9.00 de	8.04 b	6.1
M20	Open	10.25 bc	9.64 ab	5.9
M21	Open	9.60 cd	9.30 ab	7.0
M22	Weeping	9.40 cd	9.20 ab	7.0
M23	Open	9.18 d	8.80 ab	6.5
M24	Open	10.02 cd	9.15 ab	6.8
M25	Open	9.56 cd	9.28 ab	6.8
M26	Erect	9.11 de	9.02 ab	6.9
M27	Weeping	10.17 c	9.78 ab	6.3
M28	Open	9.59 cd	9.19 ab	6.0
M29	Open	10.86 bc	10.11 ab	5.9
M30	Open	9.45 cd	8.29 ab	6.7
M31	Open	11.41 ab	10.15 ab	6.9
M32	Weeping	9.50 cd	8.90 ab	5.9
M33	Erect	9.33 cd	9.02 ab	6.4
M34	Open	10.35 bc	10.07 ab	6.1
M35	Open	9.20 d	9.02 ab	6.3
M36	Open	10.60 bc	10.10 ab	6.0

Pod characteristics of carob genotypes

Genotypes	Pod colour	Pod shape	Pod surface	Pod weight (g)	Pod width (mm)	Pod length (cm)	Pod thickness (mm)
M1	Dark brown	Curved	Wrinkled	28.2 ab	22.33 ab	20.41 ab	8.07 ab
M2	Dark brown	Spiral	Wrinkled	12.2 cd	14.27 d	12.54 c	4.82 bc
M3	Reddish brown	Curved	Smooth	29.5 a	21.67 ab	18.94 ab	8.11 ab
M4	Clear brown	Curved	Wrinkled	25.6 ab	22.02 ab	17.68 b	7.97 ab
M5	Reddish brown	Straight	Smooth	15.4 cd	17.44 c	16.38 bc	5.18 bc
M6	Dark brown	Curved	Wrinkled	16.1 cd	17.66 bc	15.91 bc	5.63 bc
M7	Clear brown	Curved	Smooth	25.5 ab	19.33 bc	18.27 ab	7.08 ab
M8	Clear brown	Curved	Smooth	17.7 bc	16.94 cd	14.03 bc	4.88 bc
M9	Dark brown	Spiral	Rough	23.4 b	21.14 ab	13.98 bc	5.94 bc
M10	Dark brown	Curved	Wrinkled	16.6 cd	17.76 bc	16.47 bc	5.56 bc
M11	Clear brown	Straight	Wrinkled	15.2 cd	19.56 bc	16.87 nc	6.36 bc
M12	Dark brown	Curved	Wrinkled	26.3 ab	23.08 a	19.83 ab	8.37 a
M13	Reddish brown	Curved	Smooth	16.2 cd	20.50 ab	19.33 ab	6.02 bc
M14	Dark brown	Straight	Wrinkled	25.6 ab	18.15 bc	19.98 ab	7.11 ab
M15	Reddish brown	Straight	Smooth	22.1 bc	19.10 bc	18.55 ab	6.20 bc
M16	Clear brown	Curved	Smooth	25.1 ab	22.48 ab	20.02 ab	8.02 ab
M17	Dark brown	Curved	Rough	28.4 ab	20.83 ab	21.67 a	7.92 ab
M18	Dark brown	Spiral	Wrinkled	25.3 ab	20.21 b	20.90 ab	7.62 ab
M19	Reddish brown	Curved	Wrinkled	15.6 cd	16.56 cd	17.10 bc	5.35 bc
M20	Reddish brown	Spiral	Smooth	21.3 bc	19.61 bc	19.03 ab	6.40 bc
M21	Dark brown	Curved	Wrinkled	19.7 bc	19.23 bc	17.90 ab	5.95 bc
M22	Clear brown	Spiral	Smooth	17.7 bc	18.78 bc	19.04 ab	6.03 bc
M23	Dark brown	Curved	Wrinkled	10.9 d	18.52 bc	14.21 bc	4.77 bc
M24	Dark brown	Curved	Smooth	22.3 bc	20.07 bc	19.43 ab	5.81 bc
M25	Dark brown	Straight	Smooth	17.4 c	18.20 bc	16.84 bc	5.70 bc
M26	Reddish brown	Straight	Wrinkled	19.4 bc	20.22 b	14.98 bc	6.35 ab
M27	Clear brown	Curved	Wrinkled	21.6 bc	18.41 bc	18.95 ab	6.82 ab
M28	Dark brown	Straight	Wrinkled	12.6 cd	18.10 bc	12.88 c	5.91 bc
M29	Reddish brown	Curved	Smooth	11.4 bc	19.07 bc	18.23 ab	7.30 ab
M30	Clear brown	Curved	Smooth	9.2 de	15.44 cd	16.67 bc	6.58 b
M31	Dark brown	Curved	Wrinkled	25.5 ab	20.18 b	19.19 ab	6.24 bc
M32	Reddish brown	Curved	Smooth	15.0 cd	17.60 bc	17.94 ab	5.59 bc
M33	Reddish brown	Spiral	Smooth	10.3 de	15.46 cd	14.73 bc	4.65 c
M34	Dark brown	Spiral	Wrinkled	21.9 bc	20.70 ab	20.19 ab	6.47 b
M35	Clear brown	Curved	Wrinkled	8.3 e	16.11 cd	14.98 bc	4.91 bc
M36	Dark brown	Curved	Wrinkled	22.6 bc	18.64 bc	19.23 ab	7.71 ab

Factor loadings for each variable on the components of PCoA analysis

Variable	PC1	PC2	PC3
Leaf length	5.54	13.11	1.20
Leaf width	1.12	18.74	1.03
Number of leaflets	4.13	10.11	0.17
Length of leaflets	0.03	16.13	1.67
Pod weight	22.71	0.10	0.55
Pod width	9.22	0.50	9.15
Pod length	2.45	11.23	4.66
Pod thickness	7.11	0.08	7.57
Pulp weight	22.13	0.80	6.21
Seed weight	10.06	0.57	14.13
Seed number	7.06	0.09	25.11
Pulp weight	3.41	2.23	8.62
Seed ratio	1.45	12.09	15.37
Pulp ratio	2.23	10.53	4.22
pH	0.34	1.03	0.07
SSC	0.49	0.90	0.05
Acidity	0.13	0.56	0.13
Vitamin C	0.04	0.08	0.00
Protein	0.23	0.09	0.05
Dietary fibre	0.12	0.03	0.04
Eigenvalue	5.43	2.98	1.67
% of variance	47.1	22.4	9.2
Cumulative variance	47.1	69.5	74.7

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Morphological and biochemical diversity among wild-grown carob trees (Ceratonia siliqua L.)

Article Category: Research Article

Publié en ligne: 22 avr. 2020

Pages: 69 - 78

Reçu: 22 janv. 2020

Accepté: 18 févr. 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0007

Mots clés
crop wild relatives, genetic diversity, pod dimensions, soluble solid content, vitamin C

© 2020 Nazan Korkmaz et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Biochemical characteristics of carob pods

Seed characteristics of carob genotypes

Tree and leaf characteristics of carob genotypes

Pod characteristics of carob genotypes

Factor loadings for each variable on the components of PCoA analysis

Morphological and biochemical diversity among wild-grown carob trees (Ceratonia siliqua L.)

Article Category: Research Article

Publié en ligne: 22 avr. 2020

Pages: 69 - 78

Reçu: 22 janv. 2020

Accepté: 18 févr. 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0007

Mots cléscrop wild relatives, genetic diversity, pod dimensions, soluble solid content, vitamin C

© 2020 Nazan Korkmaz et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Biochemical characteristics of carob pods

Seed characteristics of carob genotypes

Tree and leaf characteristics of carob genotypes

Pod characteristics of carob genotypes

Factor loadings for each variable on the components of PCoA analysis

Mots clés
crop wild relatives, genetic diversity, pod dimensions, soluble solid content, vitamin C